Öz
The
greenhouse is an agricultural structure which provides the necessary growth
factors for plant production and enables the mechanization of the crops. Greenhouse
cultivation is one of the most important income generating branches of
agriculture. Nowadays, computer software’s are used for anything as it is being used for
planning greenhouses, more robust construction and economical results are
obtained this way. Business owners,
investing their money in greenhouses, are copying the structural features of
existing greenhouses with all wrong calculated parameters and errors. Leaving
their valuable cash and future of their investment in the hands of an
iron-smith. As a result, the greenhouses which are built without static and
strength calculations, more materials are used, or insecure constructions are
being applied. When an economic loss occurs depending on structural damage, it
will unavoidably lead to economic losses for farmers and implicitly for the
country. This study, emphasizes the structural analyses of a one-span glass covered
gable-roofed greenhouse, having an area of 720 m2 located in Antalya
province. Structural analysis of the greenhouse was made with SAP2000 program.
Mechanical properties of steel used in gable roofs, glass covered greenhouse's,
theoretical load calculations are made depending on the TS 498 and TS EN
13031-1 Turkish standards. Variable loads on the greenhouse are calculated as
distributed loads with classical methods by analyzing the gable-roofed glass-covered
greenhouse according to load combinations (wind, plant, fixed) with SAP2000 program.
Also, although there is not a big difference in terms of cost, greenhouse
security is endangered as the required cross-section element is not used. With
an optimized area of 720 m2, the greenhouse saves 2.736 kg of
building material. An average of 11.8% of the building materials can be saved
in 1 decare area. Considering the same load conditions; the use of SAP2000
analysis reduces the cost, and there is no change in strength.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Greenhouse Construction SAP2000 (Structural Analysis Program) Analyses
Kaynakça
- Anonymous, (1997). Turkish Standardization Institute TS 498 Design Loads for Buildings, Account Values of Loads to be Taken into Consideration the Dimensioning of Structural Elements. Turkish Standards Institute. ICS 91.040 Ankara (Turkish)
- Anonymous, (2003). Turkish Standardization Institute TS EN 13031-1 Greenhouses Design and Construction Part 1: Commercial Production Greenhouses ICS 65.040.030 Ankara (Turkish)
- Anonymous, (2012) Unit weights of materials http://www.muhendislikbilgileri.com/?pnum=26&pt=%C3%96NEML%C4%B0+%C3%96ZG%C3%9CL+A%C4%9EIRLIKLAR (Turkish) Accessed date: 22.03.2019
- Anonymous, (2017). General Directorate of Meteorology (MEVBIS) Long Term Climate data 1991-2017
- Anonymous, (2018). Greenhouse Potential and protective cover type for Turkey Turkish Statistical Institute https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr Accessed 05.11.2018
- Anonymous, (2019a) Antalya struggles to recover after devastating tornado Daily Sabah Turkey. https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/01/26/antalya-struggles-to-recover-after-devastating-tornado Accessed date: 22.03.2019
- Anonymous, (2019b). Whirlwind injures 38 in touristic Antalya News Turkey Local http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/whirlwind-injures-38-in-touristic-antalya-122412 Accessed date: 22.03.2019
- Baytorun, A. N., (1995) Greenhouses. (Turkish) Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Books Publication No.110 Adana, Turkey 1-374
- Baytorun, A.N., Gügercin, Ö. (2015). Improving Energy Efficiency in Greenhouses. Cukurova University Journal of Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 30 (2): 125-135. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/211157 (Turkish) Accessed date: 05.11.2018
- Boyacı, S., Akyüz, A., Baytorun, A.N., Çaylı, A. (2016). Determination of the Agricultural Potential of Kirsehir Province (Turkish) Nevsehir Journal of Science and Technology Volume 5 (2) 142-157 2016 DOI: 10.17100 / nevbiltek.284738
- Castilla, N., Hernandez, J. (2007) Greenhouse Technological Packages for High-Quality Crop Production ISHS Acta Horticulture 761:285-297 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.761.38 Accessed 03.05.2018
- Çağdaş, S., (2004) Modeling of Applied SAP2000 Building Systems Static and Dynamic Analysis. (Turkish) Turkmen Publishing, 593 s., İstanbul/ Turkey
- Doğaka, (2015). Eastern Mediterranean Development Agency TR63 Region Greenhouse (Coverage Plant Breeding) (Turkish) Sector Report 2015.pdf http://www.dogaka.gov.tr/Icerik/Dosya/www.dogaka.gov.tr_622_LK5L43WG_Seracilik-ortualti-Bitki-Yetistiriciligi-Sektor-Raporu-2015.pdf Accessed date:5.11.2018
- Eker M.M. (2012) Target in geothermal greenhouses, 30 thousand hectares. (Turkish) Geothermal Municipalities Magazine Number 6. s.5-14. http://jkbb.org.tr/User_Files/jkbb_dergi_6.pdf Access date: 11.02.2019
- Mandalik, A., (2001) Single Span-Steel Construction Determination of the Preliminary Cost of Structures in the Underground (Turkish) Yildiz Technical University Architecture Program (MSc Thesis) İstanbul, Turkey
- Montero, J., Teitel, M., Baeza, E., Lopez, J., Kacira, M. (2013) Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops Principles for Mediterranean climate areas FAO, Rome. 63-92 http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3284e.pdf Accessed 01.05.2018
- Öneş, A., (1986). Greenhouses Building Technics Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No:970, (Turkish) Ankara
- Saltuk, B., (2005) A Study on the Structural Analysis and Development of Plastic Greenhouses in Mersin and its Provinces. (Turkish) Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, (MSc Thesis) Adana Adana, Turkey.
- Simsek, E.,( 2014). Greenhouses Production Systems Unit 2 (Turkish) Anadolu University, Eskisehir/Turkey Publication No:2275 ISBN 978-975-06-0949-7
- Tekinel, O., Baytorun, A.N., (1990). New Technologies in Greenhousing. (Turkish) 5. Greenhouse Symposium, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, s. 11-20, İzmir
- Yağanoğlu A.V. ve Örüng İ. (1997). Developments in Greenhouse and Greenhouse Types (Turkish) 2. Greenhouses Symposium, 31 May-01 June 1997, Kütahya
- Yüksel, A.N. (2000). Greenhouses Building Technics. (Turkish) Hasad publications İstanbul
- Zabeltitz, Chr.Von. (2011). Integrated Greenhouse Systems for Mild Climates. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg page 302 https://www.kisa.link/LlZf Accessed date: 1.11.2018.
Öz
Sera,
bitki üretimi için gerekli büyüme faktörlerini sağlayan ve bitki
yetiştiriciliği için mekanizasyon imkanlarını kolaylaştıran tarımsal yapıdır.
Sera tarımı, tarımın en önemli gelir getirici kollarından birisidir. Günümüzde,
bilgisayar yazılımları seraları planlarken de kullanılmaktadır bu şekilde daha
sağlam ve ekonomik bir yapı elde edilebilmektedir. İşletme sahipleri, seralara
sermaye yatırımı yaparlarken, mevcut seraların yapısal özelliklerini tüm yanlış
hesaplamalarla ve hatalarla birlikte kopyalayıp yeni projelere
aktarmaktadırlar. Tüm yatırımlar ve yatırımların geleceği yanlış hesaplamalarla
ve yapısal sorunlu projelerle tehlikeye atılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, statik ve mukavemet
hesaplamaları yapılmadan inşa edilen seralar, daha fazla malzeme kullanılması,
yapısal hasarlar ve bunlara bağlı olarak meydana gelen ekonomik kayıplarla yüz
yüzedir. Bu çalışma, Antalya ilinde bulunan 720 m2 alana sahip tek
açıklıklı cam kaplı üçgen çatılı bir seranın yapısal analizlerini içermektedir.
Seranın yapısal analizi SAP2000 programı ile yapılmıştır. Sera yapımında
kullanılan çeliğin mekanik özellikleri, TS 498 ve TS EN 13031-1 Türk
standartlarına göre teorik yük hesapları ile yapılmıştır. Seradaki değişken
yükler, SAP2000 programı ile yük kombinasyonlarına (rüzgâr, bitki, sabit) göre üçgen
çatılı cam kaplı sera analiz edilerek, klasik yöntemlerle dağıtılmış yükler olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, maliyet açısından büyük bir fark olmamasına rağmen,
gerekli enine kesit elemanı kullanılmadığından sera güvenliğinin tehlikeye
girdiği tespit edilmiştir. 720 m2'lik alana sahip olan bu seranın,
doğru analizler sonucu elde edilen proje ile inşa edilmesi halinde 2.736 kg
yapı malzemesi tasarrufu sağlayacağı belirlenmiştir. 1 dekar alanda inşaat
malzemelerinin ortalama %11,8'i tasarruf edilebilmektedir. Aynı yük koşulları
göz önüne alındığında; aynı dayanım için SAP2000 analizinin kullanılması
maliyeti düşürebilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymous, (1997). Turkish Standardization Institute TS 498 Design Loads for Buildings, Account Values of Loads to be Taken into Consideration the Dimensioning of Structural Elements. Turkish Standards Institute. ICS 91.040 Ankara (Turkish)
- Anonymous, (2003). Turkish Standardization Institute TS EN 13031-1 Greenhouses Design and Construction Part 1: Commercial Production Greenhouses ICS 65.040.030 Ankara (Turkish)
- Anonymous, (2012) Unit weights of materials http://www.muhendislikbilgileri.com/?pnum=26&pt=%C3%96NEML%C4%B0+%C3%96ZG%C3%9CL+A%C4%9EIRLIKLAR (Turkish) Accessed date: 22.03.2019
- Anonymous, (2017). General Directorate of Meteorology (MEVBIS) Long Term Climate data 1991-2017
- Anonymous, (2018). Greenhouse Potential and protective cover type for Turkey Turkish Statistical Institute https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr Accessed 05.11.2018
- Anonymous, (2019a) Antalya struggles to recover after devastating tornado Daily Sabah Turkey. https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2019/01/26/antalya-struggles-to-recover-after-devastating-tornado Accessed date: 22.03.2019
- Anonymous, (2019b). Whirlwind injures 38 in touristic Antalya News Turkey Local http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/whirlwind-injures-38-in-touristic-antalya-122412 Accessed date: 22.03.2019
- Baytorun, A. N., (1995) Greenhouses. (Turkish) Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Books Publication No.110 Adana, Turkey 1-374
- Baytorun, A.N., Gügercin, Ö. (2015). Improving Energy Efficiency in Greenhouses. Cukurova University Journal of Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 30 (2): 125-135. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/211157 (Turkish) Accessed date: 05.11.2018
- Boyacı, S., Akyüz, A., Baytorun, A.N., Çaylı, A. (2016). Determination of the Agricultural Potential of Kirsehir Province (Turkish) Nevsehir Journal of Science and Technology Volume 5 (2) 142-157 2016 DOI: 10.17100 / nevbiltek.284738
- Castilla, N., Hernandez, J. (2007) Greenhouse Technological Packages for High-Quality Crop Production ISHS Acta Horticulture 761:285-297 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.761.38 Accessed 03.05.2018
- Çağdaş, S., (2004) Modeling of Applied SAP2000 Building Systems Static and Dynamic Analysis. (Turkish) Turkmen Publishing, 593 s., İstanbul/ Turkey
- Doğaka, (2015). Eastern Mediterranean Development Agency TR63 Region Greenhouse (Coverage Plant Breeding) (Turkish) Sector Report 2015.pdf http://www.dogaka.gov.tr/Icerik/Dosya/www.dogaka.gov.tr_622_LK5L43WG_Seracilik-ortualti-Bitki-Yetistiriciligi-Sektor-Raporu-2015.pdf Accessed date:5.11.2018
- Eker M.M. (2012) Target in geothermal greenhouses, 30 thousand hectares. (Turkish) Geothermal Municipalities Magazine Number 6. s.5-14. http://jkbb.org.tr/User_Files/jkbb_dergi_6.pdf Access date: 11.02.2019
- Mandalik, A., (2001) Single Span-Steel Construction Determination of the Preliminary Cost of Structures in the Underground (Turkish) Yildiz Technical University Architecture Program (MSc Thesis) İstanbul, Turkey
- Montero, J., Teitel, M., Baeza, E., Lopez, J., Kacira, M. (2013) Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops Principles for Mediterranean climate areas FAO, Rome. 63-92 http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3284e.pdf Accessed 01.05.2018
- Öneş, A., (1986). Greenhouses Building Technics Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No:970, (Turkish) Ankara
- Saltuk, B., (2005) A Study on the Structural Analysis and Development of Plastic Greenhouses in Mersin and its Provinces. (Turkish) Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, (MSc Thesis) Adana Adana, Turkey.
- Simsek, E.,( 2014). Greenhouses Production Systems Unit 2 (Turkish) Anadolu University, Eskisehir/Turkey Publication No:2275 ISBN 978-975-06-0949-7
- Tekinel, O., Baytorun, A.N., (1990). New Technologies in Greenhousing. (Turkish) 5. Greenhouse Symposium, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, s. 11-20, İzmir
- Yağanoğlu A.V. ve Örüng İ. (1997). Developments in Greenhouse and Greenhouse Types (Turkish) 2. Greenhouses Symposium, 31 May-01 June 1997, Kütahya
- Yüksel, A.N. (2000). Greenhouses Building Technics. (Turkish) Hasad publications İstanbul
- Zabeltitz, Chr.Von. (2011). Integrated Greenhouse Systems for Mild Climates. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg page 302 https://www.kisa.link/LlZf Accessed date: 1.11.2018.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Sayı: 16 |
- Makale Dosyaları