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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Yerbilimleri</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1301-2894</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-2978</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Hacettepe Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17824/huyuamd.90366</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Origin of the Fluids in the Handeresi, Bağırkaçdere, and Fırıncıkdere (Kalkım, Yenice-ÇANAKKALE) Pb-Zn±Cu Distal Skarn Deposits</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Handeresi, Bağırkaçdere ve Fırıncıkdere (Kalkım, YeniceÇANAKKALE) Pb-Zn±Cu Distal Skarn Yataklarında Akışkanların Kökeni</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akıska</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sinan </given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Demirela</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gökhan </given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20140401">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2014</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>35</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>141</fpage>
                                        <lpage>168</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20150324">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1976, Yerbilimleri</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1976</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Yerbilimleri</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Handeresi, Bağırkaçdere and Fırıncıkdere deposits located in the south of Kalkım (Yenice) and at the east of Biga Peninsula are some of the important Pb-Zn±Cu deposits in Turkey. The distal Pb-Zn skarn formations in the area have occurred in the contact between the epidote-sericite-graphite schist-metasandstone and calc schist-marble and/or in fault zones of these units. These occurrences are controlled both structurally and lithologically. While the endoskarn zone are not seen in the area, the exoskarn zone consists of garnet (grossularite-andradite), clinopyroxene (Mn-hedenbergite-johannsenite and very rare diopside), amphibole (very rare actinolite-tremolite), epidote, quartz (quartz-I) and calcite (calcite-I). The ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, magnetite and hematite. Late-stage barren quartz (quartz-II) and barren calcite (calcite-II) veins and veinlets cut both all the mineralization zones and all the wall rocks. Fluid inclusion studies shows that the homogenization temperatures (and salinities) of clinopyroxene, sphalerite, quartz-I, and calcite-II are between 300-340 oC (5.6 - 8.0 % NaCl equiv.), 272-338 oC, 157-319 oC (1.4 - 9.1 % NaCl equiv.), and 68-75 oC, respectively. Because the sphalerite and calcite-II contain very small inclusions, the salinity could not be measured. C-O isotope analyse results of calcite-I associated with the mineralization shows that δ13CVPDB values range between -3.9 ‰ and 0.6 ‰, while δ18OSMOW values range between 1.82 ‰ and 12.76 ‰. When all data are evaluated together, the fluid, responsible for skarn-associated mineralizations, is probably magmatic origin and develops at/above ~340 C (prograde-retrograde stage transition). On cooling, quartz-I accompanies with early formed clinopyroxene. With the temperature decreases below 300 oC, meteoric water was incorporated into fluids of the retrograde stage and has led to decrease the salinity. The mineralization has begun to form from approxiamtely prograde-retrograde stage transition, but has mainly occurred in the retrograde stage. C-O isotope studies indicate that the carbon in the calcite associated with the mineralization is magmatic origin at first, but in the later stages, the recrystallized marine limestone is the source of carbon while oxygen is also magmatic origin at first, but incorporating meteoric water into the system has changed the oxygen isotope values</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Biga Yarımadası’nın doğusunda yer alan Kalkım (Yenice) beldesinin güneyinde bulunan Handeresi, Bağırkaçdere ve Fırıncıkdere yatakları Türkiye’deki önemli Pb-Zn±Cu yatakları arasında yer almaktadır. Bölgedeki distal Pb-Zn skarn oluşumları, Kalabak Formasyonuna ait epidot-serizit-grafit şist ve metakumtaşları ile kalk şist ve mermer dokanaklarında ve/veya bunların kırık-çatlaklarında meydana gelmiş olup, hem litolojik hem de yapısal kontrollü cevherleşmelerdir. Bölgede yapılan çalışmalar sırasında endoskarn zonuna rastlanılmamış olup, eksoskarn zonunda görülen mineraller, grossular-andradit türü granatlar, Mn-hedenberjit-johansenit (çok nadiren diyopsit) türü klinopiroksenler, aktinolit-tremolit türü amfiboller (çok nadir), epidotlar, kuvars (kuvars-I) ve kalsittir (kalsit-I). Cevher mineralleri olarak ise galenit, sfalerit, pirit, kalkopirit, arsenopirit, manyetit ve hematit saptanmıştır. Gerek cevherli zonları gerekse de tüm yan kayaçları kesen ve damar dolgusu şeklinde gözlenen ayrı bir kuvars (kuvars-II) ve kalsit (kalsit-II) jenerasyonu da belirlenmiş olup bunlar cevher içermeyen geç evre oluşumlarıdır. Klinopiroksen, sfalerit, kuvars-I ve kalsit-II örnekleri üzerinde yapılan sıvı kapanım çalışmalarında klinopiroksen minerallerinin 300-340 oC (% 5,6 ile % 8 arası NaCl eşdeğeri tuzluluk), sfalerit minerallerinin 272-338 oC, kuvars-I minerallerinin 157-319 oC (% 1,4 ile % 9,1 arası NaCl eşdeğeri tuzluluk) ve kalsit-II minerallerinin 68-75 oC arasında oluştukları saptanmıştır. Kapanımların çok küçük olmaları sebebiyle sfalerit ve kalsit-II minerallerinden tuzluluk ölçümleri yapılamamıştır. Cevherleşme ile ilişkili kalsit (kalsit-I) minerallerinde yapılan C-O izotop analizleri sonucunda δ13CVPDB değerlerinin ‰ -3,9 ile ‰ 0,6 arasında, δ18OSMOW değerlerinin ise ‰ 1,82 ile ‰ 12,76 arasında yer aldıkları görülmüştür. Tüm veriler bir arada değerlendirildiğinde, bölgedeki bu oluşumları meydana getiren akışkanın olasılıkla magmatik kökenli olduğu ve yaklaşık 340 oC veya üzerindeki bir sıcaklıkta (prograd-retrograd evre geçişi) meydana geldiği sonucuna varılabilir. Sıcaklığın düşmesi ile birlikte, ilk olarak oluşan klinopiroksenlere kuvars-I mineralleri de eşlik etmiştir. Sıcaklığın yaklaşık 300 oC altına düşmesi (retrograd evre) ile meteorik sular sisteme katılıp tuzluluk değerlerinin düşmesine sebep olmuşlardır. Cevherleşme ise yaklaşık prograd-retrograd evre geçişinden itibaren oluşmaya başlamış ancak esasen retrograd evrede meydana gelmiştir. Yapılan C-O izotop çalışması ile de cevherleşme ile ilişkili kalsitlerdeki karbonun kökeninin öncelikle magmatik olduğu ancak cevherleşmenin ilerleyen evrelerinde yan kayaçlardaki rekristalize denizel kireçtaşlarının da karbona kaynaklık ettiği, oksijenin ise yine magmatik kaynaklı olduğu ancak ilerleyen evrelerde meteorik su etkisi ile oksijen izotop değerlerinin değiştiği saptanmıştır</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sıvı kapanımı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   skarn</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Handeresi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Biga</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   distal</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   duraylı izotop</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   karbon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   oksijen</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>fluid inclusion</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   skarn</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Handeresi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Biga</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   distal</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   stable isotope</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   carbon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   oxygen</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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