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YER TUTUCU APAREYLERİN ORAL BİYOFİLM OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ –DERLEME

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 94 - 98, 31.08.2016

Öz


Diş çürüğü en önemli ağız hastalığı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Uygulanan birçok koruyucu tedavi sonucunda diş çürüğü görülme oranı gün geçtikçe düşüş gösterse de, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde önemli bir sağlık problemi oluşturmaktadır. Diş çürüğünün oluşumu birçok etkene bağlıdır. En önemli sebep mikroorganizmalar, özellikle de S. mutans’dır. Yetişkin hastalarda oral mikroflora hakkında detaylı araştırmalar yapılmış ve çocuk hastalarda da benzer oral mikroflora görüldüğüne dair yayınlar bulunmaktadır. Buna karşın, çocuk hastalarda bu konuda hala eksiklikler vardır. Çocuklarda çalışmanın güçlüğü, büyüme gelişime bağlı olarak görülen değişimler bu eksikliğin sebepleri olarak görülebilir.


Pedodontide süt dişlerinin düşme zamanlarından önce kaybedildiği durumlarda çekim boşluğunun korunması için yer tutucu apareyler kullanılır. Yer tutucuların çapraşıklı ektopik eripsüyon ve maloklüzyon gibi geç dönem oluşan çekim komplikasyonalarını önlemesine rağmen plak akümülasyonunu artırmasına bağlı olarak diş çürüğü ve periodontal hastalıkları artırdığı bilinmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, yer tutucu kullanan çocuk hastalarda Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) sayısında artış olduğu saptanmıştır.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Gülhan A. Pedodonti. İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Basımevi ve Film Merkezi 1994;Yayın No:3832, İstanbul:59-86.
  • 2. Rao AK, Sarkar S. Changes in the arch length following premature loss of deciduous molars. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 1999 Mar;17(1):29-32.
  • 3. Ghafari J. Early Treatment of Dental Arch Problems I. Space Maintenance, Space Gaining. Quintessence Int 1986; 17:423-432.
  • 4. Kırzıoğlu Z, Ertürk SÖ. Success of Reinforced Fiber Material Space Maintainers. J Dent. Child 2004; 71: 158-162.
  • 5. Laing E, Ashley P, Naini FB, Gill DS. Space maintenance. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009 May;19(3):155-62.
  • 6. Baroni C, Franchini A, Rimondini L. Survival of Different Types of Space Maintainers Pediatr Dent 1994; 16: 360-361.
  • 7. Rajab LD. Clinical performance and survival of space maintainers: evaluation over a period of 5 years. ASDC J Dent Child. 2002 May-Aug;69(2):156-60, 124.
  • 8. Qudeimat MA, Fayle SA. The longevity of space maintainers: a retrospective study. Pediatr Dent. 1998 Jul-Aug;20(4):267-72.
  • 9. Ngan P, Alkire RG, Fields H Jr. Management of space problems in the primary and mixed dentitions. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 Sep;130(9):1330-9. Review.
  • 10. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd Ed. St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier, 1999.
  • 11. Brill WA. The distal shoe space maintainer chairside fabrication and clinical performance. Pediatr Dent 2002;24(6):561-5.
  • 12. Mayhew MJ, Dilley GJ, Dilley DC, Jacoway J, Johnson PT. Tissue response to intragingival appliances in monkeys. Pediatr Dent 1984;6(3):148-52.
  • 13. Burstone CJ. Precision lingual arches. Active applications. J Clin Orthod 1989;23(2):101-9.
  • 14. Burstone CJ, Manhartsberger C. Precision lingual arches. Passive applications. J Clin Orthod1988;22(7):444-51.
  • 15. McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry For Child And Adolescent. St. Louis CV Mosby, 2004: 627-682.
  • 16. Artun J, Marstrander PB. Clinical efficiency of two different types of direct bonded space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child 1983;50(3):197-204.
  • 17. Pruhs RJ. The use of stainless steel crowns in the construction of space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child 1978;45(4):293-5.
  • 18. Kargul B, Caglar E, Kabalay U. Glass fiber reinforced composite resin space maintainer: case reports. J Dent Child 2003;70(3):258-61.
  • 19. Athanasiou A, Farsaris N. New universal space maintainer. J Clin Orthod 1984;18(8):570-1.
  • 20. Santos VL, Almeida MA, Mello HS, Keith O. Direct bonded space maintainers. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1993;17(4):221-5.
  • 21. Swaine TJ, Wright GZ. Direct bonding applied to space maintenance. ASDC J Dent Child 1976;43(6):401-5.
  • 22. Rutter PR, Abbott A. A study of the interaction between oral streptococci and hard surfaces. J Gen Microbiol 1978;105:219-26.
  • 23. Larsson K, Glantz PO. Microbial adhesion to surfaces with different surface charges. Acta Odontol Scand 1981;39:79-82.
  • 24. Minagi S, Miyake Y, Inagaki K, Tsum H, Suginaka H. Hydrophobic interaction inCandida albicans and Candida tropicalis adherence to various denture base resin materials. Infect Immun 1985;47:11-4.
  • 25. Van Pelt AW, Weerkamp AH, Uyen MHWJC, Busscher HJ, DeJong HP, Arends J. Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis CH3 to polymers with different surface free energies. Appl Envir Microbiol 1985;49:1270-5.
  • 26. Satou J, Fukunaga A, Satou N, Shintani H, Okuda K. Streptococcal adherence on various restorative materials. J Dent Res 1988;67:588-91.
  • 27. Arendorf T, Addy M: Candidal carriage and plaque distribution before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1985; 12: 360–368.
  • 28. Arikan F, Eronat N, Candan U, et al: Periodontal conditions associated with space maintainers following two different dental health education techniques. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2007; 31: 229–234.
  • 29. Gomes SC, Varela CC, da Veiga SL, et al: Periodontal conditions in subjects following orthodontic therapy. A preliminary study. Eur J Orthod 2007; 29: 477–481.
  • 30. Ireland AJ, Soro V, Sprague SV, et al: The effects of different orthodontic appliances upon microbial communities. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; 17: 115–123.
  • 31. Janson G, Bombonatti R, Brandão AG, Henriques JF, de Freitas MR. Comparative radiographic evaluation of the alveolar bone crest after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Aug;124(2):157-64.
  • 32. Sallum EJ, Nouer DF, Klein MI, Gonçalves RB, Machion L, Wilson Sallum A, Sallum EA. Clinical and microbiologic changes after removal of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Sep;126(3):363-6.
  • 33. Budtz-Jørgensen E. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of chemical immersion cleansers for patients with denture stomatitis. Quintessenz. 1984 Oct;35(10):1933-40.
  • 34. Cannon RD, Holmes AR, Mason AB, Monk BC. Oral Candida: clearance, colonization, or candidiasis? J Dent Res. 1995 May;74(5):1152-61.
  • 35. Griffiths GS, Addy M. Effects of malalignment of teeth in the anterior segment on plaque accumulation. J Clin Periodontol 1981;8:81-90.
  • 36. Addy M, Griffiths GS, Dummer PM, Kingdon A, Hicks R, Hunter ML, et al. The association between tooth irregularity and plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and caries in 11-12-year-old children. Eur J Orthod 1988;10:76-83.
  • 37. Alexander AG, Tipnis AK. The effect of irregularity of teeth and the degree of overbite and overjet on gingival health. Br Dent J 1970;128:539-47.
  • 38. Beagrie GS, James GA. The association of posterior tooth irregularity and periodontal disease. Br Dent J 1962;113:239-43.
  • 39. Kloehn JS, Pfeifer JS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium. Angle Orthod 1974;44:127-34.
  • 40. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 1972;42:26-34.
  • 41. Zachrisson BU. Cause and prevention of injuries to teeth and supporting structures during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod 1976;69:285-300.
  • 42. Boyd RL. Longitudinal evaluation of a system for self-monitoring plaque control effectiveness in orthodontic patients. J Clin Periodontol 1983;10:380-8.
  • 43. Alexander SA. Effects of orthodontic attachments on the gingival health of permanent second molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:337-40.
  • 44. Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnet AJ. Incidence of spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod 1982;81:93-8.
  • 45. Ogaard B. Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19 year olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96: 423 -7.
  • 46. Balenseifen JW, Madonia JV. Study of dental plaque in orthodontic patients. J Dent Res 1970;49:320-4.
  • 47. Menzaghi N, Saletta M, Garattini G, Brambilla E, Strohmenger L. Changes in the yeast oral flora in patients in orthodontic treatment. Prev Assist Dent 1991;17:26-30.
  • 48. Rosenbloom RG, Tinanoff N. Salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients before, during and after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:35-7.
  • 49. Forsberg CM, Brattström V, Maimberg E, Nord CE. Ligature wires and elastomeric rings: two methods of ligation, and their association with microbial colonization of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eur J Orthod 1991;13:416-20.
  • 50. Saemundsson SR, Bergmann H, Magnúsdóttir MO, Holbrook WP. Dental caries and Streptococcus mutans in a rural child population in Iceland. Scand J Dent Res 1992; 100:299-303.
  • 51. Sansone C, Van Houte J, Jodhipura K, Kent R, Margolis,HC. The association of mutans streptococci and non-mutans streptococci capable of acidogenesis at low pH with dental caries on enamel and root surfaces. J Dent Res 1993;72:50816.
  • 52. Simsek S, Yilmaz Y, Gurbuz T. Clinical evaluation of simple fixed space maintainers bonded with flow composite resin. J Dent Child 2004 May-Aug;71(2):163-8.
  • 53. 157. Croll TP. Prevention of gingival submergence of fixed unilateral space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child 1982;49:48-51.
  • 54. Garg A, Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Saha S. 'Metal to resin': a comparative evaluation of conventional band and loop space maintainer with the fiber reinforced composite resin space maintainer in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2014 Apr-Jun;32(2):111-6.
  • 55. Sasa IS, Hasan AA, Qudeimat MA. Longevity of band and loop space maintainers using glass ionomer cement: A prospective study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009;10:6-10.
  • 56. Johnsen DC. Space observation following loss of the mandibular first primary molars in mixed dentition. ASDC J Dent Child 1980;47:24-7.
  • 57. Yeluri R, Munshi AK. Fiber reinforced composite loop space maintainer: An alternative to the conventional band and loop. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012 Apr;3(Suppl 1):S26-8.
  • 58. Eda Arat Maden, Ceyhan Altun, Use of Polyethylene Fiber (Ribbond) in Pediatric Dentistry Arch Clin Exp Surg 2012;1: 110-115.
  • 59. Bagis B, Satiroglu I, Korkmaz FM, Ates SM. Rehabilitation of an extracted anterior tooth space using fiber-reinforced composite and the natural tooth. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:191–4.
  • 60. Saravanakumar MS, Siddaramayya J, Sajjanar AB, Godhi BS, Reddy NS, Krishnam RP. Fiber technology in space maintainer: a clinical follow-up study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013 Nov 1;14(6):1070-5.
  • 61. Quirynen M, Bollen CML. The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supraand subgingival plaque formation in man. J Clin Periodontol, 1995; 22(1):1–14.
  • 62. Buergers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Streptococcal adhesion to novel low-shrink silorane-based restorative. Dent Mater 2009; 25(2):269–275.
  • 63. Bürgers R, Cariaga T, Müller R, Rosentritt M, Reischl U, Handel G, Hahnel S. Effects of aging on surface properties and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on various fissure sealants. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13(4):419–426.
  • 64. Barbosa RPDS, Pereira-Cenci T, Silva WMD, Coelho-de-Souza FH, Demarco FF, Cenci MS. Effect of cariogenic biofilm challenge on the surface hardness of direct restorative materials in situ. J Dent 2012 40(5): 359–363.
  • 65. 169. Müller C, Wald J, Hoth-Hannig W, Umanskaya N, Scholz D, Hannig M, Ziegler C. Protein adhesion on dental surfaces-a combined surface analytical approach. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2011 400(3):679–689.
  • 66. Venturini D, Cenci MS, Demarco FF, Camacho GB, Powers JM. Effect of polishing techniques and time on surface roughness, hardness and microleakage of resin composite restorations. Oper Dent 2006 31(1):11–17.
  • 67. Yeh ST, Wang HT, Liao HY, Su SL, Chang CC, Kao HC, Lee BS. The roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of nanocomposites after application of topical fluoride gels. Dent Mater 2011; 27(2):187–196.
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  • 69. Eliades T, Eliades G, Brantley WA. Microbial attachment on orthodontic appliances: I. Wettability and early pellicle formation on bracket materials. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995 Oct;108(4):351-60.
  • 70. Tanner J, Vallittu PK, Söderling E. Effect of water storage of E-glass fiber-reinforced composite on adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Biomaterials. 2001 Jun;22(12):1613-8.
  • 71. Jongsma MA, van der Mei HC, Atema-Smit J, Busscher HJ, Ren Y. In vivo biofilm formation on stainless steel bonded retainers during different oral health-care regimens. Int J Oral Sci. 2015 Mar 23;7(1):42-8.
  • 72. Quirynen M, Marechal M, Busscher HJ, Weerkamp AH, Darius PL, Steenberghe D. (1990). The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation. An in vivo study in man. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17(3);138–144.
  • 73. McConnell MD, Liu Y, Nowak AP, Pilch S, Masters JG, Composto RJ. Bacterial plaque retention on oral hard materials: Effect of surface roughness, surface composition, and physisorbed polycarboxylate. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010: 92(4);1518–1527.
  • 74. Mei L, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC, Ren Y. Influence of surface roughness on streptococcal adhesion forces to composite resins. Dent Mater 2011:27(8);770–778.
  • 75. Hosoya N, Honda K, Iino F, Arai T. Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching. J Dent 2003: 31(8);543–548.

EFFECT OF SPACE MAINTAINERS TO FORMATION OF ORAL BIOFILM-REVIEW

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 94 - 98, 31.08.2016

Öz


Dental caries is accepted the most important oral disease. Although the incidence of dental caries decreases day by day as a result of the many preventive treatments, it is stil an important health problem especially in developing countries. The formation of dental caries depends on several factors and the most important microorganism, S. mutans. Detailed oral microflora studies for adults have been performed and there are publications that indicate similar oral microflora on pediatric patients. However, there are still some deficiencies with regard to this subject in children. Difficulties on studying on children and changes depending on growth and development may regard as reasons for the deficiencies.


Space maintainers are typically used in pediatric dentistry to preserve the spaces left by primary teeth requiring extraction prior to their exfoliation time. Although, it is well known that the maintenance of these spaces prevents later complications such as crowding, ectopic eruption, impaction of successor teeth and malocclusion, the use of space maintainers has also been shown to result in an increased plaque accumulation, which can lead to dental caries and periodontal disease. In the studies, an increase in the incidence of S. mutans in children using space maintainer has been detected.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Gülhan A. Pedodonti. İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Basımevi ve Film Merkezi 1994;Yayın No:3832, İstanbul:59-86.
  • 2. Rao AK, Sarkar S. Changes in the arch length following premature loss of deciduous molars. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 1999 Mar;17(1):29-32.
  • 3. Ghafari J. Early Treatment of Dental Arch Problems I. Space Maintenance, Space Gaining. Quintessence Int 1986; 17:423-432.
  • 4. Kırzıoğlu Z, Ertürk SÖ. Success of Reinforced Fiber Material Space Maintainers. J Dent. Child 2004; 71: 158-162.
  • 5. Laing E, Ashley P, Naini FB, Gill DS. Space maintenance. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009 May;19(3):155-62.
  • 6. Baroni C, Franchini A, Rimondini L. Survival of Different Types of Space Maintainers Pediatr Dent 1994; 16: 360-361.
  • 7. Rajab LD. Clinical performance and survival of space maintainers: evaluation over a period of 5 years. ASDC J Dent Child. 2002 May-Aug;69(2):156-60, 124.
  • 8. Qudeimat MA, Fayle SA. The longevity of space maintainers: a retrospective study. Pediatr Dent. 1998 Jul-Aug;20(4):267-72.
  • 9. Ngan P, Alkire RG, Fields H Jr. Management of space problems in the primary and mixed dentitions. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 Sep;130(9):1330-9. Review.
  • 10. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd Ed. St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier, 1999.
  • 11. Brill WA. The distal shoe space maintainer chairside fabrication and clinical performance. Pediatr Dent 2002;24(6):561-5.
  • 12. Mayhew MJ, Dilley GJ, Dilley DC, Jacoway J, Johnson PT. Tissue response to intragingival appliances in monkeys. Pediatr Dent 1984;6(3):148-52.
  • 13. Burstone CJ. Precision lingual arches. Active applications. J Clin Orthod 1989;23(2):101-9.
  • 14. Burstone CJ, Manhartsberger C. Precision lingual arches. Passive applications. J Clin Orthod1988;22(7):444-51.
  • 15. McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry For Child And Adolescent. St. Louis CV Mosby, 2004: 627-682.
  • 16. Artun J, Marstrander PB. Clinical efficiency of two different types of direct bonded space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child 1983;50(3):197-204.
  • 17. Pruhs RJ. The use of stainless steel crowns in the construction of space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child 1978;45(4):293-5.
  • 18. Kargul B, Caglar E, Kabalay U. Glass fiber reinforced composite resin space maintainer: case reports. J Dent Child 2003;70(3):258-61.
  • 19. Athanasiou A, Farsaris N. New universal space maintainer. J Clin Orthod 1984;18(8):570-1.
  • 20. Santos VL, Almeida MA, Mello HS, Keith O. Direct bonded space maintainers. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1993;17(4):221-5.
  • 21. Swaine TJ, Wright GZ. Direct bonding applied to space maintenance. ASDC J Dent Child 1976;43(6):401-5.
  • 22. Rutter PR, Abbott A. A study of the interaction between oral streptococci and hard surfaces. J Gen Microbiol 1978;105:219-26.
  • 23. Larsson K, Glantz PO. Microbial adhesion to surfaces with different surface charges. Acta Odontol Scand 1981;39:79-82.
  • 24. Minagi S, Miyake Y, Inagaki K, Tsum H, Suginaka H. Hydrophobic interaction inCandida albicans and Candida tropicalis adherence to various denture base resin materials. Infect Immun 1985;47:11-4.
  • 25. Van Pelt AW, Weerkamp AH, Uyen MHWJC, Busscher HJ, DeJong HP, Arends J. Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis CH3 to polymers with different surface free energies. Appl Envir Microbiol 1985;49:1270-5.
  • 26. Satou J, Fukunaga A, Satou N, Shintani H, Okuda K. Streptococcal adherence on various restorative materials. J Dent Res 1988;67:588-91.
  • 27. Arendorf T, Addy M: Candidal carriage and plaque distribution before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1985; 12: 360–368.
  • 28. Arikan F, Eronat N, Candan U, et al: Periodontal conditions associated with space maintainers following two different dental health education techniques. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2007; 31: 229–234.
  • 29. Gomes SC, Varela CC, da Veiga SL, et al: Periodontal conditions in subjects following orthodontic therapy. A preliminary study. Eur J Orthod 2007; 29: 477–481.
  • 30. Ireland AJ, Soro V, Sprague SV, et al: The effects of different orthodontic appliances upon microbial communities. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; 17: 115–123.
  • 31. Janson G, Bombonatti R, Brandão AG, Henriques JF, de Freitas MR. Comparative radiographic evaluation of the alveolar bone crest after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Aug;124(2):157-64.
  • 32. Sallum EJ, Nouer DF, Klein MI, Gonçalves RB, Machion L, Wilson Sallum A, Sallum EA. Clinical and microbiologic changes after removal of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Sep;126(3):363-6.
  • 33. Budtz-Jørgensen E. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of chemical immersion cleansers for patients with denture stomatitis. Quintessenz. 1984 Oct;35(10):1933-40.
  • 34. Cannon RD, Holmes AR, Mason AB, Monk BC. Oral Candida: clearance, colonization, or candidiasis? J Dent Res. 1995 May;74(5):1152-61.
  • 35. Griffiths GS, Addy M. Effects of malalignment of teeth in the anterior segment on plaque accumulation. J Clin Periodontol 1981;8:81-90.
  • 36. Addy M, Griffiths GS, Dummer PM, Kingdon A, Hicks R, Hunter ML, et al. The association between tooth irregularity and plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and caries in 11-12-year-old children. Eur J Orthod 1988;10:76-83.
  • 37. Alexander AG, Tipnis AK. The effect of irregularity of teeth and the degree of overbite and overjet on gingival health. Br Dent J 1970;128:539-47.
  • 38. Beagrie GS, James GA. The association of posterior tooth irregularity and periodontal disease. Br Dent J 1962;113:239-43.
  • 39. Kloehn JS, Pfeifer JS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium. Angle Orthod 1974;44:127-34.
  • 40. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 1972;42:26-34.
  • 41. Zachrisson BU. Cause and prevention of injuries to teeth and supporting structures during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod 1976;69:285-300.
  • 42. Boyd RL. Longitudinal evaluation of a system for self-monitoring plaque control effectiveness in orthodontic patients. J Clin Periodontol 1983;10:380-8.
  • 43. Alexander SA. Effects of orthodontic attachments on the gingival health of permanent second molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:337-40.
  • 44. Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnet AJ. Incidence of spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod 1982;81:93-8.
  • 45. Ogaard B. Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19 year olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96: 423 -7.
  • 46. Balenseifen JW, Madonia JV. Study of dental plaque in orthodontic patients. J Dent Res 1970;49:320-4.
  • 47. Menzaghi N, Saletta M, Garattini G, Brambilla E, Strohmenger L. Changes in the yeast oral flora in patients in orthodontic treatment. Prev Assist Dent 1991;17:26-30.
  • 48. Rosenbloom RG, Tinanoff N. Salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients before, during and after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:35-7.
  • 49. Forsberg CM, Brattström V, Maimberg E, Nord CE. Ligature wires and elastomeric rings: two methods of ligation, and their association with microbial colonization of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eur J Orthod 1991;13:416-20.
  • 50. Saemundsson SR, Bergmann H, Magnúsdóttir MO, Holbrook WP. Dental caries and Streptococcus mutans in a rural child population in Iceland. Scand J Dent Res 1992; 100:299-303.
  • 51. Sansone C, Van Houte J, Jodhipura K, Kent R, Margolis,HC. The association of mutans streptococci and non-mutans streptococci capable of acidogenesis at low pH with dental caries on enamel and root surfaces. J Dent Res 1993;72:50816.
  • 52. Simsek S, Yilmaz Y, Gurbuz T. Clinical evaluation of simple fixed space maintainers bonded with flow composite resin. J Dent Child 2004 May-Aug;71(2):163-8.
  • 53. 157. Croll TP. Prevention of gingival submergence of fixed unilateral space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child 1982;49:48-51.
  • 54. Garg A, Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Saha S. 'Metal to resin': a comparative evaluation of conventional band and loop space maintainer with the fiber reinforced composite resin space maintainer in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2014 Apr-Jun;32(2):111-6.
  • 55. Sasa IS, Hasan AA, Qudeimat MA. Longevity of band and loop space maintainers using glass ionomer cement: A prospective study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009;10:6-10.
  • 56. Johnsen DC. Space observation following loss of the mandibular first primary molars in mixed dentition. ASDC J Dent Child 1980;47:24-7.
  • 57. Yeluri R, Munshi AK. Fiber reinforced composite loop space maintainer: An alternative to the conventional band and loop. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012 Apr;3(Suppl 1):S26-8.
  • 58. Eda Arat Maden, Ceyhan Altun, Use of Polyethylene Fiber (Ribbond) in Pediatric Dentistry Arch Clin Exp Surg 2012;1: 110-115.
  • 59. Bagis B, Satiroglu I, Korkmaz FM, Ates SM. Rehabilitation of an extracted anterior tooth space using fiber-reinforced composite and the natural tooth. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:191–4.
  • 60. Saravanakumar MS, Siddaramayya J, Sajjanar AB, Godhi BS, Reddy NS, Krishnam RP. Fiber technology in space maintainer: a clinical follow-up study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013 Nov 1;14(6):1070-5.
  • 61. Quirynen M, Bollen CML. The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supraand subgingival plaque formation in man. J Clin Periodontol, 1995; 22(1):1–14.
  • 62. Buergers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Streptococcal adhesion to novel low-shrink silorane-based restorative. Dent Mater 2009; 25(2):269–275.
  • 63. Bürgers R, Cariaga T, Müller R, Rosentritt M, Reischl U, Handel G, Hahnel S. Effects of aging on surface properties and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on various fissure sealants. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13(4):419–426.
  • 64. Barbosa RPDS, Pereira-Cenci T, Silva WMD, Coelho-de-Souza FH, Demarco FF, Cenci MS. Effect of cariogenic biofilm challenge on the surface hardness of direct restorative materials in situ. J Dent 2012 40(5): 359–363.
  • 65. 169. Müller C, Wald J, Hoth-Hannig W, Umanskaya N, Scholz D, Hannig M, Ziegler C. Protein adhesion on dental surfaces-a combined surface analytical approach. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2011 400(3):679–689.
  • 66. Venturini D, Cenci MS, Demarco FF, Camacho GB, Powers JM. Effect of polishing techniques and time on surface roughness, hardness and microleakage of resin composite restorations. Oper Dent 2006 31(1):11–17.
  • 67. Yeh ST, Wang HT, Liao HY, Su SL, Chang CC, Kao HC, Lee BS. The roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of nanocomposites after application of topical fluoride gels. Dent Mater 2011; 27(2):187–196.
  • 68. Altay N. Yer tutucuların temizliğinin basit bir yöntem ile değerlendirilmesi G.Ü. Dişhek. Fak. Der. Cilt IX, Sayı 2, Sayfa 173-180, 1992.
  • 69. Eliades T, Eliades G, Brantley WA. Microbial attachment on orthodontic appliances: I. Wettability and early pellicle formation on bracket materials. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995 Oct;108(4):351-60.
  • 70. Tanner J, Vallittu PK, Söderling E. Effect of water storage of E-glass fiber-reinforced composite on adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Biomaterials. 2001 Jun;22(12):1613-8.
  • 71. Jongsma MA, van der Mei HC, Atema-Smit J, Busscher HJ, Ren Y. In vivo biofilm formation on stainless steel bonded retainers during different oral health-care regimens. Int J Oral Sci. 2015 Mar 23;7(1):42-8.
  • 72. Quirynen M, Marechal M, Busscher HJ, Weerkamp AH, Darius PL, Steenberghe D. (1990). The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation. An in vivo study in man. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17(3);138–144.
  • 73. McConnell MD, Liu Y, Nowak AP, Pilch S, Masters JG, Composto RJ. Bacterial plaque retention on oral hard materials: Effect of surface roughness, surface composition, and physisorbed polycarboxylate. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010: 92(4);1518–1527.
  • 74. Mei L, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC, Ren Y. Influence of surface roughness on streptococcal adhesion forces to composite resins. Dent Mater 2011:27(8);770–778.
  • 75. Hosoya N, Honda K, Iino F, Arai T. Changes in enamel surface roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel after vital bleaching. J Dent 2003: 31(8);543–548.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Begüm Gök

Zuhal Kırzıoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gök, B., & Kırzıoğlu, Z. (2016). YER TUTUCU APAREYLERİN ORAL BİYOFİLM OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ –DERLEME. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 94-98.

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