SPECIES VARIATION OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTIVITIES FROM TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACT

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 9 - 20, 24.01.2024

Albert Kolawole Odunlade

https://doi.org/10.55549/zbs.1417938

Öz

The campaign for living in a friendly environment by reducing the rate of pollution through the use of biodegradable substance most especially plant materials for the control of mosquito is major priority of a, nation. Over the years, mosquito have been controlled by the use of synthetic chemical compounds and this is known to left behind toxic chemical residue which get accumulated into the food chain. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacies of the crude extract of the peel of lemon (Citrus sinensis) and Azadirachta indica using separating funnels. The mosquito' repellency of the extract from the two plants were evaluated using the human bait technique where by hand treated with different concentration of extract from 10mg/ml, 20mg/mL 30mg/ml, 40mg/ml. 50mg/ml. Petroleum ether extract of lemon peels showed higher larvicidal and repellent activity thaTn ethanol extract for each of the plant. The value of the lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of petroleum ether of lemon peel (LC50 =34.52), while Azadirachta indica (LC50 98.72). The ethanol extract of lemon peel (LC50=80.32) while that of Azadirachta indica (LC50 = 44.32). The plant extract tested showed variable effect on pupation and adult emergence and different morphogenic abnormalities were observed in immature and adult stages. All concentration of plant extracts used in the present study exhibited a repellent activity against adults with effectiveness depending on the solvent for extraction. The most effective plant extract exhibiting 100% repellency or biting deterrence against Anopheles gambiae was the petroleum ether extract of lemon peel at all dosage. Result of the study may contribute to design an alternative way to control mosquitoes currently base on applications of synthetic insecticides. These extracts could be developed commercially as an effective personal protection measure against mosquito bites and to control diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogen. In-silico studies also revealed that the main components of theses extracts are potential antimalarial inhibitors (Terpene: -6.6 kcal/mol) with comparable binding energy with Azadirachtin (-7.5 kcal/mol) and DEET (-6.5 kcal/mol) references binding with histo-aspartic protease (pdb id: 3qvc) of Plasmodium falciparum

Anahtar Kelimeler

mosquito repellent, Citrus cinensis, Azadirachta indica, histo-aspartic protease

Kaynakça

• Alison and James (2001). Toxic effects of Diethyltoluarnide and Dimethylsulphate creams as mosquito repellents on rabbi's skin. Journal of Anatomical Society of India.; 50 (2): 148 - 152)
• Andrew, M.W. (1983). Agricultural innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, Cambridge University Press 260pp.
• Brown H.F. (2002). The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and their Uses Kindersley Publishers, United Kingdomn 350pp
• Bruneton, J., (1999). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants. Intercept Ltd., England, U.K. 250pp Curtis CF, John E.F. and Anderson E.F (1989). Natural and Synthetic repellents. In Appropriate technology in vector control; pp: 75 - 92.
• Egwaikhide, P.A. and C.E. Gimba, (2007). Analysis of the phytochemical content and anti-microbial activity of Moringa Journal. Sci. Res., 2(3-4): 135- 138
• Harborne, J.B. (1998). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis: 3rd (Ed.), Chapman and Hall, New York.250pp
• Odetola, A.A. and O. Bassin, (1986). Evaluation of Antimalarial Properties of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants, Research in Nigeria. University Press, Ibadan.350pp
• Onaijobi, FD., (1986). Smooth muscle contracting lipid soluble principles in chromatographic fractions of Ocimum Gratissimum. Journals of. Ethnopharm., 18: 3- 11.
• Oshaghi, MA., (2003). Repellent Effects of Extracts and Essential Oils of Citrus limon (Rutaceae) and (Labiatae) Against Malaria Vector, Anopheles, Iranian Journal of Public Health: 32 (4): 47-52.
• John, B.C, Michael E.T (1998). Pharmacokinetics, formulation, and safety of insect repellent DEET: A review, Journals of malaria Control Assoc. 14:12-27
• Ranson E.L. (200 1). Identification of a novel class of insect glutathione S-transferases involved in resistance to DDT in the malaria vector Anopheiles gambiae. Biochemical Journal. 359 :295 - 304.
• Schreck CE, McGovern T.P. (1989) Repellents and other personal protection strategies against Aede albopictus. J. American Mosquito Control Association 247-252.
• Seyoum, A. (2002). Repellency of five potted plants against Anopheles gambiae from human balts in semi-field host odours. Medical and Veterinary Entomology; 76: 239 - 45.
• Sofowara, A., (1995). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines in Africa. Chichester Sohn, Willey and Sons, New York, pp: 256.
• WHO (1996). Informal Consultation: a rapid dipstick antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of faciparum malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization: 74 (1): 47- 54.
• Jain, N., & Sharma, M. (2017). Evaluation of essential oil for its chemical and biological properties against fungi causing dermatophytic infection in human beings. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 7(3), 402-409.
• El-Sayed, A. S., George, N. M., Abou-Elnour, A., El-Mekkawy, R. M., & El-Demerdash, M. M. (2023). Production and bioprocessing of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui, restoring their biosynthetic potency by Citrus limonum peel extracts. Microbial Cell Factories, 22(1), 4.