Araştırma Makalesi
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Öğretim Üyelerinin Kazakistan’daki Uluslararasılaşma Konusundaki Görüşleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Supplement, 35 - 44, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.202204

Öz

Uluslararasılaşma, Kazakistan’da yükseköğretimin modernizasyonu için ana mekanizma olarak görülmektedir. Uluslararasılaşma için güçlü politika baskısına rağmen, kurumlar tarafından uluslararasılaşma girişimlerinin uygulanma süreci ve ayrıca bireysel öğretim üyelerinin, öğrencilerin ve yöneticilerin uluslararasılaşmasıyla ilgili deneyimleri üzerine yapılmış araştırma sayısı çok azdır. Bu çalışma, öğretim üyelerinin uluslararasılaşma konusundaki görüşlerini belirlemek için Bilgi Toplumunda Uluslararası Akademik Meslek (APIKS) anketinden elde edilen verileri kullanarak mevcut araştırmalardaki boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Çalışma aşağıdaki araştırma sorularını ele almaktadır: (1) Öğretim üyelerinin uluslararasılaşma konusundaki görüşleri nelerdir? (2) Farklı demografik ve mesleki özelliklere (örneğin cinsiyet, unvan, disiplin, yaş, deneyim) sahip öğretim üyeleri arasında görüşler nasıl farklılık göstermektedir? (3) Öğretim üyelerinin dil yeteneği ile uluslararasılaşma konusundaki görüşleri arasındaki ilişki nedir? (4) Bu görüşler ile öğretim üyelerinin uluslararası deneyimlere katılımı arasındaki ilişki nedir? Araştırma sorularını yanıtlamak için hem tanımlayıcı hem de çıkarımsal istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, uluslararasılaşma girişimlerinin beyin göçü ve kültürel kimlik kaybı üzerindeki etkisinden endişe duymalarına rağmen, öğretim üyelerinin genel olarak uluslararasılaşma konusunda olumlu bir görüşe sahip olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, öğrencilere kıyasla kendilerine sunulan uluslararası hareketlilik ve araştırma işbirliği fırsatlarından daha az memnun görünmektedirler. Bulgular, uluslararasılaşma girişimlerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması hakkında öğretim üyelerinin görüşlerinin toplanmasının yanı sıra uluslararasılaştırma programlarına erişimlerinin artırılmasının önemine işaret etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. A report prepared for the World Conference in Higher Education 2009, UNESCO. Retrieved from http://www.cep.edu.rs/public/Altbach,_Reisberg,_Rumbley_Tracking_an_Academic_Revolution,_UNESCO_2009.pdf (November 9, 2022).
  • Azimbayeva, G. (2017). Comparing post-Soviet changes in higher education governance in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1–18.
  • Bilyalov, D. (2016). University governance reforms in Kazakhstan. International Higher Education, 2016(85), 28–30.
  • Bilyalov, D. (2018). Organizational socialization and job satisfaction of faculty at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan. European Education, 50(3), 229–248.
  • Bokayev, B., Torebekova, Z., & Davletbayeva, Z. (2020). Preventing brain drain: Kazakhstan’s Presidential “Bolashak” scholarship and government regulations of intellectual migration. Public Policy and Administration, 19(3), 25–35.
  • Burkhanov, A. (2018). Policy-making styles in Central Asia: The Soviet legacy and new institutions. In M. Howlett, & J. Tosun (Eds.), Policy styles and policymaking (pp. 222–241). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting (2019). Emigration from Kazakhstan as an outflow of human capital. Retrieved from https://cabar.asia/en/emigration-from-kazakhstan-as-an-outflow-of-human-capital (November 9, 2022).
  • European Commission, (2018). Erasmus+ program. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/def6a811-f4ee-11e7-be11-01aa75ed71a1/language-ru (November 9, 2022).
  • Ibragimova, B. (2019). Factors influencing international students’ motivation to study in Kazakhstan. Doctoral dissertation, Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Jumakulov, Z., & Ashirbekov, A. (2016). Higher education internationalization: Insights from Kazakhstan. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 6(1), 37–57.
  • Jumakulov, Z., Ashirbekov, A., Sparks, J., & Sagintayeva, A. (2019). Internationalizing research in Kazakhstan higher education: A case study of Kazakhstan’s state program of industrial innovative development 2015 to 2019. Journal of Studies in International Education, 23(2), 234–247.
  • Kehm, B. M., & Teichler, U. (2007). Research on internationalization in higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 260–273. Kim, T. (2020). Academic and Sociocultural Adjustment Experiences of International Students Studying in Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Knight, J. (2003). Updated definition of internationalization. International Higher Education, (33), 2–3.
  • Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5–31.
  • Knight, J. (2006). Internationalization of higher education: New directions, new challenges: 2005 IAU global survey report. International Association of Universities (IAU).
  • Knight, J. (2014). Is internationalization of higher education having an identity crisis? In A. Maldonado-Maldonado, & R. M. Bassett (Eds.), The forefront of international higher education: A festschrift in honor of Philip G. Altbach (pp. 75–87). Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kuzhabekova, A. (2020). Internationalization as a mechanism of higher education modernization in Kazakhstan. In J. Thondhlana, E. C. Garwe, H. de Wit, J. Gacel-Ávila, F. Huang, & W. Tamrat (Eds.), The Bloomsbury handbook of internationalization of higher education in the global South (pp. 100–114). New York, NY, USA: Bloomsbury Publishing Inc.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., & Lee, J. (2017). Relocation decision of international faculty in Kazakhstan. Journal of Studies in International Education, 22(5), 414–433.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., & Lee, J. (2020). International faculty engagement in local research capacity building: Factors affecting knowledge-sharing between international and local faculty in Kazakhstan. European Education, 52(4), 297–311.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., Sparks, J., & Temerbayeva, A. (2019). Returning from study abroad and transitioning as a scholar: Stories of foreign PhD holders from Kazakhstan. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(3), 412–430.
  • Lee, J., & Kuzhabekova, A. (2018). Reverse flow in academic mobility from core to periphery: Motivations of international faculty working in Kazakhstan. Higher Education, 76(2), 369–386.
  • Li, A., & Ashirbekov, A. (2014). Institutional engagement in the internationalization of higher education: Perspectives from Kazakhstan. International Higher Education, 2014(78), 17–19.
  • Ministry of Education and Science (2018). Realization of the principles of the Bologna process in the Republic of Kazakhstan. [Article in Kazakh]. Astana: Center for the Bologna Process and Academic Mobility. Retrieved from https://enic-kazakhstan.edu.kz/uploads/additional_files_items/28/file_en/analiticheskiy-otchet-final-14-12-2018-1.pdf?cache=1556191390 (November 9, 2022).
  • Mukhamejanova, D. (2019). International students in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 21(3), 146–163. National Erasmus+ Office in Kazakhstan (n. d.). Retrieved from https://erasmusplus.kz/index.php/en/erasmus/erasmus-in-kazakhstan/cbhe (November 9, 2022).
  • Nessipbayeva, O. (2014). Kazakhstan in the European Educational System. Proceedings of Bulgarian Comparative Education Society, 2014(4), 411–417.
  • Parmenter, L., Sparks, J., Li, A., Kerimkulova, S., Ashirbekov, A., & Jumakulov, Z. (2017). Internationalizing the curriculum in Kazakhstan: Perceptions, rationales and challenges. In De Wit, H., Gacel-Avila, J., Jones, E., & Jooste, N. (Eds.). The globalization of internationalization: Emerging voices and perspectives (pp. 206–217). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Perna, L. W., Orosz, K., Gopaul, B., Jumakulov, Z., Ashirbekov, A., & Kishkentayeva, M. (2014). Promoting human capital development: A typology of international scholarship programs in higher education. Educational Researcher, 43(2), 63–73.
  • Perna, L. W., Orosz, K., & Jumakulov, Z. (2015). Understanding the human capital benefits of a government-funded international scholarship program: An exploration of Kazakhstan’s Bolashak program. International Journal of Educational Development, 40, 85–97.
  • Sagintayeva, A., & Jumakulov, Z. (2017). Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan’s Bolashak scholarship program. In De Wit, H., Gacel-Avila, J., Jones, E., & Jooste, N. (Eds.). Understanding Higher Education Internationalization (pp. 143–146). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
  • Sarinzhipov, A. (2013). Opportunities for faculty to influence academic matters at Kazakh National University and Eurasian National University. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Silova, I., & Steiner-Khamsi, G. (Eds.). (2008). How NGOs react: Globalization and education reform in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Mongolia. Boulder, CO: Kumarian Press.
  • Stromquist, N. P. (2007). Internationalization as a response to globalization: Radical shifts in university environments. Higher Education, 53(1), 81–105.
  • Tampayeva, G. Y. (2015). Importing education: Europeanisation and the Bologna Process in Europe’s backyard – The case of Kazakhstan. European Educational Research Journal, 14(1), 74–85.
  • Tazabek, S. (2016). Internationalizing curriculum for innovation: Opportunities and challenges for entrepreneurial universities in Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the Eurasian Higher Education Leaders Forum, 2016, 24–27.
  • Tazhibayeva, A. (2017). Internationalization of higher education in Kazakhstan: State policies and institutional practices. Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Teichler, U. (2017). Internationalization trends in higher education and the changing role of international student mobility. Journal of International Mobility, 217(1), 177–216.

Faculty Views on Internationalization in Kazakhstan

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Supplement, 35 - 44, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.202204

Öz

Internationalization is viewed as the main mechanism for the modernization of higher education in Kazakhstan. Despite the strong policy push for internationalization, research on the process of implementation of internationalization initiatives by institutions, as well as on the experiences with the internationalization of individual faculty members, students, and administrators remains rather scarce. This paper fills the gap in existing research by using the data from the international Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society (APIKS) survey to explore faculty views on internationalization. The study addresses the following research questions: (1) What are faculty views on internationalization? (2) How do the views vary among the faculty of different demographic and professional characteristics (e.g. gender, rank, discipline, age, experience)? (3) What is the relationship between the views on internationalization and faculty language ability? (4) What is the relationship between the views and the extent of faculty engagement in international experiences? To answer the research questions, we use both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study reveals that faculty generally hold a positive view of internationalization, although remain concerned about the effect of internationalization initiatives on brain drain and loss of cultural identity. In addition, they seem to be less satisfied with the number of opportunities for international mobility and research collaboration, which are available for them as compared to students. The study points to the importance of gathering faculty input on the development and approaches to implementation of internationalization initiatives, as well as of expanding faculty access to internalization programs.

Kaynakça

  • Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. A report prepared for the World Conference in Higher Education 2009, UNESCO. Retrieved from http://www.cep.edu.rs/public/Altbach,_Reisberg,_Rumbley_Tracking_an_Academic_Revolution,_UNESCO_2009.pdf (November 9, 2022).
  • Azimbayeva, G. (2017). Comparing post-Soviet changes in higher education governance in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Cogent Education, 4(1), 1–18.
  • Bilyalov, D. (2016). University governance reforms in Kazakhstan. International Higher Education, 2016(85), 28–30.
  • Bilyalov, D. (2018). Organizational socialization and job satisfaction of faculty at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan. European Education, 50(3), 229–248.
  • Bokayev, B., Torebekova, Z., & Davletbayeva, Z. (2020). Preventing brain drain: Kazakhstan’s Presidential “Bolashak” scholarship and government regulations of intellectual migration. Public Policy and Administration, 19(3), 25–35.
  • Burkhanov, A. (2018). Policy-making styles in Central Asia: The Soviet legacy and new institutions. In M. Howlett, & J. Tosun (Eds.), Policy styles and policymaking (pp. 222–241). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting (2019). Emigration from Kazakhstan as an outflow of human capital. Retrieved from https://cabar.asia/en/emigration-from-kazakhstan-as-an-outflow-of-human-capital (November 9, 2022).
  • European Commission, (2018). Erasmus+ program. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/def6a811-f4ee-11e7-be11-01aa75ed71a1/language-ru (November 9, 2022).
  • Ibragimova, B. (2019). Factors influencing international students’ motivation to study in Kazakhstan. Doctoral dissertation, Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Jumakulov, Z., & Ashirbekov, A. (2016). Higher education internationalization: Insights from Kazakhstan. Hungarian Educational Research Journal, 6(1), 37–57.
  • Jumakulov, Z., Ashirbekov, A., Sparks, J., & Sagintayeva, A. (2019). Internationalizing research in Kazakhstan higher education: A case study of Kazakhstan’s state program of industrial innovative development 2015 to 2019. Journal of Studies in International Education, 23(2), 234–247.
  • Kehm, B. M., & Teichler, U. (2007). Research on internationalization in higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 260–273. Kim, T. (2020). Academic and Sociocultural Adjustment Experiences of International Students Studying in Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Knight, J. (2003). Updated definition of internationalization. International Higher Education, (33), 2–3.
  • Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5–31.
  • Knight, J. (2006). Internationalization of higher education: New directions, new challenges: 2005 IAU global survey report. International Association of Universities (IAU).
  • Knight, J. (2014). Is internationalization of higher education having an identity crisis? In A. Maldonado-Maldonado, & R. M. Bassett (Eds.), The forefront of international higher education: A festschrift in honor of Philip G. Altbach (pp. 75–87). Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kuzhabekova, A. (2020). Internationalization as a mechanism of higher education modernization in Kazakhstan. In J. Thondhlana, E. C. Garwe, H. de Wit, J. Gacel-Ávila, F. Huang, & W. Tamrat (Eds.), The Bloomsbury handbook of internationalization of higher education in the global South (pp. 100–114). New York, NY, USA: Bloomsbury Publishing Inc.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., & Lee, J. (2017). Relocation decision of international faculty in Kazakhstan. Journal of Studies in International Education, 22(5), 414–433.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., & Lee, J. (2020). International faculty engagement in local research capacity building: Factors affecting knowledge-sharing between international and local faculty in Kazakhstan. European Education, 52(4), 297–311.
  • Kuzhabekova, A., Sparks, J., & Temerbayeva, A. (2019). Returning from study abroad and transitioning as a scholar: Stories of foreign PhD holders from Kazakhstan. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(3), 412–430.
  • Lee, J., & Kuzhabekova, A. (2018). Reverse flow in academic mobility from core to periphery: Motivations of international faculty working in Kazakhstan. Higher Education, 76(2), 369–386.
  • Li, A., & Ashirbekov, A. (2014). Institutional engagement in the internationalization of higher education: Perspectives from Kazakhstan. International Higher Education, 2014(78), 17–19.
  • Ministry of Education and Science (2018). Realization of the principles of the Bologna process in the Republic of Kazakhstan. [Article in Kazakh]. Astana: Center for the Bologna Process and Academic Mobility. Retrieved from https://enic-kazakhstan.edu.kz/uploads/additional_files_items/28/file_en/analiticheskiy-otchet-final-14-12-2018-1.pdf?cache=1556191390 (November 9, 2022).
  • Mukhamejanova, D. (2019). International students in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 21(3), 146–163. National Erasmus+ Office in Kazakhstan (n. d.). Retrieved from https://erasmusplus.kz/index.php/en/erasmus/erasmus-in-kazakhstan/cbhe (November 9, 2022).
  • Nessipbayeva, O. (2014). Kazakhstan in the European Educational System. Proceedings of Bulgarian Comparative Education Society, 2014(4), 411–417.
  • Parmenter, L., Sparks, J., Li, A., Kerimkulova, S., Ashirbekov, A., & Jumakulov, Z. (2017). Internationalizing the curriculum in Kazakhstan: Perceptions, rationales and challenges. In De Wit, H., Gacel-Avila, J., Jones, E., & Jooste, N. (Eds.). The globalization of internationalization: Emerging voices and perspectives (pp. 206–217). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Perna, L. W., Orosz, K., Gopaul, B., Jumakulov, Z., Ashirbekov, A., & Kishkentayeva, M. (2014). Promoting human capital development: A typology of international scholarship programs in higher education. Educational Researcher, 43(2), 63–73.
  • Perna, L. W., Orosz, K., & Jumakulov, Z. (2015). Understanding the human capital benefits of a government-funded international scholarship program: An exploration of Kazakhstan’s Bolashak program. International Journal of Educational Development, 40, 85–97.
  • Sagintayeva, A., & Jumakulov, Z. (2017). Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan’s Bolashak scholarship program. In De Wit, H., Gacel-Avila, J., Jones, E., & Jooste, N. (Eds.). Understanding Higher Education Internationalization (pp. 143–146). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
  • Sarinzhipov, A. (2013). Opportunities for faculty to influence academic matters at Kazakh National University and Eurasian National University. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Silova, I., & Steiner-Khamsi, G. (Eds.). (2008). How NGOs react: Globalization and education reform in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Mongolia. Boulder, CO: Kumarian Press.
  • Stromquist, N. P. (2007). Internationalization as a response to globalization: Radical shifts in university environments. Higher Education, 53(1), 81–105.
  • Tampayeva, G. Y. (2015). Importing education: Europeanisation and the Bologna Process in Europe’s backyard – The case of Kazakhstan. European Educational Research Journal, 14(1), 74–85.
  • Tazabek, S. (2016). Internationalizing curriculum for innovation: Opportunities and challenges for entrepreneurial universities in Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the Eurasian Higher Education Leaders Forum, 2016, 24–27.
  • Tazhibayeva, A. (2017). Internationalization of higher education in Kazakhstan: State policies and institutional practices. Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
  • Teichler, U. (2017). Internationalization trends in higher education and the changing role of international student mobility. Journal of International Mobility, 217(1), 177–216.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Ampirik Araştırma
Yazarlar

Aliya Kuzhabekova Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9719-0220

Darkhan Bılyalov Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2686-8751

Merey Mussabayeva Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5115-629X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: Supplement

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuzhabekova, A., Bılyalov, D., & Mussabayeva, M. (2022). Faculty Views on Internationalization in Kazakhstan. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 12(Supplement), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.202204

Yükseköğretim Dergisi, bünyesinde yayınlanan yazıların fikirlerine resmen katılmaz, basılı ve çevrimiçi sürümlerinde yayınladığı hiçbir ürün veya servis reklamı için güvence vermez. Yayınlanan yazıların bilimsel ve yasal sorumlulukları yazarlarına aittir. Yazılarla birlikte gönderilen resim, şekil, tablo vb. unsurların özgün olması ya da daha önce yayınlanmış iseler derginin hem basılı hem de elektronik sürümünde yayınlanabilmesi için telif hakkı sahibinin yazılı onayının bulunması gerekir. Yazarlar yazılarının bütün yayın haklarını derginin yayıncısı Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi'ne (TÜBA) devrettiklerini kabul ederler. Yayınlanan içeriğin (yazı ve görsel unsurlar) telif hakları dergiye ait olur. Dergide yayınlanması uygun görülen yazılar için telif ya da başka adlar altında hiçbir ücret ödenmez ve baskı masrafı alınmaz; ancak ayrı baskı talepleri ücret karşılığı yerine getirilir.

TÜBA, yazarlardan devraldığı ve derginin çevrimiçi (online) sürümünde yayımladığı içerikle ilgili telif haklarından, bilimsel içeriğe evrensel açık erişimin (open access) desteklenmesi ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmak amacıyla, bilinen standartlarda kaynak olarak gösterilmesi koşuluyla, ticari kullanım amacı ve içerik değişikliği dışında kalan tüm kullanım (çevrimiçi bağlantı verme, kopyalama, baskı alma, herhangi bir fiziksel ortamda çoğaltma ve dağıtma vb.) haklarını (ilgili içerikte tersi belirtilmediği sürece) Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND4.0) Lisansı aracılığıyla bedelsiz kullanıma sunmaktadır. İçeriğin ticari amaçlı kullanımı için TÜBA'dan yazılı izin alınması gereklidir.