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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>yyufbed</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1300-5413</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-467X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53433/yyufbed.1782169</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Irrigation Water Quality</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Sulama Suyu Kalitesi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Karaman İlinin Sulama Suyu Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Determining the Irrigation Water Quality of Karaman Province</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0816-5525</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gencer</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hamza</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-8783</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Uçgun</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kadir</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>31</volume>
                                                    <fpage>71</fpage>
                                        <lpage>83</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250911">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260115">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1995, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1995</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde artan yeraltı suyu kullanımı sulama suyu kalitesini düşürerek toprak verimliliği ve sürdürülebilir tarımı tehdit etmekte, bu nedenle bölgesel su kalitesi analizleri kritik önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla Karaman ilinde sulama amaçlı kullanılan akarsu, baraj/gölet ve derin kuyulardan 30 adet su örneği alınarak tuzluluk (EC), pH, kalsiyum (Ca2+), magnezyum (Mg2+), sodyum (Na+), potasyum (K+), karbonat (CO32-, bikarbonat (HCO3-), klor (Cl-), sülfat (SO42-) ve bor (B) analizleri yapılmış ve alkalilik (A), toplam çözünmüş katılar (TÇK), toplam sertlik (TS), sodyum adsorbsiyon oranı (SAR), bakiye sodyum karbonat (RSC), çözünebilir sodyum yüzdesi (ÇSY), magnezyum oranı (MO), Kelly indeksi (KI), geçirgenlik indeksi (GI) ve potansiyel tuzluluk (PT) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sulama sularının %86,6’sı EC yönünden C2 sınıfında yer almıştır. pH açısından ideal ve Cl yönünden sorunsuz bulunmuştur. B yalnızca bir örnekte sınır değerinin üzerinde bulunduğu; TÇK değerlerinin %90’ının uygunluk gösterdiği; TS’nin tüm örneklerde yüksek olduğu, SAR, RSC ve ÇYS’nin mükemmel düzeyde olduğu; MO ve KI’nın uygun olduğu, GI ve PT açısından ise örneklerin sırasıyla yaklaşık %86 ve %76’sının kabul edilebilir nitelikte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Karaman ilinde kullanılan sulama sularının büyük bir bölümü C2S1 sınıfında yer almıştır. Karaman ilini temsilen alınan sulama suyu örneklerinde temel problem TS olmuştur. Sulama sistemlerinin korunmasında ve etkili bir ilaçlama ve gübreleme yapılmasında üreticiler dikkatli olmalıdırlar.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>IIn arid and semi-arid regions, increasing groundwater use degrades irrigation water quality and threatens soil fertility and sustainable agriculture, making regional water quality assessments critically important. In Karaman Province, for this purpose, 30 water samples were collected from rivers, dams/reservoirs, and deep wells used for irrigation in the region. The samples were analyzed for salinity (EC), pH, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), carbonate (CO32-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and boron (B). In addition, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), magnesium ratio (MR), Kelly’s index (KI), permeability index (PI), and potential salinity (PS) values were calculated. 86.6% of the irrigation waters were classified as C2 in terms of EC. pH was ideal and Cl was found to be problem-free. B exceeded the threshold value in only one sample; 90% of the TDS values were found to be suitable; TS was high in all samples; SAR, RSC, and ÇYS were at excellent levels; MO and KI were acceptable; and approximately 86% and 76% of the samples were acceptable in terms of GI and PT, respectively. Most of the irrigation waters used in Karaman Province were classified as C2S1. Among the irrigation water samples representing the province, the main problem was found to be TH. Therefore, farmers should be cautious in order to protect irrigation systems and to ensure effective fertilization and pesticide application.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Karaman</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sulama suyu kalitesi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tuzluluk problemi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sodyum tehlikesi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İyon toksisitesi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Karaman Province</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Irrigation water quality</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Salinity problem</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sodium hazard</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ion toxicity</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>07-YL-23</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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