Uluslararası Üniversite Sıralama Endekslerinde Türk Üniversitelerinin Yeri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 95 - 103, 01.08.2016

Gökçen Arkalı Olcay Melih Bulu

Öz

Üniversitelerin performanslarını eğitim, araştırma, yayın, uluslararasılaşma gibi çeşitli kriterler boyutunda ölçümleyen uluslararası derecelendirme endekslerinin yükseköğretimde kaliteyi ölçmeye yarayan bir araç olup olamayacağı tartışmaları akademik camiada devam ederken kamuoyunda bu endeksler büyük oranda ciddiye alınır hale gelmiştir. Her yıl dünyanın önde gelen uluslararası üniversite derecelendirme endeksleri önceden belirledikleri kriterler, kriterleri ölçen göstergeler ve göstergelerin ilgili ağırlıkları doğrultusunda çoğunlukla tek bir skorla ifade edilen sıralamalarını paydaşları ile paylaşmaktadır. Kullanılan kriterler ve metodolojik farklılıkların fiili sıralamaları nasıl etkilediği bir sorun iken, Türk üniversitelerinin bu sıralamalardaki görünürlüğü bir başka araştırma alanı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2011 ve 2015 yılları arasında THE World, QS World, ARWU ve URAP gibi önde gelen endekslere giren Türk üniversiteleri, bu üniversitelerin benzer ve ayırt edici özellikleri ve zaman içerisinde sıralamalardaki değişimleri ele alınmaktadır. Üniversitelerin büyüklüğü, devlet ve vakıf üniversitesi farklılığı, tıp fakültelerinin varlığı ve zaman içerisinde yerleşmiş üniversite itibarı gibi faktörlerin Türk üniversitelerinin uluslararası endekslerde sıralamalara girmesinde etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kalite, üniversite, üniversite derecelendirme endeksleri, Türk üniversiteleri, yükseköğretim.

Rankings of Turkish universities in international university ranking indexes

Öz

Global ranking indexes measure university performances in terms of criteria such as education, resarch, publication and internationalization. While the dicsussion on the role of global ranking indexes in determining the quality of higher education is going on in the academia, such indexes have started to be taken into account seriously by the public opinion. The leading university ranking indexes share the rankings of world universities that are mostly ranked in terms of a single score based on predetermined criteria, indicators measuring the criteria, and the associated weights of the indicators annually with their stakeholders. While understanding how employed criteria and differences in methodologies influence the actual rankings has been an issue, Turkish universities' placements in such rankings make another avenue for research. This study explores Turkish universities that take place in the leading indexes including THE World, QS World, ARWU, and URAP during 2011 and 2015, their similar and different aspects, and the changes in the rankings over the given time period. Factors such as size of the university, being a state or foundation university, existence of the medical school, and long established reputation play a role in Turkish universities' placements in leading international indexes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Higher education, quality, Turkish universities, university, university ranking indexes.

Kaynakça

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