Üniversite seçim süreci: Modeller ve süreci etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir literatür taraması

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 103 - 111, 01.08.2015

Oya Tamtekin Aydın

Öz

Yükseköğretim alanında artan rekabet, son yıllarda birçok akademik çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu konuda yapılan araştırmalarda, genellikle, yüksek-öğretim kurumları arasındaki rekabetin, öğrenci sayısını ve araştırma fonlarını arttırmak, nitelikli öğretim görevlileri bulmak ve mali kaynaklar elde etmek üzerine olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile üniversiteler arasındaki rekabetin önemli bir parçası olan "öğrenci sayısındaki artış" konusuyla bağlantılı olarak, yükseköğretime aday öğrenciler için zor ve önemli bir dönem olan üniversite seçim sürecine odaklanılmıştır. Makalede, konuyla ilgili yazın olabildiğince ayrıntılı bir şekilde taranmıştır. İlk olarak, aday öğrencilerin üniversite seçim kararı, "ekonomik modeller, sosyolojik modeller, karma modeller ve pazarlama yaklaşımı" başlıkları altında dört modelle açıklanmıştır. Ardından, süreçte etkili olan dokuz ana faktör (referans grupları, aileler, üniversitenin ünü ve özellikleri, kişisel faktörler, üniversitenin yeri, mezuniyet sonrası iş bulma olasılığı, üniversitenin ücreti, üniversitenin sağladığı burs imkânları ve üniversite hakkında bilgi toplanılan kaynaklar) modellerden bağımsız olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda ilgili yazın temel alınarak kavramsal bir çerçeve elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu kavramsal çerçevenin, öğrenci sayılarını arttırmak için izleyecekleri politikalar ve geliştirecekleri stratejiler konusunda, üniversite yöneticilerine yardımcı olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Faktörler, modeller, üniversite seçim süreci, yükseköğretim.

University Choice Process: A Literature Review on Models and Factors Affecting the Process

Öz

In recent years, many studies have discussed the increasing competition in higher education. They have emphasized that the aim of the growing competition between universities was to increase the number of students, get research support, find faculty members, and receive financial contributions. In connection with the "increase in the number of students" which is a significant part of the competition among the universities, this article aims to investigate the factors affecting the university choice process which is a challenging and significant period. Relevant literature has been reviewed to provide an extensive compilation of these factors. First, the university choice process was explained in terms of the following four models: economic models, sociological models, combined models, and the marketing approach. Then, the study investigated the nine main factors (reference groups, families, reputation and attributes of universities, personal factors, location, postgraduate job prospects, university fees, financial aid/scholarship, and information sources) that have an impact on the choices of students independent from the models. Lastly, the models and factors are presented in a conceptual framework. At the end of the study, a conceptual framework that will be useful for all university managers determining strategies and policies for student recruitment is provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Factors, higher education, models, university choice process.

Kaynakça

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