Türkiye'de Alevilerin Medyada Temsili: Haber Tweetleri Üzerine Hesaplamalı Bir Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin toplumsal ve siyasal yapısında tarihsel bir yere sahip olan Alevi kimliğinin dijital medya ekosistemindeki temsil pratiklerini ve çerçeveleme stratejilerini incelemektedir. Aleviliğin dijitalleşen haber döngüsünde farklı ideolojik filtrelerle hangi tema ve aktörler etrafında, nasıl temsil edildiği sorunsalı araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, 2015-2023 yılları arasında Türkiye’deki muhalif, iktidar yanlısı ve merkez çizgideki 36 medya kuruluşunun X (Twitter) platformunda Alevilerle ilgili paylaştığı 5094 tweeti kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada, büyük veri kümelerini anlamlandırmayı sağlayan hesaplamalı metin analizi ile yapay zekâ destekli niceliksel içerik analizini birleştiren karma bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Teorik zemin, çerçeveleme kuramı, Van Dijk’ın ideolojik kare modeli ve Stuart Hall’un kodlama-kod açımı modeli üzerine kurulmuştur. Bulgular, Alevi kimliğinin medyada sürekli bir gündem maddesi olmaktan ziyade; seçim dönemleri, nefret suçları, nefret söylemleri ve toplumsal kriz anlarında görünürlük kazanan olay odaklı bir temsile tabi tutulduğunu göstermektedir. Medya grupları arasında derin bir ideolojik ayrışma tespit edilmiştir: İktidar yanlısı medya Aleviliği güvenlikleştirme ve dış provokasyon söylemiyle çerçevelerken; muhalif medya yapısal ayrımcılık ve eşit yurttaşlık mücadelesi ekseninde konumlandırmakta, merkez medya ise entelektüel ve kültürel boyutları ön plana çıkaran müzakereci bir duruş sergilemektedir. Siyasi çizgisi fark etmeksizin tüm medya gruplarında Aleviler, kamusal temsilde büyük ölçüde siyasi elitler aracılığıyla görünürlük kazanmaktadır. Bu durum, Alevi meselesinin giderek daha fazla siyasallaşmasına ve kutuplaşma gündeminin bir aracı haline gelmesine zemin hazırlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak dijital haber ekosistemi, Alevilik meselesini demokratik bir müzakere alanına dönüştürmek yerine, mevcut siyasi kutuplaşmanın dilsel ve kurumsal olarak yeniden üretildiği bir çatışma arenasına hapsetmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alevilik
• Dijital Medya
• Çerçeveleme
• Medya Temsili
• Hesaplamalı Metin Analizi
• X (Twitter).

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada halka açık sosyal medya verileri kullanılmış olup, kişisel veya gizli bilgi içermediğinden etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir

Teşekkür

Sevgili Dr. Neslihan Bulur Demirel'e değerli yorumları ve eleştirileri için teşekkür ederim.

Media Representation of Alevis in Türkiye: A Computational Analysis of News Tweets

Öz

This study examines the representation practices and framing strategies of Alevi identity, which holds a historical place in Türkiye’s socio-political structure, within the digital media ecosystem. The research investigates how Alevism is represented through distinct ideological filters in the digitalizing news cycle, specifically focusing on the themes and actors defining this visibility. The analysis encompasses 5,094 tweets regarding Alevis shared on the X (Twitter) platform between 2015 and 2023 by 36 media organizations, spanning opposition, pro-government, and centrist lines. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining computational text analysis to interpret large datasets with AI-assisted quantitative content analysis. The theoretical framework is grounded in framing theory, Van Dijk’s ideological square model, and Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding model. Findings indicate that Alevi identity is subject to event-oriented representation, gaining visibility primarily during elections, hate crimes, hate speech, and social crises rather than as a consistent agenda item. A profound ideological divergence was identified: pro-government media frames Alevism through securitization and external provocation; opposition media positions it within the axis of structural discrimination and the struggle for equal citizenship; while centrist media exhibits a deliberative stance prioritizing intellectual and cultural dimensions. Regardless of political stance, Alevis gain public visibility largely through political elites across all media groups. This dominance facilitates the increasing politicization of the issue, transforming it into an instrument of polarization. Consequently, the digital news ecosystem confines the Alevi issue within a conflict arena where existing political polarization is linguistically and institutionally reproduced, rather than fostering a space for democratic negotiation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alevism
• Digital Media
• Framing
• Media Representation
• Computational Text Analysis
• X (Twitter).

Etik Beyan

This study uses publicly available social media data and does not require ethics committee approval as it does not contain personal or confidential information.

Teşekkür

I am grateful to Dr. Neslihan Bulur Demirel for her valuable comments and criticism.

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