ALMANYA’DA 1850 SONRASI ENDÜSTRİLEŞME SÜRECİNDE BANKALARIN ROLÜ

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 51, 148 - 164, 22.01.2017

Ayda Polat

Öz

Endüstriyel gelişme için gerekli şartların mevcut
olduğu ve bu şartların daha çok liberal ekonomi araçlarıyla harekete geçerek
endüstrileşmeyi hızlandırdığı erken endüstrileşen ülkelerden farklı olarak, geç
endüstrileşen ülkeler endüstriyel gelişme için gerekli şartları özgün kurumsal
tepkiler yoluyla yaratmak durumunda kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda geç endüstrileşen
ülkeler endüstrileşme çabaları esnasında, endüstrileşmelerinin yönünü
belirleyen kurumlar oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geç endüstrileşen ülkeler
içinde yer alan Almanya’da endüstriyel gelişimi teşvik eden en önemli
kurumların, yatırım ve ticari bankacılığı birlikte gerçekleştiren evrensel
bankalar olduğunu vurgulamaktır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada Almanya’da evrensel
bankaların sermaye oluşumunda ve sermayenin hareketliliğinin sağlanmasında
oynadığı rol, kredi yaratma politikaları ve özel sektöre yaptıkları teşvikler
ele alınmaktadır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geç endüstrileşme, Çok İşlevli (Evrensel) Banka, Almanya

The Role of Banks After 1850 Industrialızation Process in Germany

Öz

Unlike the early industrializing
countries, in which the prerequisites of industrial development exist, and
these
prerequisites are driven by liberal economic
instruments to accelerate industrialization, late industrializing countries
have had to create the prerequisites for
industrial development through unique institutional reactions. In this context,
late industrializing countries have been the institutions that determine the
direction of their industrialization during their efforts to industrialize. The
aim of this study is to emphasize that the most important institutions
promoting industrial development in Germany, which is part of the late
industrialized countries, are universal banks that carry out investment and
commercial banking together. In this context, this study deals with the role
played by universal banks in capital formation and the mobilization of capital
in Germany, credit creation policies and incentives in the private sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Late Industrialization, Investment banks, Germany

Kaynakça

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