SPECIES VARIATION OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTIVITIES FROM TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACT
Abstract
The campaign for living in a friendly environment by reducing the rate of pollution through the use of biodegradable substance most especially plant materials for the control of mosquito is major priority of a, nation. Over the years, mosquito have been controlled by the use of synthetic chemical compounds and this is known to left behind toxic chemical residue which get accumulated into the food chain. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacies of the crude extract of the peel of lemon (Citrus sinensis) and Azadirachta indica using separating funnels. The mosquito' repellency of the extract from the two plants were evaluated using the human bait technique where by hand treated with different concentration of extract from 10mg/ml, 20mg/mL 30mg/ml, 40mg/ml. 50mg/ml. Petroleum ether extract of lemon peels showed higher larvicidal and repellent activity thaTn ethanol extract for each of the plant. The value of the lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of petroleum ether of lemon peel (LC50 =34.52), while Azadirachta indica (LC50 98.72). The ethanol extract of lemon peel (LC50=80.32) while that of Azadirachta indica (LC50 = 44.32). The plant extract tested showed variable effect on pupation and adult emergence and different morphogenic abnormalities were observed in immature and adult stages. All concentration of plant extracts used in the present study exhibited a repellent activity against adults with effectiveness depending on the solvent for extraction. The most effective plant extract exhibiting 100% repellency or biting deterrence against Anopheles gambiae was the petroleum ether extract of lemon peel at all dosage. Result of the study may contribute to design an alternative way to control mosquitoes currently base on applications of synthetic insecticides. These extracts could be developed commercially as an effective personal protection measure against mosquito bites and to control diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogen. In-silico studies also revealed that the main components of theses extracts are potential antimalarial inhibitors (Terpene: -6.6 kcal/mol) with comparable binding energy with Azadirachtin (-7.5 kcal/mol) and DEET (-6.5 kcal/mol) references binding with histo-aspartic protease (pdb id: 3qvc) of Plasmodium falciparum
Keywords
mosquito repellent, Citrus cinensis, Azadirachta indica, histo-aspartic protease
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