BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 39, - , 20.06.2015

Öz

The Classical Economists were assuming the labour as a homogeneous factor and a change that occur in real wages couldn’t effect the labour productivity and couldn’t shift the labour demand curve. But at the middle of the 20th century, The New Keynesian Economists enhanced some criticism against that thought. Accordingly to the New Keynesian Economists increase at real wages can effect the labour productivity as positively. Although New Keynesian Economists also brought some explanation for the involuntary unemployment and developed a few approaches about the real wage rigidities, one has called Efficiency Wage Theory. In this study, following the Efficiency Wage Theory that explained why firms paying a wage which is above the market clearing level to their workers, the relation has tested between the annually wage growth rate (ORUBO) and annually labour productivity growth rate (EVBO) for 34 countries that related to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between the years of 2000 and 2010. According to findings ofPanel Pedroni Cointegration Analysisa cointegration has arised between the labour productivity and the real wages

Kaynakça

  • ABEL, Andrew B. ve Ben S., BERNANKE, (2005), Macroeconomics, Pearson Education,Inc.,U.S.A.
  • ADAŞ, Cenk G., (2002), “Etkin Ücret Hipotezi, İşsizlik ve Ücret Rijidliği”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 52(1): 103-156.
  • AKERLOF, George A., (1982), “Labour Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange”, Quarterly Journal Economics, 97: 543- 5
  • AKERLOF, George A. ve Janet L., YELLEN, (1990), “The Fair Wage Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105: 255-283.
  • AKERLOF, George A. ve Robert J. SHILLER, (2010), Hayvansal Güdüler: İnsan Psikolojisi Ekonomiyi Nasıl
  • Yönlendirir ve Küresel Kapitalizm için Niçin Önemlidir, Domaniç Neşenur ve Konyar Levent, (Çev.), Scala Yayıncılık, İstanbul. ALCHIAN, Armen A., Harold, DEMSETZ, (1972), “Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization”,
  • The American Economic Review, 62: 777-795. ASLAN, Hanefi M., (2008), Makro İktisat Politikası, Alfa Aktüel, Bursa.
  • BİÇERLİ, Kemal M., (2000), Çalışma Ekonomisi, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş., İstanbul.
  • BRADLEY, Michael E., (2007), “Efficiency Wages and Classical Wage Theory”, Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 29: 167-188.
  • CAPPELLI, Peter ve Keith, CHAUVIN, (1991), “An Interplant Test of The Efficiency Wage Hypothesis”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106: 769-787.
  • CARMICHAEL, Lorne H., (1990), “ Efficiency Wage Models of Unemployment : One View”, Economic Inquiry, 28: 269-295.
  • CORNEO, Giacomo ve Claudio, LUCIFORA, (1997), “Wage Formation Under Union Threat Effects: Theory and Empirical Evidence”, Labour Economics, 4: 265-292.
  • ÇALIŞKAN, Zafer, (2009), “OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları: Panel Veri Analizi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 34: 117-137.
  • ÇEŞTEPE, Hamza ve Tuğba MISTAÇOĞLU, (2012),“Gümrük Birliğinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlara Etkisi:
  • Avrupa Birliği’nin Yeni Üyeleri ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Panel Veri Analizi”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 32(1): 123-140. ÇINAR, Serkan, (2010), “OECD Ülkelerinde Kişi Başına GSYİH Durağan mı? Panel Veri Analizi”, Marmara
  • Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 29(2): 591-601. DALGAARD, Carl-Johan ve Holger, STRULIK, (2011), “ A Physiological Foundation for The Nutrition-Based
  • Efficiency Wage Model”, Oxford Economy Papers, 63: 232-253. DANTHINE, Jean-Pierre ve John B., DONALDSON, (1990), “ Efficiency Wages and The Business Cycle Puzzle ”,
  • European Economic Review, 34: 1275-1301.
  • DICKENS, William T., (1986), “ Wages, Employment and The Threat of Collective Action by Workers”, NBER Working Paper, 1856: 1-34.
  • GARTNER, Manfred, (2009), Macroeconomics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • GREENE, William H., (2003), Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  • GÜL, Ekrem ve Havanur, ERGÜN, (2012), “ Gelişmiş ve Azgelişmiş Ülkelerde Ekonomik Büyüme Dinamikleri: Bir
  • Panel Veri Analizi ”, Uluslarası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1): 127-136. HEIJDRA, Ben J. ve Frederick Van Der PLOEG (2002), Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, The Oxford
  • Univeristy Press, Oxford-New York. HENDRICKS, Wallace E. ve Lawrence M., KAHN, (1991), “Efficiency Wages, Monopoly Unions and Efficient
  • Bargaining ”, The Economic Journal, 101: 1149-1162.
  • IM, Kyung So, M. Hashem PASERAN ve Yongcheol SHIN, (2003), “ Testingfor Unit Roots in Heterogeneous
  • Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53-74. KABLAMACI, Barış, (2011), “ İçerdekiler-Dışardakiler Teorisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, İstanbul Üniversitesi
  • Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2: 54-62. KATZ, Lawrence F., (1986), “ Efficiency Wage Theories: A Partial Evaluation”, NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 1: 235 – 290.
  • LAZEAR, Edward P., (1981), “ Agency, Earning Profiles, Productivity, and Hours Restrictions”, The American Economic Review, 71: 606-620.
  • LAZEAR, Edward P. Ve Robert L., MOORE, (1984), “Incentives, Productivity, and Labor Contracts”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 99: 275-296.
  • LEIBENSTEIN, Harvey, (1957), Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth, Wiley, New York.
  • MADDALA, G.S. ve Shaowen Wu, (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests With Panel Data and A New
  • Simple Test ”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, 0305: 9049.
  • MANNING, Alan ve Jonathan, THOMAS, (1997), “A Simple Model of Shirking Model”, Centre for Economic
  • Performance Discussion Paper, 374: 1-40. MAZUMDAR, Dipak, (1959), “ The Marginal Productivity Theory of Wages and Disguised Unemployment”, The Review of Economic Studies, 26: 190-197.
  • NARAYAN, Paresh K., Russel, SMYTH ve Arti, PRASAD, (2007), “ Electricity Consumption in G7 Countries: A
  • Panel Cointegration Analysis of Residental Demand Elasticities”, Energy Policy, 35: 4485-4494. OECD-stat,(2012), Labour http://stats.oecd.org/OECDStat_Metadata/ShowMetadata.ashx?Dataset=PDYGTH&ShowOnWeb=true&Lang=en, Growth (02013). Productivity In The Total Economy, OECD,
  • OECD, (2010), Annual average gross wage earnings, single individual no children, 2000-2010, OECD https://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.oecd.org/ ContentPages/33596621.xls. (27.04.2013).
  • ÖZTÜRK, Nurettin, Salih, BARIŞIK ve Havva K.,DARICI, (2010), “ Gelişmekte Olan Piyasalarda Finansal
  • Derinleşme ve Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi”, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12: 95-119. PARASIZ, İlker, (1994), Ücret Teorisi: Modern Yaklaşım, Ezgi Kitabevi, Bursa.
  • PARASIZ, İlker ve Melike, BİLDİRİCİ, (2002), Modern Emek Ekonomisi, Ezgi Kitapevi, Bursa.
  • PEDRONİ, Peter, (2004), “ Panel Cointegration Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series
  • Tests with an Application to PPP Hypothesis ”, Economic Theory, 20: 597-625. PICARD, Pierre, (1993), Wages and Unemployment: A Study In Non-Walrasian Macroeconomics, Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • RAFF, Daniel M.G.ve Lawrence H., SUMMERS, (1986), “ Did Henry Ford Pay Efficiency Wages?”, NBER Working Paper, 2101: 1-37.
  • RIVEROS, Luis A.ve Lawrance, BOUTON, (1991), “ Efficiency Wage Theory, Labour Markets, and Adjustment”,
  • The World Bank Working Paper, 731: 1-33. ROMER, David, (1993), “ The New Keynesian Synthesis”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7: 5-22.
  • ROMER, David, (2005), Advanced Macroeconomics, The McGraw-Hill Companies,İnc., New York.
  • SALOP, Steven C., (1979), “ A Model of the Natural Rate of Unemployment”, The American Economic Review, 69: 117
  • SAYDAM, İpek, (2009), “ Yeni-Keynesçi Yaklaşımda Ücret Katılıkları”,İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 2: 239-262.
  • SHAPIRO, Carl ve Joseph E., STIGLITZ, (1984), “ Equilibrum Unemployment As a Worker Discipline Device”,
  • The American Economic Review, 74: 433-444. SNOWDON, Brian ve Howard R., VANE, (2005), Modern Macroeconomics: Its Origins, Development and Current
  • State, MPG Books Ltd., Bodmin, Cornwall. SOLOW, Robert M., (1979), “ Another Possible Source of Wage Stickness”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 1: 79-82.
  • STIGLITZ, Joseph E., (1976), “ The Efficiency Wage Hypothesis, Surplus Labour, and the Distribution of Income in
  • L.D.C.s”, Oxford Economic Papers, 28: 185-207. STRAUSS, John, (1986), “ Does Better Nutrition Raise Farm Productivity?”, The Journal of Political Economy, 94: 297-3
  • STROBL, Eric ve Frank, WALSH, (2007), “ Estimating The Shirking Model with Variable Effort”, Labour Economics, 14: 623-637.
  • SUMMERS, Lawrence, (1988), “ Relative Wages, Efficiency Wages, and Keynesian Unemployment”, NBER Working Paper, 2590: 1-13.
  • SWAMY, Anand V., (1997), “ A Simple Test of The Nutrition-Based Efficiency Wage Model”, Journal of
  • Development Economics, 53: 85-98. TARI, Recep, (2010), Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • VROEY, Michel De, (2005), Involuntary Unemployment; The elusive quest for a theory, Taylor and Fransic Group, London ve New York.
  • WEISS, Andrew, (1980), “ Job Queues and Layoffs in Labor Markets with Flexible Wages”, Journal of Political Economy, 88: 526-538.
  • YELLEN, Janet, (1984), “ Efficiency Wage Models of Unemployment”, The American Economic Review, 74(2): 200-20
  • YERDELENLER, Ferda, (2012), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Basım A.Ş., İstanbul.
  • YILDIRIM, Kemal, Doğan, KARAMAN, ve Murat, TAŞDEMİR, (2010), Makroekonomi, Seçkin Yayıncılık, İstanbul.

OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 39, - , 20.06.2015

Öz

Klasik İktisatçılar emeğin homojen olduğunu ve reel ücretlerde meydana gelen bir değişimin emeğin verimliliğini dolayısıyla emek talep eğrisini etkilemediğini varsaymaktaydılar. Ancak 20.y.y’ın ortalarında, Yeni Keynesyen İktisatçılar tarafından bu varsayımlara bazı eleştiriler getirilmiştir. Yeni Keynesyen İktisatçılara göre reel ücretlerdeki artış işçi verimliliğini pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca Yeni Keynesyen İktisatçılar gönülsüz işsizliğe dair açıklamalar getirirken, reel ücret yapışkanlıklarına dair farklı yaklaşımlar geliştirmişlerdir. Etkin Ücret Teorisi de bu yaklaşımlardan biridir.Bu çalışmada, firmaların işçilerine emek piyasası temizlenme düzeyinin üzerinde bir ücret ödemesinin nedenini açıklayan Etkin Ücret Teorisi’nden hareketle, 2000-2010 yılları arasında Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İş Birliği Örgütü’ne (OECD) dahil 34 ülkenin yıllık ortalama reel ücret kazançları büyüme oranı (ORUBO) ile yıllık emek verimliliği büyüme oranı (EVBO) arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Panel Pedroni Koentegrasyon Analizi sonuçlarına gore OECD ülkelerinde emek verimliliği ile reel ücretler arasında koentegrasyon ilişkisi vardır

Kaynakça

  • ABEL, Andrew B. ve Ben S., BERNANKE, (2005), Macroeconomics, Pearson Education,Inc.,U.S.A.
  • ADAŞ, Cenk G., (2002), “Etkin Ücret Hipotezi, İşsizlik ve Ücret Rijidliği”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 52(1): 103-156.
  • AKERLOF, George A., (1982), “Labour Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange”, Quarterly Journal Economics, 97: 543- 5
  • AKERLOF, George A. ve Janet L., YELLEN, (1990), “The Fair Wage Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105: 255-283.
  • AKERLOF, George A. ve Robert J. SHILLER, (2010), Hayvansal Güdüler: İnsan Psikolojisi Ekonomiyi Nasıl
  • Yönlendirir ve Küresel Kapitalizm için Niçin Önemlidir, Domaniç Neşenur ve Konyar Levent, (Çev.), Scala Yayıncılık, İstanbul. ALCHIAN, Armen A., Harold, DEMSETZ, (1972), “Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization”,
  • The American Economic Review, 62: 777-795. ASLAN, Hanefi M., (2008), Makro İktisat Politikası, Alfa Aktüel, Bursa.
  • BİÇERLİ, Kemal M., (2000), Çalışma Ekonomisi, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş., İstanbul.
  • BRADLEY, Michael E., (2007), “Efficiency Wages and Classical Wage Theory”, Journal of The History of Economic Thought, 29: 167-188.
  • CAPPELLI, Peter ve Keith, CHAUVIN, (1991), “An Interplant Test of The Efficiency Wage Hypothesis”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106: 769-787.
  • CARMICHAEL, Lorne H., (1990), “ Efficiency Wage Models of Unemployment : One View”, Economic Inquiry, 28: 269-295.
  • CORNEO, Giacomo ve Claudio, LUCIFORA, (1997), “Wage Formation Under Union Threat Effects: Theory and Empirical Evidence”, Labour Economics, 4: 265-292.
  • ÇALIŞKAN, Zafer, (2009), “OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları: Panel Veri Analizi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 34: 117-137.
  • ÇEŞTEPE, Hamza ve Tuğba MISTAÇOĞLU, (2012),“Gümrük Birliğinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlara Etkisi:
  • Avrupa Birliği’nin Yeni Üyeleri ve Türkiye Üzerine Bir Panel Veri Analizi”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 32(1): 123-140. ÇINAR, Serkan, (2010), “OECD Ülkelerinde Kişi Başına GSYİH Durağan mı? Panel Veri Analizi”, Marmara
  • Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 29(2): 591-601. DALGAARD, Carl-Johan ve Holger, STRULIK, (2011), “ A Physiological Foundation for The Nutrition-Based
  • Efficiency Wage Model”, Oxford Economy Papers, 63: 232-253. DANTHINE, Jean-Pierre ve John B., DONALDSON, (1990), “ Efficiency Wages and The Business Cycle Puzzle ”,
  • European Economic Review, 34: 1275-1301.
  • DICKENS, William T., (1986), “ Wages, Employment and The Threat of Collective Action by Workers”, NBER Working Paper, 1856: 1-34.
  • GARTNER, Manfred, (2009), Macroeconomics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • GREENE, William H., (2003), Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  • GÜL, Ekrem ve Havanur, ERGÜN, (2012), “ Gelişmiş ve Azgelişmiş Ülkelerde Ekonomik Büyüme Dinamikleri: Bir
  • Panel Veri Analizi ”, Uluslarası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1): 127-136. HEIJDRA, Ben J. ve Frederick Van Der PLOEG (2002), Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, The Oxford
  • Univeristy Press, Oxford-New York. HENDRICKS, Wallace E. ve Lawrence M., KAHN, (1991), “Efficiency Wages, Monopoly Unions and Efficient
  • Bargaining ”, The Economic Journal, 101: 1149-1162.
  • IM, Kyung So, M. Hashem PASERAN ve Yongcheol SHIN, (2003), “ Testingfor Unit Roots in Heterogeneous
  • Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53-74. KABLAMACI, Barış, (2011), “ İçerdekiler-Dışardakiler Teorisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, İstanbul Üniversitesi
  • Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2: 54-62. KATZ, Lawrence F., (1986), “ Efficiency Wage Theories: A Partial Evaluation”, NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 1: 235 – 290.
  • LAZEAR, Edward P., (1981), “ Agency, Earning Profiles, Productivity, and Hours Restrictions”, The American Economic Review, 71: 606-620.
  • LAZEAR, Edward P. Ve Robert L., MOORE, (1984), “Incentives, Productivity, and Labor Contracts”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 99: 275-296.
  • LEIBENSTEIN, Harvey, (1957), Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth, Wiley, New York.
  • MADDALA, G.S. ve Shaowen Wu, (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests With Panel Data and A New
  • Simple Test ”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, 0305: 9049.
  • MANNING, Alan ve Jonathan, THOMAS, (1997), “A Simple Model of Shirking Model”, Centre for Economic
  • Performance Discussion Paper, 374: 1-40. MAZUMDAR, Dipak, (1959), “ The Marginal Productivity Theory of Wages and Disguised Unemployment”, The Review of Economic Studies, 26: 190-197.
  • NARAYAN, Paresh K., Russel, SMYTH ve Arti, PRASAD, (2007), “ Electricity Consumption in G7 Countries: A
  • Panel Cointegration Analysis of Residental Demand Elasticities”, Energy Policy, 35: 4485-4494. OECD-stat,(2012), Labour http://stats.oecd.org/OECDStat_Metadata/ShowMetadata.ashx?Dataset=PDYGTH&ShowOnWeb=true&Lang=en, Growth (02013). Productivity In The Total Economy, OECD,
  • OECD, (2010), Annual average gross wage earnings, single individual no children, 2000-2010, OECD https://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.oecd.org/ ContentPages/33596621.xls. (27.04.2013).
  • ÖZTÜRK, Nurettin, Salih, BARIŞIK ve Havva K.,DARICI, (2010), “ Gelişmekte Olan Piyasalarda Finansal
  • Derinleşme ve Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi”, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12: 95-119. PARASIZ, İlker, (1994), Ücret Teorisi: Modern Yaklaşım, Ezgi Kitabevi, Bursa.
  • PARASIZ, İlker ve Melike, BİLDİRİCİ, (2002), Modern Emek Ekonomisi, Ezgi Kitapevi, Bursa.
  • PEDRONİ, Peter, (2004), “ Panel Cointegration Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series
  • Tests with an Application to PPP Hypothesis ”, Economic Theory, 20: 597-625. PICARD, Pierre, (1993), Wages and Unemployment: A Study In Non-Walrasian Macroeconomics, Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • RAFF, Daniel M.G.ve Lawrence H., SUMMERS, (1986), “ Did Henry Ford Pay Efficiency Wages?”, NBER Working Paper, 2101: 1-37.
  • RIVEROS, Luis A.ve Lawrance, BOUTON, (1991), “ Efficiency Wage Theory, Labour Markets, and Adjustment”,
  • The World Bank Working Paper, 731: 1-33. ROMER, David, (1993), “ The New Keynesian Synthesis”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7: 5-22.
  • ROMER, David, (2005), Advanced Macroeconomics, The McGraw-Hill Companies,İnc., New York.
  • SALOP, Steven C., (1979), “ A Model of the Natural Rate of Unemployment”, The American Economic Review, 69: 117
  • SAYDAM, İpek, (2009), “ Yeni-Keynesçi Yaklaşımda Ücret Katılıkları”,İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 2: 239-262.
  • SHAPIRO, Carl ve Joseph E., STIGLITZ, (1984), “ Equilibrum Unemployment As a Worker Discipline Device”,
  • The American Economic Review, 74: 433-444. SNOWDON, Brian ve Howard R., VANE, (2005), Modern Macroeconomics: Its Origins, Development and Current
  • State, MPG Books Ltd., Bodmin, Cornwall. SOLOW, Robert M., (1979), “ Another Possible Source of Wage Stickness”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 1: 79-82.
  • STIGLITZ, Joseph E., (1976), “ The Efficiency Wage Hypothesis, Surplus Labour, and the Distribution of Income in
  • L.D.C.s”, Oxford Economic Papers, 28: 185-207. STRAUSS, John, (1986), “ Does Better Nutrition Raise Farm Productivity?”, The Journal of Political Economy, 94: 297-3
  • STROBL, Eric ve Frank, WALSH, (2007), “ Estimating The Shirking Model with Variable Effort”, Labour Economics, 14: 623-637.
  • SUMMERS, Lawrence, (1988), “ Relative Wages, Efficiency Wages, and Keynesian Unemployment”, NBER Working Paper, 2590: 1-13.
  • SWAMY, Anand V., (1997), “ A Simple Test of The Nutrition-Based Efficiency Wage Model”, Journal of
  • Development Economics, 53: 85-98. TARI, Recep, (2010), Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • VROEY, Michel De, (2005), Involuntary Unemployment; The elusive quest for a theory, Taylor and Fransic Group, London ve New York.
  • WEISS, Andrew, (1980), “ Job Queues and Layoffs in Labor Markets with Flexible Wages”, Journal of Political Economy, 88: 526-538.
  • YELLEN, Janet, (1984), “ Efficiency Wage Models of Unemployment”, The American Economic Review, 74(2): 200-20
  • YERDELENLER, Ferda, (2012), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Basım A.Ş., İstanbul.
  • YILDIRIM, Kemal, Doğan, KARAMAN, ve Murat, TAŞDEMİR, (2010), Makroekonomi, Seçkin Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Atalay Çetin Bu kişi benim

İbrahim Bakırtaş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetin, A., & Bakırtaş, İ. (2015). OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(39).
AMA Çetin A, Bakırtaş İ. OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Haziran 2015;(39).
Chicago Çetin, Atalay, ve İbrahim Bakırtaş. “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 39 (Haziran 2015).
EndNote Çetin A, Bakırtaş İ (01 Haziran 2015) OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 39
IEEE A. Çetin ve İ. Bakırtaş, “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 39, Haziran 2015.
ISNAD Çetin, Atalay - Bakırtaş, İbrahim. “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 39 (Haziran 2015).
JAMA Çetin A, Bakırtaş İ. OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2015.
MLA Çetin, Atalay ve İbrahim Bakırtaş. “OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 39, 2015.
Vancouver Çetin A, Bakırtaş İ. OECD ÜLKELERİNDE REEL ÜCRETLER VE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2015(39).

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