Blokzinciri Teknolojisi Nedir ? Ne Değildir ?: Alanyazın İncelemesi

Mustafa Tanrıverdi; Mevlüt Uysal; Mutlu Tahsin Üstündağ

doi:10.17671/gazibtd.547122

Derleme

What is Blockchain Technology? What isn’t?: Literature Review

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 203 - 217, 31.07.2019

Mustafa Tanrıverdi Mevlüt Uysal Mutlu Tahsin Üstündağ

https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.547122

Cited By: 20

Öz

Information
and communication technologies that change our ways of doing business and our
habits today continue its role without interrupting the pace. It is important
that countries, policymakers, researchers and the technologies that are heavily
influenced by the business world to adapt these rapid changes and to include
technologies that will contribute in business processes. At this point, the
concept of blockchain, in which we speak the digital coins, resembles the
concept of internet that emerged in the late 20th century. Blockchain
technology differs from the existing database logic and distributes the powers
of the central authority to each node in the chain and provides the authority
and responsibility sharing. It is important to understand the concept of blokchain not only related to digital money, but also
with its properties like distributed structure, data security and transparency
in combination with technologies such as consensus protocols, security
structures and smart contracts. When the literature is examined, it is seen
that even the researchers do not understand the technology and structure of the
blokchain and try to produce the wrong models and solutions to the needs. It
should not be forgotten that research using the advantage of the innovation
effect of this technology should give due attention to the proper use and
integration of the blockchain structure and contribute to the competitive
business world. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce the technology
correctly through a comprehensive literature review, to eliminate the
deficiency in the national literature and to help researchers to think about
the subject by introducing good practices from different fields.

Anahtar Kelimeler

blockchain, literature review, smart contracts, consensus protocols

Kaynakça

K. Sultan, U. Ruhi, and R. Lakhani, “Conceptualizing Blockchains: Characteristics and Applications,” in 11th IADIS International Conference on Information Systems, 2018, pp. 49–57.
Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Size by Type, End-User, Allied Market Research Report, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/blockchain-distributed-ledger-market. [Accessed: 14-Nov-2018].
R. Anascavage and N. Davis, “Blockchain Technology: A Literature Review,” May 2018.
D. Tapscott and A. Tapscott, Blockchain revolution : how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world, 2016.
S. Haber and W. S. Stornetta, “How to time-stamp a digital document,” J. Cryptol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 99–111, 1991.
S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.”
K. Zīle and R. Strazdiņa, “Blockchain Use Cases and Their Feasibility,” Appl. Comput. Syst., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 12–20, May 2018.
R. Beck, “Beyond Bitcoin: The Rise of Blockchain World,” Computer (Long. Beach. Calif)., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 54–58, Feb. 2018.
Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends,” in Proceedings - 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2017, 2017, pp. 557–564.
A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, and M. Díaz, “On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities,” Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 88, pp. 173–190, Nov. 2018.
F. Glaser, “Pervasive Decentralisation of Digital Infrastructures: A Framework for Blockchain enabled System and Use Case Analysis,” HICSS, 2017.
B. A. Tama, B. J. Kweka, Y. Park, and K.-H. Rhee, “A critical review of blockchain and its current applications,” in 2017 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS), 2017, pp. 109–113.
H. Halpin and M. Piekarska, “Introduction to Security and Privacy on the Blockchain,” in 2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW), 2017, pp. 1–3.
F. Hawlitschek, B. Notheisen, and T. Teubner, “The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy,” Electron. Commer. Res. Appl., vol. 29, pp. 50–63, May 2018.
J. L. Zhao, S. Fan, and J. Yan, “Overview of business innovations and research opportunities in blockchain and introduction to the special issue,” Financ. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 28, Dec. 2016.
I. Nath, “Data Exchange Platform to Fight Insurance Fraud on Blockchain,” in 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2016, pp. 821–825.
A. Lewis, “So, You Want to Use a Blockchain for That? - CoinDesk.” [Online]. Available: https://www.coindesk.com/want-use-blockchain/. [Accessed: 09-Nov-2018].
V. Gatteschi, F. Lamberti, C. Demartini, C. Pranteda, and V. Santamaria, “To Blockchain or Not to Blockchain: That Is the Question,” IT Prof., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 62–74, Mar. 2018.
J. C. Cheng, N. Y. Lee, C. Chi, and Y. H. Chen, “Blockchain and smart contract for digital certificate,” in Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation 2018, ICASI 2018, 2018, pp. 1046–1051.
M. Swan, Blockchain: {Blueprint} for a {New} {Economy}. 2015.
D. Efanov and P. Roschin, “The all-pervasiveness of the blockchain technology,” in Procedia Computer Science, 2018, vol. 123, pp. 116–121.
K. Burgess, “The Promise of Bitcoin and the Blockchain,” Consum. Res. Prim., 2015.
S. Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A., and Goldfede, Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction. 2016.
T. Moore, “The promise and perils of digital currencies,” Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot., vol. 6, no. 3–4, pp. 147–149, Dec. 2013.
J. Sun, J. Yan, and K. Z. K. Zhang, “Blockchain-based sharing services: What blockchain technology can contribute to smart cities,” Financ. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 26, Dec. 2016.
J. J. Sikorski, J. Haughton, and M. Kraft, “Blockchain technology in the chemical industry: Machine-to-machine electricity market,” Appl. Energy, vol. 195, pp. 234–246, Jun. 2017.
A. Azaria, A. Ekblaw, T. Vieira, and A. Lippman, “MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management,” in 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD), 2016, pp. 25–30.
Y. Cai and D. Zhu, “Fraud detections for online businesses: a perspective from blockchain technology,” Financ. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 20, Dec. 2016.
V. Buterin, “On Public and Private Blockchains,” Ethereum Blog Crypto renaissance salon, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/08/07/on-public-and-private-blockchains/. [Accessed: 20-Nov-2018].
D. Puthal, N. Malik, S. P. Mohanty, E. Kougianos, and G. Das, “Everything You Wanted to Know about the Blockchain: Its Promise, Components, Processes, and Problems,” IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 6–14, Jul. 2018.
M. E. Peck, “Blockchain world - Do you need a blockchain? This chart will tell you if the technology can solve your problem,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 38–60, Oct. 2017.
F. A. Abadi, J. Ellul, and G. Azzopardi, “The Blockchain of Things , Beyond Bitcoin : A Systematic Review The Blockchain of Things , Beyond Bitcoin : A Systematic Review,” no. July, 2018.
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S. King, “Primecoin: Cryptocurrency with prime number proof-of-work. http://primecoin.io/bin/primecoin-paper.pdf.” .
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Blokzinciri Teknolojisi Nedir ? Ne Değildir ?: Alanyazın İncelemesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 203 - 217, 31.07.2019

Mustafa Tanrıverdi Mevlüt Uysal Mutlu Tahsin Üstündağ

https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.547122

Cited By: 20

Öz

Günümüzde iş yapış
şekillerimiz ve alışkanlıklarımızı değiştiren bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri
hızını kesmeden rolünü devam ettirmektedir. Bu hızlı değişime ülkeler, politika
belirleyiciler, araştırmacılar ve bunlardan ciddi şekilde etkilenen iş dünyasının
ayak uydurması ve katkı sağlayacak teknolojilerin iş süreçlerine dahil edilmesi
önemlidir. Bu noktada dijital paralarla adını konuşur olduğumuz blokzinciri
(blockchain) kavramı ortaya çıkış şekli ve hızı 20.yy sonlarında ortaya çıkan
internet kavramına benzemektedir. Blokzinciri teknolojisi mevcut veri tabanı
mantığından farklı olarak merkezi otoritedeki yetkilerin zincirdeki her bir
düğüme dağıtılarak yetki ve sorumluluk paylaşımını sağlamaktadır. Blokzinciri kavramının
insanların algıladığı gibi sadece dijital paralarla ilgili olmadığı, dağıtık
yapısı, veri güvenliği ve şeffaflık gibi özelliklerinin yanında barındırdığı uzlaşma
protokolleri, güvenlik yapıları ve akıllı sözleşmeler gibi teknolojiler ile birlikte
kullanımının anlaşılması önemlidir. Alanyazın incelendiğinde araştırmacıların
bile blokzinciri teknolojisini ve yapısını doğru anlamadığı, ihtiyaçlara yanlış
model ve çözümler üretme çabasında oldukları görülmektedir. Bu teknolojinin
yenilik etkisinin avantajını kullanarak yapılan araştırmaların, blokzinciri
yapısının doğru kullanımı ve entegrasyonuna gerekli özeni verip rekabetçi iş
dünyasına katkı sağlaması gerektiğini de unutmamak gerekir. Bu nedenle bu
araştırmanın amacı kapsamlı bir alanyazın taraması ile teknolojiyi doğru tanıtmak,
ulusal alanyazında yer alan eksikliği gidermek ve farklı alanlardan iyi
uygulamaları tanıtarak araştırmacılara konu üzerinde düşünmelerine yardımcı
olmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

blokzinciri, alanyazın taraması, akıllı sözleşmeler, uzlaşma protokolleri

Kaynakça

K. Sultan, U. Ruhi, and R. Lakhani, “Conceptualizing Blockchains: Characteristics and Applications,” in 11th IADIS International Conference on Information Systems, 2018, pp. 49–57.
Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Size by Type, End-User, Allied Market Research Report, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/blockchain-distributed-ledger-market. [Accessed: 14-Nov-2018].
R. Anascavage and N. Davis, “Blockchain Technology: A Literature Review,” May 2018.
D. Tapscott and A. Tapscott, Blockchain revolution : how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world, 2016.
S. Haber and W. S. Stornetta, “How to time-stamp a digital document,” J. Cryptol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 99–111, 1991.
S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.”
K. Zīle and R. Strazdiņa, “Blockchain Use Cases and Their Feasibility,” Appl. Comput. Syst., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 12–20, May 2018.
R. Beck, “Beyond Bitcoin: The Rise of Blockchain World,” Computer (Long. Beach. Calif)., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 54–58, Feb. 2018.
Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends,” in Proceedings - 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2017, 2017, pp. 557–564.
A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, and M. Díaz, “On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities,” Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 88, pp. 173–190, Nov. 2018.
F. Glaser, “Pervasive Decentralisation of Digital Infrastructures: A Framework for Blockchain enabled System and Use Case Analysis,” HICSS, 2017.
B. A. Tama, B. J. Kweka, Y. Park, and K.-H. Rhee, “A critical review of blockchain and its current applications,” in 2017 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS), 2017, pp. 109–113.
H. Halpin and M. Piekarska, “Introduction to Security and Privacy on the Blockchain,” in 2017 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW), 2017, pp. 1–3.
F. Hawlitschek, B. Notheisen, and T. Teubner, “The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy,” Electron. Commer. Res. Appl., vol. 29, pp. 50–63, May 2018.
J. L. Zhao, S. Fan, and J. Yan, “Overview of business innovations and research opportunities in blockchain and introduction to the special issue,” Financ. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 28, Dec. 2016.
I. Nath, “Data Exchange Platform to Fight Insurance Fraud on Blockchain,” in 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2016, pp. 821–825.
A. Lewis, “So, You Want to Use a Blockchain for That? - CoinDesk.” [Online]. Available: https://www.coindesk.com/want-use-blockchain/. [Accessed: 09-Nov-2018].
V. Gatteschi, F. Lamberti, C. Demartini, C. Pranteda, and V. Santamaria, “To Blockchain or Not to Blockchain: That Is the Question,” IT Prof., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 62–74, Mar. 2018.
J. C. Cheng, N. Y. Lee, C. Chi, and Y. H. Chen, “Blockchain and smart contract for digital certificate,” in Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation 2018, ICASI 2018, 2018, pp. 1046–1051.
M. Swan, Blockchain: {Blueprint} for a {New} {Economy}. 2015.
D. Efanov and P. Roschin, “The all-pervasiveness of the blockchain technology,” in Procedia Computer Science, 2018, vol. 123, pp. 116–121.
K. Burgess, “The Promise of Bitcoin and the Blockchain,” Consum. Res. Prim., 2015.
S. Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A., and Goldfede, Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction. 2016.
T. Moore, “The promise and perils of digital currencies,” Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot., vol. 6, no. 3–4, pp. 147–149, Dec. 2013.
J. Sun, J. Yan, and K. Z. K. Zhang, “Blockchain-based sharing services: What blockchain technology can contribute to smart cities,” Financ. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 26, Dec. 2016.
J. J. Sikorski, J. Haughton, and M. Kraft, “Blockchain technology in the chemical industry: Machine-to-machine electricity market,” Appl. Energy, vol. 195, pp. 234–246, Jun. 2017.
A. Azaria, A. Ekblaw, T. Vieira, and A. Lippman, “MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management,” in 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD), 2016, pp. 25–30.
Y. Cai and D. Zhu, “Fraud detections for online businesses: a perspective from blockchain technology,” Financ. Innov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 20, Dec. 2016.
V. Buterin, “On Public and Private Blockchains,” Ethereum Blog Crypto renaissance salon, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/08/07/on-public-and-private-blockchains/. [Accessed: 20-Nov-2018].
D. Puthal, N. Malik, S. P. Mohanty, E. Kougianos, and G. Das, “Everything You Wanted to Know about the Blockchain: Its Promise, Components, Processes, and Problems,” IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 6–14, Jul. 2018.
M. E. Peck, “Blockchain world - Do you need a blockchain? This chart will tell you if the technology can solve your problem,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 38–60, Oct. 2017.
F. A. Abadi, J. Ellul, and G. Azzopardi, “The Blockchain of Things , Beyond Bitcoin : A Systematic Review The Blockchain of Things , Beyond Bitcoin : A Systematic Review,” no. July, 2018.
D. Lee Kuo Chuen, Handbook of digital currency : bitcoin, innovation, financial instruments, and big data. .
Crypto-Investing — A Simple Guide for Beginners – CryptoDigest. [Online]. Available: https://cryptodigestnews.com/crypto-investing-a-simple-guide-for-beginners-5608154c33dc. [Accessed: 07-Dec-2018].
L. Lamport, R. Shostak, and M. Pease, “The Byzantine Generals Problem,” ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 382–401, Jul. 1982.
S. King, “Primecoin: Cryptocurrency with prime number proof-of-work. http://primecoin.io/bin/primecoin-paper.pdf.” .
P. Vasin, “BlackCoin’s Proof-of-Stake Protocol v2,” Self-published, 2014.
Ppcoin: Peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof- of-stake. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265116876_PPCoin_Peer-to-Peer_Crypto-Currency_with_Proof-of-Stake. [Accessed: 16-Nov-2018].
D. G. Wood, “Ethereum: a Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger.” 2014.
V. Zamfir, “Introducing Casper ‘the Friendly Ghost,’” 2015. [Online]. Available: https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/08/01/introducing-casper-friendly-ghost/. [Accessed: 16-Nov-2018].
N.N., “Hyperledger Project,” Linux Foundation, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.hyperledger.org/. [Accessed: 16-Nov-2018].
J. Kim, “Stellar Consensus Protocol,” pp. 1–15.
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B. K. Mohanta, S. S. Panda, and D. Jena, “An Overview of Smart Contract and Use Cases in Blockchain Technology,” in 2018 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2018, pp. 1–4.
A. Bahga and V. K. Madisetti, “Blockchain Platform for Industrial Internet of Things.” 2016.
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C. K. Frantz and M. Nowostawski, “From institutions to code: Towards automated generation of smart contracts,” in Proceedings - IEEE 1st International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self-Systems, FAS-W 2016, 2016, pp. 210–215.
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Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Bilgisayar Yazılımı
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Mustafa Tanrıverdi Mevlüt Uysal Mutlu Tahsin Üstündağ
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi	30 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Tanrıverdi, M., Uysal, M., & Üstündağ, M. T. (2019). Blokzinciri Teknolojisi Nedir ? Ne Değildir ?: Alanyazın İncelemesi. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 12(3), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.547122