Microbiota and Autism

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 43 - 48, 31.01.2019

Ceymi Doenyas

Öz

Autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental difference that is increasingly
prevalent but whose etiology is still unknown. Especially in the last five
years, the relationship between the gut and the brain has begun to gain
considerable attention while investigating neurological and psychiatric
disorders. It has been known for a long time that individuals with ASD
experience more gastrointestinal problems compared to the general public and it
has been proposed by different researchers in 1979 and 1991 that the problems
of stomach and digestion experienced by individuals with ASD could affect their
brain and lead to ASD symptoms through a relationship between the gut and the
brain. However, the technological breakthroughs in the last decade are what
provided the opportunity to study the intestinal microflora, thus enabling a
biological outlook at the gastrointestinal disorders experienced in autism and
related theories previously proposed. This article discusses microbiota
differences in individuals with ASD and suggested treatments to correct such
differences. It concludes by suggesting scientific and clinical next steps that
must be taken in order to ensure that these recent advances can result in the
generation of safe and effective treatments for individuals with ASD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autism, Autism spectrum disorder, Gut-brain, Microbiota, Probiotics

Mikrobiyota ve Otizm

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
(OSB), yaygınlığı giderek artan fakat sebebi hâlâ bilinmeyen nörogelişimsel bir
farklılıktır. Özellikle son beş senede dünya çapında bağırsak-beyin ilişkisi
büyük ilgi görmeye başlamış, nörolojik ve psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkları anlamaya
çalışırken bu ilişkiyi incelemenin önemi giderek daha da vurgulanmaya
başlamıştır. Otizmli bireylerin bağırsak ve mide rahatsızlıkları çektiği uzun
zamandır bilinmekte, mide ve sindirim ile ilgili yaşadıkları sorunların
beyinlerini etkileyerek otizm davranışlarına yol açabilme ihtimali ve
bağırsakları ile beyinleri arasında bir ilişki olabileceği 1979 ve 1991
senelerinde farklı araştırmacılar tarafından öne sürülmüştür. Fakat son on
senede gerçekleşen teknolojik ilerlemeler, bağırsak mikroflorasını inceleme
imkânı sunmuş ve otizmde belirtilen bağırsak ve mide rahatsızlıklarına
biyolojik bir pencereden bakma olanağı sağlamıştır. Bu makalede otizmli
bireylerde görülen mikrobiyota farklılıkları ile bu farklılıklara yönelik
önerilen tedaviler ele alınmaktadır. Son birkaç senede gerçekleşen bu
gelişmelerin sağlıklı ve etkili tedavilerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlayabilmesi
için atılması gereken bilimsel ve klinik adımlar önerilerek, alanın buradan
sonra gelebileceği yerler tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağırsak, Beyin, Mikrobiyota, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, Probiyotikler

Kaynakça

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