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Yıl 2013, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 221 - 244, 19.07.2013

Öz

Today, the most important factor for companies to survive is to be innovative in a highly competitive industry. The firms that have an organizational structure and environment that supports innovation are more likely to sustain their lives in today's competitive business conditions. In this study, innovation environments and applications of firms operating in the defense sector of Turkey have been analyzed in the light of both internal and external factors that support innovation. Due to its unique structure and conditions that are different from other industrial branches, the defense industry was chosen for determination of innovation environment. Surveys were conducted on 104 employees of 21 defense industry firms operating in Ankara. The results show that besides the sector’s innovative structure, skilled and creative workforce, firms that are examined were found to be at generally high levels of innovativeness.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, P.K. (1998), “Culture and Climate for Innovation”, European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(1), ss. 30-43.
  • Amabile, T.M., Hadley C.N. ve Kramer S.J. (2002), “Creativity Under the Gun”, Harvard Business Review, ss. 52-61.
  • Amabile, T.M., Conti R., Coon H., Lazenby J. ve Herron M. (1996), “Assessing The Work Environment for Creativity”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), ss. 1154-84.
  • Amabile, T.M. (1997), “Entrepreneurial Creativity Through Motivational Synergy”, Journal of Creative Behavior, 31, ss. 18-26.
  • Antoncic, B. ve Hisrich R.D. (2001), “Intrapreneurship Construct Refinement and Cross-Cultural Validation”, J. of Business Venturing, 16, ss. 4955
  • Bessant, J. ve Francis D. (1999), “Developing Strategic Continuous Improvement Capability”, International Journal of Operations& Production Management, 19(11), ss. 1106-19.
  • Blom, M., Castellacci F. ve Fevolden, A. “Defence Firms Facing Liberalization: Innovation and Export In An Agent-Based Model Of The Defence Industry”, University of Oslo, MPRA Paper No. 35702, Ocak 2012, <http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35702/>.
  • Börjesson, S. ve Elmquist M. (2008), “Aiming at Innovation in the Context of Disruptive Market Change A Case Study from the Swedish Defence Industry”, Center for Business Innovation Working Paper Series, 6.
  • Brazeal, D.V. ve Herbert T.T. (1999), “The Genesis of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 23(3), ss. 29-45.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006), Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, 6. Baskı, Ankara, Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Calantone, R.J., Cavusgil S.T. ve Zhao Y. (2002), “Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management, 31, ss. 515-524.
  • Cooke, P. (1996), “The New Wave of Regional Innovation Networks: Analysis, Characteristics and Strategy”, Small Business Economics, 8(2), ss.159Cummings, A. ve Oldham G.R. (1997), “Enhancing Creativity: Managing Work Contexts for the High Potential Employee”, California Management Review, 40(1), ss. 22-38.
  • Damanpour, F. (1991), “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Determinants and Moderations”, Academy of Management Journal, 34, ss. 555-590.
  • Devellis, R.F. (2003), Scale Development: Theory and Application, Applied Social Research Methods Series Volume 26, CA, Sage Publications.
  • Dombrowski P. ve Gholz E. (2009), "Identifying Disruptive Innovation: Innovation Theory and the Defense Industry," Innovations, 4(2), ss. 101Dos Santos Paulino, V. ve Callois M. (2010), “Innovation and Reliability Strategies in the Defense, Space and Semiconductor Industries: A Comparative Analysis”, International Journal of Innovation Management, 14(5), ss. 795-821.
  • Dosi, G, Hobday M., Marengo L. ve Prencipe A. (2003), “The Economics of Systems Integration: Towards An Evolutionary Interpretation. In The Business of Systems Integration”, Prencipe, A., Davies A. ve Hobday M. (Ed.), Oxford University Pres, ss. 95-113.
  • Drucker, P.F. (1985), Innovation and Entrepreneurship, London, Heinnemann.
  • Dyer, B. ve Song M.X. (1998), “Innovation Strategy and Sanctioned Conflict: A New Edge in Innovation?”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15(6), ss. 505-519.
  • Elçi, Ş. (2006), İnovasyon Kalkınmanın ve Rekabetin Anahtarı, Pelin Ofset, Ankara.
  • Eren, E. ve Gündüz H. (2002), “İş Çevresinin Yaratıcılık Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Bir Araştırma”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5, ss. 65-84.
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  • Gholz, E. (2011), “How Military Innovation Works and the Role of Industry,” White Paper Presented at the conference on Leveraging DoD’s Energy Innovation Capacity, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC, May
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  • Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson R.E., Johnson R.A. ve Mosel D.D. (1996), “The Market for Corporate Control and Firm Innovation”, Academy of Management Journal, 37, ss. 1084-1196.
  • Hobday, M. (1998), “Product Complexity, Innovation and Industrial Organisation”, Research Policy, 26(6), ss. 689-710.
  • Hornsby, J.S., Kuratko D.F. ve Zahra S.A. (2002), “Middle Managers’ Perception of the Internal Environment for Corporate Entrepreneurship: Assessing a Measurement Scale,” Journal of Business Venturing, 17, ss. 253-273.
  • Hult, G.T.M., Hurley R.F. ve Knight G.A. (2004), “Innovativeness: Its Antecedents and Impact on Business Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), ss. 429-438.
  • Hyland P. ve Beckett R. (2005), “Engendering an Innovative Culture and Maintaining Operational Balance”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12, ss. 336-352.
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  • Kavrakoğlu, İ., Gedik S. ve Balkır M. (2002), Yeni Rekabet Stratejileri ve Türk Sanayisi, TÜSİAD Yayınları.
  • Keizer J.A, Dijkstra L. ve Halman J.I.M. (2002), “Explaining Innovative Efforts of SMEs. An Exploratory Survey Among SMEs in the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Sector in The Netherlands”, Technovation, 22(1), ss. 1-13.
  • Kılıç, A. (2009), Ankara’daki Teknoparklarda Türk Savunma Sanayi Tarafından Sürdürülen Teknoloji Transfer Uygulamalarının Analizi: ODTÜ Teknopark ve Bilkent Cyberpark Uygulamaları (Doktora Tezi), Ankara, KHO Sav.Bil.Enst.Teknoloji Yönetimi ABD.
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  • Lumpkin, G.T. ve Dess G.G. (1996), “Clarifying the Achievement Orientations Construct and Linking it to Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 21, ss. 135-172.
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ÖRGÜTLERDE YENİLİKÇİLİK ORTAMI: ÖZELLİKLİ BİR SEKTÖR OLARAK SAVUNMA SANAYİİNDE DURUM

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 221 - 244, 19.07.2013

Öz

Günümüzde yoğun rekabetin yaşandığı tüm endüstri kollarında
yenilikçi olmak, firmalar için hayatta kalabilmenin en önemli faktörüdür.
Yenilikçiliği destekleyen bir organizasyonel yapıya ve ortama sahip firmalar,
günümüz rekabet şartlarında hayatlarını sürdürme başarısı göstermeye daha
yakındırlar. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki savunma sektöründe faaliyet gösteren
firmalarda, yenilikçiliği destekleyen içsel ve dışsal faktörlerin ışığında firmaların
yenilikçilik ortamları ve uygulamaları analiz edilmiştir. Yenilikçilik ortamının
tespiti için, kendine özgü yapısı ve koşulları nedeniyle diğer endüstri kollarından
farklı özelliklere sahip savunma sanayii seçilmiştir. Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren
21 savunma sanayii firmasından 104 çalışan üzerinde yürütülen anket çalışması
sonucunda; sektörün yenilikçi bir yapıya, nitelikli ve yaratıcı işgücüne sahip
olduğu, firmaların yenilikçiliğin incelenen tüm boyutlarında genel olarak yüksek
yenilikçilik seviyelerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, P.K. (1998), “Culture and Climate for Innovation”, European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(1), ss. 30-43.
  • Amabile, T.M., Hadley C.N. ve Kramer S.J. (2002), “Creativity Under the Gun”, Harvard Business Review, ss. 52-61.
  • Amabile, T.M., Conti R., Coon H., Lazenby J. ve Herron M. (1996), “Assessing The Work Environment for Creativity”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), ss. 1154-84.
  • Amabile, T.M. (1997), “Entrepreneurial Creativity Through Motivational Synergy”, Journal of Creative Behavior, 31, ss. 18-26.
  • Antoncic, B. ve Hisrich R.D. (2001), “Intrapreneurship Construct Refinement and Cross-Cultural Validation”, J. of Business Venturing, 16, ss. 4955
  • Bessant, J. ve Francis D. (1999), “Developing Strategic Continuous Improvement Capability”, International Journal of Operations& Production Management, 19(11), ss. 1106-19.
  • Blom, M., Castellacci F. ve Fevolden, A. “Defence Firms Facing Liberalization: Innovation and Export In An Agent-Based Model Of The Defence Industry”, University of Oslo, MPRA Paper No. 35702, Ocak 2012, <http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35702/>.
  • Börjesson, S. ve Elmquist M. (2008), “Aiming at Innovation in the Context of Disruptive Market Change A Case Study from the Swedish Defence Industry”, Center for Business Innovation Working Paper Series, 6.
  • Brazeal, D.V. ve Herbert T.T. (1999), “The Genesis of Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 23(3), ss. 29-45.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006), Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, 6. Baskı, Ankara, Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Calantone, R.J., Cavusgil S.T. ve Zhao Y. (2002), “Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management, 31, ss. 515-524.
  • Cooke, P. (1996), “The New Wave of Regional Innovation Networks: Analysis, Characteristics and Strategy”, Small Business Economics, 8(2), ss.159Cummings, A. ve Oldham G.R. (1997), “Enhancing Creativity: Managing Work Contexts for the High Potential Employee”, California Management Review, 40(1), ss. 22-38.
  • Damanpour, F. (1991), “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Determinants and Moderations”, Academy of Management Journal, 34, ss. 555-590.
  • Devellis, R.F. (2003), Scale Development: Theory and Application, Applied Social Research Methods Series Volume 26, CA, Sage Publications.
  • Dombrowski P. ve Gholz E. (2009), "Identifying Disruptive Innovation: Innovation Theory and the Defense Industry," Innovations, 4(2), ss. 101Dos Santos Paulino, V. ve Callois M. (2010), “Innovation and Reliability Strategies in the Defense, Space and Semiconductor Industries: A Comparative Analysis”, International Journal of Innovation Management, 14(5), ss. 795-821.
  • Dosi, G, Hobday M., Marengo L. ve Prencipe A. (2003), “The Economics of Systems Integration: Towards An Evolutionary Interpretation. In The Business of Systems Integration”, Prencipe, A., Davies A. ve Hobday M. (Ed.), Oxford University Pres, ss. 95-113.
  • Drucker, P.F. (1985), Innovation and Entrepreneurship, London, Heinnemann.
  • Dyer, B. ve Song M.X. (1998), “Innovation Strategy and Sanctioned Conflict: A New Edge in Innovation?”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15(6), ss. 505-519.
  • Elçi, Ş. (2006), İnovasyon Kalkınmanın ve Rekabetin Anahtarı, Pelin Ofset, Ankara.
  • Eren, E. ve Gündüz H. (2002), “İş Çevresinin Yaratıcılık Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Bir Araştırma”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5, ss. 65-84.
  • Erün, T. (2012), Ankara'daki Teknopark Firmalarının Teknopark İçerisindeki İşbirliği Uygulamalarının Teknoloji Transfer Performansları Üzerine Etkisi, (Y.L. Tezi), Ankara, KHO Sav.Bil.Enst.Teknoloji Yönetimi ABD.
  • European Commission. (1995), “Green Paper on Innovation”, Commission Publication, Brüksel.
  • Galende, J. ve De La Fuente J.M. (2003), “Internal Factors Determining a Firm’s Innovative Behaviour”, Research Policy, 32, ss. 715-736.
  • Gholz, E. (2011), “How Military Innovation Works and the Role of Industry,” White Paper Presented at the conference on Leveraging DoD’s Energy Innovation Capacity, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC, May
  • Grando, A. ve Belvedere V. (2006), “District’s Manufacturing Performances: A Comparison Among Large, Small-to-Medium-Sized and District Enterprises”, International Journal of Production Economics, 104, 85Hair, J.F., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L. ve Black W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
  • Hattori, R. ve Wycoff J. (2002), “Innovation DNA: A Good Idea is not Enough. It Has to Create Value”, Training and Development, 56(2), ss. 25-39.
  • Hitt, M.A., Black J.S. ve Porter L.W. (2005), Management, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2005.
  • Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson R.E., Johnson R.A. ve Mosel D.D. (1996), “The Market for Corporate Control and Firm Innovation”, Academy of Management Journal, 37, ss. 1084-1196.
  • Hobday, M. (1998), “Product Complexity, Innovation and Industrial Organisation”, Research Policy, 26(6), ss. 689-710.
  • Hornsby, J.S., Kuratko D.F. ve Zahra S.A. (2002), “Middle Managers’ Perception of the Internal Environment for Corporate Entrepreneurship: Assessing a Measurement Scale,” Journal of Business Venturing, 17, ss. 253-273.
  • Hult, G.T.M., Hurley R.F. ve Knight G.A. (2004), “Innovativeness: Its Antecedents and Impact on Business Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), ss. 429-438.
  • Hyland P. ve Beckett R. (2005), “Engendering an Innovative Culture and Maintaining Operational Balance”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12, ss. 336-352.
  • Jamrog, J., Vickers M. ve Bear D. (2006), “Building and Sustaining a Culture That Supports Innovation”, Human Resource Planning, 29(3), ss. 9-19. Kanter, R.M. (1983), The Change Masters: Innovations for Productivity in The American Corporation, New York, Simon and Schuster.
  • Kanter, R.M. (2006), “Innovation: The Classic Traps”, Harvard Business Review, Kasım 2006, ss. 73-83.
  • Kavrakoğlu, İ., Gedik S. ve Balkır M. (2002), Yeni Rekabet Stratejileri ve Türk Sanayisi, TÜSİAD Yayınları.
  • Keizer J.A, Dijkstra L. ve Halman J.I.M. (2002), “Explaining Innovative Efforts of SMEs. An Exploratory Survey Among SMEs in the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Sector in The Netherlands”, Technovation, 22(1), ss. 1-13.
  • Kılıç, A. (2009), Ankara’daki Teknoparklarda Türk Savunma Sanayi Tarafından Sürdürülen Teknoloji Transfer Uygulamalarının Analizi: ODTÜ Teknopark ve Bilkent Cyberpark Uygulamaları (Doktora Tezi), Ankara, KHO Sav.Bil.Enst.Teknoloji Yönetimi ABD.
  • Kitchell, S. (1995), “Corporate Culture, Environmental Adaptation, and Innovation Adoption: A Qualitative/Quantitative Approach”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(3), ss. 195-205.
  • Kiper, M. (2010), Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirliği ve Bu Kapsamda Üniversite-Sanayi Ortak Araştırma Merkezleri Programı (USAMP), Ankara, İşkur Matbaacılık.
  • Klepper, S. (1996), “Entry, Exit, Growth, and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle”, American Economic Review, 86(3), ss. 562-583.
  • Kumar K., Boesso G., Favotto F. ve Menini A. (2012), “Strategic Orientation, Innovation Patterns and Performances of SMEs and Large Companies”, J. of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(1), ss. 132-145.
  • Kuratko, D.F., Montagno R.V. ve Hornsby J.S. (1990), “Developing an Intrapreneurial Assessment Instrument for an Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), ss. 49.
  • Lumpkin, G.T. ve Dess G.G. (1996), “Clarifying the Achievement Orientations Construct and Linking it to Performance”, Academy of Management Review, 21, ss. 135-172.
  • Macpherson, A.D. (1997), “A Comparison of Within-Firm and External Sources of Product Innovation”, Growth and Change, 28, ss. 289-308.
  • Malerba, F. ve Orsenigo L. (1996), “Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation are Technology-Specific”, Research Policy, 25, ss. 451-478.
  • Martins E.C. ve Terblanche F. (2003), “Building Organisational Culture That Stimulates Creativity and Innovation”, European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), ss. 64-74.
  • McAdam, R., Stevenson P. ve Armstrong G. (2000), “Innovative Change Management in SMEs: Beyond Continuous Improvement”, Journal of Logistics Information Management, 13(3), ss. 138-149.
  • Mecit, B. (2006), Savunma Sanayi KOBİ İşbirliği Konferansı, Ankara, 13-14 Kasım 2006.
  • Montes, F.J., Moreno A.R. ve Fernandez L.M. (2004), “Assessing the Organizational Climate and Contractual Relationship for Perceptions of Support for Innovation”, Int. J. of Manpower, 25(2), ss. 167-180.
  • Mosey, S., Clare J. ve Woodcock D. (2002), “Innovation Decision Making in British Manufacturing SMEs”, Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 13(3), ss. 176-183.
  • Mowery, D. ve Rosenberg N. (1989). Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mowery, D.C. (2009), “National Security and National Innovation Systems”, Journal of Technology Transfer, 34, ss. 455-473.
  • Mumford, M.D. (2000), “Managing Creative People: Strategies and Tactics for Innovation”. Human Resource Management Review, 10(3), ss. 313-352. Nunnaly, J.C. (1998), Psychometric Theory, New York, McGraw Hill.
  • Oslo Kılavuzu. (2005), Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Yorumlanması İçin İlkeler, Üçüncü Baskı, OECD/Avrupa Birliği.
  • Özdemir, M.T. (2006), Türkiye’de Teknopark Girişimlerinin Mevcut Durumu ve Dünyadaki Örnekler Doğrultusunda Türkiye İçin Model Önerisi, SSM Uzmanlık Tezi.
  • Pavitt, K. (1984), “Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a Theory”, Research Policy, 13, ss. 343-373.
  • Peebles, E. (2002), “Inspiring Innovation”, Harvard Business Review, ss. 89.
  • Peters, T. ve Waterman R. (1982), In Search of Excellence, Harper&Row, New York.
  • Porter, M.E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, London.
  • Prencipe, A. (2000), “Breath And Depth of Technological Capabilities in COPS: The Case of the Aircraft Engine Control System”, Research Policy, 29, ss. 895-911.
  • Pullant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step-By-Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows, Philadelphia, Open Uni. Press.
  • Radas, S. ve Bozic L. (2009), “The Antecedents of SME Innovativeness in an Emerging Transition Economy”, Technovation, 29, ss. 438-450.
  • Rogers, M. (2004), ‘’Networks, Firm Size and Innovation’’, Small Business Economics, 22, ss. 141-153.
  • Ruttan, V.W. (2006), Is War Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technology Development, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • SASAD, (2013), Savunma ve Havacılık Sanayii İmalatçılar Derneği web sitesi. Erişim tarihi:12 Haziran 2013, <http://www.sasad.org.tr/>.
  • Savunma Sanayii Gündemi, SSM, Ankara, 15 Temmuz 2011.
  • Scott, S.G. ve Bruce R.A. (1994), “Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in The Workplace”, Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), ss. 580-607.
  • Shefer, D. ve Frenkel A. (2005), “R&D, Firm Size and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis’’, Technovation, 25, ss. 25-32.
  • Starbek, M. ve Grum J. (2002), “Concurrent Engineering in Small Companies”, International J. of Machine Tools&Manufacture, 42(3), ss. 417-426.
  • Staw, B.M. ve Sutton R.I. (1993), “Macro Organizational Psychology”, J.K. Murnighan (Ed.), Social Psychology in Organizations, NJ, Prentice Hall, ss. 350-384.
  • Teece, D.J. (1996), “Firm Organisation, Industrial Structure, and Technological Innovation”, J. of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, 31, ss.1932
  • Tidd, J., Bessant J. ve Pavitt K. (2005), Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organisational Change, Wiley, Chichester.
  • Türkiye Savunma Sanayi Sektör Raporu 2009, TOBB Yayın Sıra No: 2010/114. <http://www.tobb.org.tr>.
  • Ulusoy, G., Alpkan L., Kılıç K. ve Öner A. (2008), İmalat Sanayiinde İnovasyon Modelleri ve Uygulamaları, TÜBİTAK PROJE NO: SOBAG-105K105, İstanbul, Ocak 2008.
  • Ulusoy, G. (2003), “An Assessment of Supply Chain and Innovation Management Practices in the Manufacturing Industries in Turkey’’, International Journal of Production Economics, 86, ss. 251-270.
  • Van De Ven, A., Polley D.E., Garud R. ve Venkataraman S. (1999), The Innovation Journey, New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Voss, C. (1998), “Made in Europe: Small Companies”, Business Strategy Review, 9, ss. 1-19.
  • West, M.A. ve Farr J.L. (1990), “Innovation at Work”, M.A. West ve Farr J.L. (Ed.), Innovation and Creativity At Work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies, New York, Wiley, ss. 3-13.
  • Woodcock, M. ve Francis D. (2001), “Developing Agile Organisations: Theory and Interventions”, Leadership and Organisational Development Journal, 22(2), ss. 88-92.
  • Zaim, M. (2000), “Yeni Türk Savunma Sanayi Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Milli Ana Yüklenici Uygulaması ve Teknoloji Odaklı Tedarik”, Aselsan Dergisi, 56, ss. 4-8.
  • Zekey, A.H. (1999), “Savunma Sanayi Yatırımlarının Ekonomi Üzerine Etkileri”, <http://www.kho.edu.tr/yayinlar/bilimdergisi/1999_2/ E.T:>.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakan Eren

Ali Kılıç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Eren, H., & Kılıç, A. (2013). ÖRGÜTLERDE YENİLİKÇİLİK ORTAMI: ÖZELLİKLİ BİR SEKTÖR OLARAK SAVUNMA SANAYİİNDE DURUM. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 27(3), 221-244.

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