Hemodialysis Vascular Access and Care

Abstract

Hemodialysis remains the most widely used method for treating renal failure. Life expectancy and quality in hemodialysis are directly proportional to the quality of dialysis, and this quality depends on the reliability and integrity of the patient’s vascular access route. The ideal vascular access route provides reliable, uncomplicated access to dialysis and is also suitable for the patient’s needs. Hemodialysis vascular access options have not changed substantially over the past six decades, and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the access of choice. Although AVF is a vascular intervention recommended and preferred in clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis, it can develop into serious complications such as thrombosis, hematoma, edema, peripheral ischemia, bleeding, and infection. To prevent these complications, it is extremely important to educate patients about AVF care. This review has been prepared as a guide for healthcare professionals who care for hemodialysis patients.

Keywords

• Vascular access
• hemodialysis
• arteriovenous graft
• central venous catheter
• arteriovenous fistula
• care
• education

Hemodiyaliz Damar Erişim Yolları ve Bakımı

Abstract

Hemodiyaliz böbrek yetmezliğinin tedavisinde en yaygın kullanılan tek yöntem olmaya devam etmektedir. Hemodiyalizdeki yaşam süresi ve kalitesi, diyalizin kalitesiyle doğru orantılıdır ve bu kalite de hastanın damar erişim yolunun güvenilirliğine ve bütünlüğüne bağlıdır. En ideal damar erişim yolu, diyalizi uygulamak için güvenilir, komplikasyonsuz erişim sağlayan ve aynı zamanda hastanın ihtiyaçlarına uygun olandır. Son altmış yıldır hemodiyaliz vasküler erişim seçenekleri büyük ölçüde değişmemiştir ve arteriovenöz fistül (AVF) tercih edilen erişim olmaya devam etmektedir. AVF, hemodiyaliz için klinik uygulama kılavuzlarında önerilen ve tercih edilen vasküler bir girişim olmasına rağmen tromboz, hematom, ödem, periferik iskemi, kanama ve enfeksiyon gibi ciddi komplikasyonlarda gelişebilmektedir. Bu komplikasyonların önüne geçilmesinde hastalara AVF bakımına ilişkin eğitim verilmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu derleme hemodiyaliz hastalarına bakım veren sağlık çalışanlarına rehber olması için hazırlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Damar yolu
• hemodiyaliz
• arteriovenöz greft
• santral venöz kateter
• arteriovenöz fistül
• bakım
• eğitim

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