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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>yyufbed</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1300-5413</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-467X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53433/yyufbed.1858435</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Materials Science and Technologies</subject>
                                                            <subject>Polymer Science and Technologies</subject>
                                                            <subject>Chemical Engineering (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Malzeme Bilimi ve Teknolojileri</subject>
                                                            <subject>Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri</subject>
                                                            <subject>Kimya Mühendisliği (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>PEMFC&#039;ler için Atık Gazeteden Elde Edilen Selüloz ile Katkılanmış Flor İçermeyen Polieter Sülfon Kompozit Membranlar</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>A Fluorine-Free Polyethersulfone Composite Membranes Doped with Waste Newspaper-Derived Cellulose for PEMFCs</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4828-4834</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Erdemir</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nisa Doğa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>GAZI UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4511-1336</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Can</surname>
                                    <given-names>Çağla</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>GAZI UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-3621</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yağızatlı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yavuz</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>31</volume>
                                                    <fpage>141</fpage>
                                        <lpage>159</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260107">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260324">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1995, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1995</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Atık gazeteler, yüksek katma değerli selüloza dönüştürülmüş ve polietersülfon (PES) kompozit membranların sentezinde biyobazlı bir katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, mekanik kararlılık korunurken proton iletkenliğinin iyileştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Selüloz, gazete atıklarından mürekkep giderme, temizleme ve hidroliz adımlarıyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen selüloz daha sonra çözelti döküm yöntemiyle ağırlıkça %1, %5 ve %10 oranlarında PES matrise dâhil edilmiştir. Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) ve X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) analizlerinden, selüloz ve PES yapısının korunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yeni kovalent bağ oluşumuna dair bir bulgu olmadığı doğrulamış, dolayısıyla ikincil etkileşimlerin baskın olduğu fiziksel bir karışım yapısına ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Termal analizler, selüloz ilavesinin membranın termal bozunma davranışını değiştirmesine karşın 800oC’de aynı kütle korunumu değerine ulaşıldığını göstermiştir. Hidratasyonla ilişkili özellikler sıcaklığa bağlı olup katkı oranı ile paralel bir değişim sergilememiştir. En yüksek su tutma kapasitesi, %5 selüloz içeren membranda gözlenmiş (su alma kapasitesi: 25oC’de 7.91 ve 80oC’de 9.97) iken, %10 selüloz içeren membran daha düşük su alma değerleri göstermiştir (su alma kapasitesi: 25oC’de 2.16; 80oC’de 3.09). Bu durum morfoloji ve dağılım etkilerine atfedilmiştir. Mekanik testler, çekme dayanımının %5 selüloz katkısıyla 48.3 MPa’dan 58.7 MPa’a yükseldiğini ortaya koymuştur. Elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi, PES-%10 Selüloz membranının direncinin saf PES’e kıyasla %58,7 azaldığını ve proton iletkenliğinin 2.73 mS cm-1’ten 14.8 mS cm-1’e arttığını belirlemiştir. Sonuç olarak, atık kaynaklı selüloz PES membranlarda proton taşınımını etkin biçimde iyileştirmiş, performansın ise hidrofilik yolakların bağlantılanması ile kompozit mikro yapı arasındaki dengeye bağlı olduğu görülmüştür.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Waste newspapers were converted into high-value cellulose and used as a bio-based additive in the production of polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes. It was aimed to improve proton transport while maintaining mechanical stability. Cellulose was obtained from the newspaper through successive deinking, cleaning and hydrolysis steps. Then incorporated into PES at weight percentages of 1%, 5%, and 10% via solution casting. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm that the cellulose backbone is preserved and the PES structure is maintained, with no evidence of new covalent bond formation, indicating a physical mixture where secondary interactions are dominant. Thermal analysis reveals that although cellulose addition alters the thermal degradation behavior of the membrane, the same mass conservation value is achieved at 800oC. Hydration-related properties were temperature-dependent and not monotonic with loading. The highest water uptake was observed with 5% cellulose (water uptake capacity: 7.91 at 25oC and 9.97 at 80oC), whereas 10% cellulose exhibited lower water uptake (water uptake capacity: 2.16 at 25oC; 3.09 at 80oC), which is due to morphology and distribution effects. Mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength increased from 48.3 MPa to 58.7 MPa with 5% cellulose doped. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy determined that the resistance of the PES-%10 Cellulose membrane decreased by %58.7 compared to pristine PES, and the proton conductivity increased from 2.73 to 14.8 mS cm-1. Overall, waste-derived cellulose effectively improved proton transport in PES membranes, and performance depended on the balance between hydrophilic pathway coupling and composite structure.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>PEMFC</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Membrane</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Cellulose</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  PES</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Composite</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>PDMYP</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Membran</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Selüloz</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  PES</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kompozit</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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