Öz
In this study, the drying of raw honey which has high
moisture content in a heat pump assisted hygienic dryer is theoretically
examined and, it was aimed to produce honey with optimum production and storage
conditions according to the Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Honey, with high
energy and drying efficiency and low energy consumption. Drying of raw honey to
17% from 40% moisture content (wet basis) was examined in terms of energy
consumption and drying time; the time required for evaporation of excess
moisture from 1 kilogram of honey at 40 °C and 1 m/s drying air conditions was
calculated as 0.29 hours. Energy-drying efficiency, specific energy
consumption, moisture extraction rate and the coefficient of the performance of
the whole drying system were calculated as 27.11%, 30.01%, 2.64 kWh/kg, 0.96
kg/h and 2.65, respectively. The presented design is supported by the results
of the analyzes in terms of the energy consumption and drying time and
therefore, this system has proposed as a system that can be used in the
industry for the production of high quality honey.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] Ouchemoukh, S., Louaileche, H., Schweitzer, P. “Physicochemical characteristics and pollen spectrum of some Algerian honeys”, Food Control, 18 : 52–58, (2007).
- [2] Kumar, K.P.S. Bhowmik, D., Biswajit, C., and Chandira, M.R. “Medicinal uses and health benefits of Honey: An Overview”, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1): 385-395, (2010).
- [3] Ediriweera, E. R. H. S. S. and Premarathna1 N. Y. S. Medicinal and cosmetic uses of Bee’s Honey - A review, DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.105233.
- [4] Kasolia, D.J. “Effects of Processing Conditions and Storage on Honey Quality”, Master Thesis, Nairobi University, (1991).
- [5] Singh, N., and Bath P.K. “Quality evaluation of different types of Indian honey”, Food Chemistry, 58(1-2):129-133, (1997).
- [6] Gill, R.S., Hans, V.S., Singh, S., Singh, P.P. and Dhaliwal S.S. (2015) A small scale honey dehydrator, J Food Sci Technol., 52(10):6695–6702, DOI 10.1007/s13197-015-1760-0.
- [7] Wakhle, D.M. “Beekeeping technology–production, characteristics and uses of honey and other products”, In book of Perspectives in Indian Apiculture; Mishra RC, Garg R Agro Botanica, Bikaner, pp150-186, (1997-98).
- [8] Sanz S, Gradillas G, Jimeno F, Perez C, Juan T “Fermentation Problem in Spanish North-Coast Honey”, J Food Prot 58(5):473–578, (1995).
- [9] Hebbar, H.U., Nandini, K.E., Lakshmi, M.C. and Subramanian, R. “Microwave and Infrared Heat Processing of Honey and Its Quality”, Food Sci. Technol. Res., 9(1):49–53, (2003).
- [10] Subramanian, R., Umesh Hebbar H. & Rastogi, N.K. “Processing of Honey: A Review”, International Journal of Food Properties, 10: 127–143, (2007).
- [11] Cui Z-W, Sun L-J, ChenWei, Sun D-W “Preparation of dry honey by microwave–vacuum drying”, J Food Eng, 84(4): 582–590. doi: 10. 1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.06.027, (2008).
- [12] Semkiw, P., Skowrenek, W., Skubida, P. “Changes in Water Content of Honey During Ripening Under Controlled Condition”, Journal of Apicultural Science, 52 (1): 57-63, (2008).
- [13] Nurhadi, B., Andoyo, R., Indiarto, M. & Indiarto, R “Study the properties of honey powder produced from spray drying and vacuum drying method”, International Food Research Journal, 19 (3): 907-912, (2012).
- [14] Alam, Md.S., Sharma, D.K., Sehgal, V. K. Arora, M. and Bhatia S. “Development and evaluation of low cost honey heating-cum-filtration system”, J Food Sci Technol., 51(11): 3476–3481, doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0863-0, (2014).
- [15] Singh, S., Gill, R.S. and Singh P.P. “Desiccant honey dehydrator”, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 32(2): 62-69, DOI: 10.1080/01430750.2011.584450, (2011).
- [16] Aktaş, M., Taşeri, L., Şevik, S., Gülcü, M., Uysal Seçkin, G., Dolgun E.C. “Heat pump drying of grape pomace: Performance and product quality analysis”, Drying Technology, https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2018.1536983, (2019).
- [17] Abuşka, M. ve Doğan, H. “Endüstriyel Tip Isı Pompalı Kurutucuda Çekirdeksiz Üzümün Kurutulması”, Politeknik Dergisi, 13 (4): 271-279, (2010).
- [18] Aktaş, M. “Güneş Enerjisi ve Isı Pompası Destekli Bir Kurutucuda Kırmızıbiber Kurutulmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi”, Politeknik Dergisi, 13(1):1-6, (2010).
- [19] Mujumdar, A.S. “Drying Technology in agriculture and food science”. Science Publishers, Inc, Enfield, USA.313 p. (2001).
- [20] Raghavan, G.S., Valerie, O. “Drying of agroproducts and grains”, Proceeding of IWSID 2004, Mumbi, India, (2004).
- [21] Ünlü G., Boran K., Aktaş M., ve Khanları A., “İnfrared enerjili - ısı pompalı plc kontrollü bir kurutucuda kabak çekirdeği kurutulması”, Politeknik Dergisi, 21(3): 519-525, (2018).
- [22] Aghbashlo, M., Mobli, H., Rafiee, S., Madadlou, A. “Energy and exergy analyses of the spray drying process of fish oil microencapsulation”, Biosystems Engineering, 111(2): 229–41, (2012).
- [23] Tebliğ, Türk Gıda Kodeksi, Bal Tebliği, Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığından, Tebliğ No: 2005/49.
Öz
Bu çalışmada,
yüksek nem içeriğine sahip ham balın ısı pompası destekli hijyenik bir
kurutucuda kurutulması teorik olarak incelenmiş, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal
Tebliği’ne göre ideal üretim ve depolanma koşullarına sahip balın yüksek
enerji-kurutma verimi ve düşük enerji tüketimi ile üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Ham balın %40 nem içeriğinden %17 (yaş bazda) nem içeriğine kadar kurutulması,
enerji tüketimi ve kurutma süresi açısından incelenmiş; 40 °C ve 1 m/s kurutma
havası şartlarında 1 kilogram balın içerisindeki fazla nemin uzaklaştırılması
için gereken süre 0.29 saat olarak hesaplanmıştır. Enerji-kurutma verimliliği,
özgül enerji tüketimi, nem alma hızı ve tüm sistem için ısı pompasının etkinlik
katsayısı sırasıyla %27.11, %30.01, 2.64 kWh/kg, 0.96 kg/s ve 2.65 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen veriler ile sunulan tasarımın
enerji tüketimi ve kuruma süresi açısından uygunluğu saptanmış olup, sistem
kaliteli bal eldesi için endüstride kullanılabilecek bir sistem olarak
önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] Ouchemoukh, S., Louaileche, H., Schweitzer, P. “Physicochemical characteristics and pollen spectrum of some Algerian honeys”, Food Control, 18 : 52–58, (2007).
- [2] Kumar, K.P.S. Bhowmik, D., Biswajit, C., and Chandira, M.R. “Medicinal uses and health benefits of Honey: An Overview”, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1): 385-395, (2010).
- [3] Ediriweera, E. R. H. S. S. and Premarathna1 N. Y. S. Medicinal and cosmetic uses of Bee’s Honey - A review, DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.105233.
- [4] Kasolia, D.J. “Effects of Processing Conditions and Storage on Honey Quality”, Master Thesis, Nairobi University, (1991).
- [5] Singh, N., and Bath P.K. “Quality evaluation of different types of Indian honey”, Food Chemistry, 58(1-2):129-133, (1997).
- [6] Gill, R.S., Hans, V.S., Singh, S., Singh, P.P. and Dhaliwal S.S. (2015) A small scale honey dehydrator, J Food Sci Technol., 52(10):6695–6702, DOI 10.1007/s13197-015-1760-0.
- [7] Wakhle, D.M. “Beekeeping technology–production, characteristics and uses of honey and other products”, In book of Perspectives in Indian Apiculture; Mishra RC, Garg R Agro Botanica, Bikaner, pp150-186, (1997-98).
- [8] Sanz S, Gradillas G, Jimeno F, Perez C, Juan T “Fermentation Problem in Spanish North-Coast Honey”, J Food Prot 58(5):473–578, (1995).
- [9] Hebbar, H.U., Nandini, K.E., Lakshmi, M.C. and Subramanian, R. “Microwave and Infrared Heat Processing of Honey and Its Quality”, Food Sci. Technol. Res., 9(1):49–53, (2003).
- [10] Subramanian, R., Umesh Hebbar H. & Rastogi, N.K. “Processing of Honey: A Review”, International Journal of Food Properties, 10: 127–143, (2007).
- [11] Cui Z-W, Sun L-J, ChenWei, Sun D-W “Preparation of dry honey by microwave–vacuum drying”, J Food Eng, 84(4): 582–590. doi: 10. 1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.06.027, (2008).
- [12] Semkiw, P., Skowrenek, W., Skubida, P. “Changes in Water Content of Honey During Ripening Under Controlled Condition”, Journal of Apicultural Science, 52 (1): 57-63, (2008).
- [13] Nurhadi, B., Andoyo, R., Indiarto, M. & Indiarto, R “Study the properties of honey powder produced from spray drying and vacuum drying method”, International Food Research Journal, 19 (3): 907-912, (2012).
- [14] Alam, Md.S., Sharma, D.K., Sehgal, V. K. Arora, M. and Bhatia S. “Development and evaluation of low cost honey heating-cum-filtration system”, J Food Sci Technol., 51(11): 3476–3481, doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0863-0, (2014).
- [15] Singh, S., Gill, R.S. and Singh P.P. “Desiccant honey dehydrator”, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 32(2): 62-69, DOI: 10.1080/01430750.2011.584450, (2011).
- [16] Aktaş, M., Taşeri, L., Şevik, S., Gülcü, M., Uysal Seçkin, G., Dolgun E.C. “Heat pump drying of grape pomace: Performance and product quality analysis”, Drying Technology, https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2018.1536983, (2019).
- [17] Abuşka, M. ve Doğan, H. “Endüstriyel Tip Isı Pompalı Kurutucuda Çekirdeksiz Üzümün Kurutulması”, Politeknik Dergisi, 13 (4): 271-279, (2010).
- [18] Aktaş, M. “Güneş Enerjisi ve Isı Pompası Destekli Bir Kurutucuda Kırmızıbiber Kurutulmasının Deneysel İncelenmesi”, Politeknik Dergisi, 13(1):1-6, (2010).
- [19] Mujumdar, A.S. “Drying Technology in agriculture and food science”. Science Publishers, Inc, Enfield, USA.313 p. (2001).
- [20] Raghavan, G.S., Valerie, O. “Drying of agroproducts and grains”, Proceeding of IWSID 2004, Mumbi, India, (2004).
- [21] Ünlü G., Boran K., Aktaş M., ve Khanları A., “İnfrared enerjili - ısı pompalı plc kontrollü bir kurutucuda kabak çekirdeği kurutulması”, Politeknik Dergisi, 21(3): 519-525, (2018).
- [22] Aghbashlo, M., Mobli, H., Rafiee, S., Madadlou, A. “Energy and exergy analyses of the spray drying process of fish oil microencapsulation”, Biosystems Engineering, 111(2): 229–41, (2012).
- [23] Tebliğ, Türk Gıda Kodeksi, Bal Tebliği, Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığından, Tebliğ No: 2005/49.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 13 Şubat 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Design of a Coal Drying System with Solar-Assisted Heat Pump and Waste Heat Utilisation
International Journal of Thermodynamics
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1219737
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