BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Better Understanding of Parental Emotional Socialization Behaviors with an Illustrative Context / Ebeveyn Duygu Sosyalleştirme Davranışlarının Açıklayıcı Bir Bağlam İçinde Daha iyi Anlaşılması

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 511 - 521, 27.04.2014

Öz

The goal of this study is to provide an illustrative framework for synthesizing derived from a growing body of crucial studies on parental emotional socialization behaviors and processes with regard to children's emotional competence. An explanatory perspective has also been tried to be established with other relevant parental characteristics. Upon explaining the parental emotional socialization behaviors, firstly parental styles, basic concepts, affecting the developmental outputs, as well as the relation between a parent and child have been based. On the other hand, when acted the fact that parental emotional socialization refers to more specific emotion-related behaviors of parents rather than general parenting styles, it is obvious that more detailed explanation of parents for emotional socialization. Within this framework, emotional socialization processes have been defined based upon the hypotheses in the literature such as modeling, coaching, contingency and meta-emotion philosophy. In this study, Le Vine's parental model has also been considered for explaining how parental socialization goals and practices affect the emotional socialization behaviors and emotional competence. This study ends with stressing out other factors (e.g., culture, gender, complementary behaviors of the family members, socioeconomic status) possibly affecting or contributing to the emotion socialization behaviors.

 

Keywords: parental emotional socialization behaviors, emotional socialization processes/mechanisms, emotional competence

Kaynakça

  • Baumrind, D. (1970). Socialization and instrumental competence in young children. Young Children, 26 (2), 104-119.
  • Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F., McAdoo, H. P., & Garcia Coll, C. (2001). The home environments of children in the United States: Part I. Variations by age, etnicity, and poverty status. Child Development,72,1844-1867.
  • Bailey, C. S., Denham, S., & Curby, T. (2012). Questioning as a component of scaffolding in predicting emotion knowledge in preschoolers. Early Child Development & Care, 265-279.
  • Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. (2000). Gender, emotion, and expression. In M.Lewis and J.Haviland-Jones(Eds.), Handbook of Emotions, 2nd Edition, 338-349. N.Y:Guilford.
  • Bosacki, S. Leanne., & Moore, C. (2004). Preschooler’s understanding of simple and complex emotions: Links with gender and language. Sex Roles, 50, 65967
  • Chen, F. M., & Luster, T. (2002). Factors related to parenting practices in Taiwan. Early Child Development and Care, 172(5), 413-430.
  • Craig, B., Denham, S., & Curby, T. (2013). Questioning as a component of scaffolding in predicting emotion knowledge in preschoolers. Early Child Development and Care, 265-279.
  • Collins, W. A., McCoby, E. E.,Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Pscychologist, 55, 218-232.
  • Conger, R. D.,& Dogan, S. J. (2007).Socialization Class and Socialization in Family In J. E. Grusec., and P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization (pp. 433-461). New York: Guilford.
  • Coplan, R. J., Hastings, P. D., Lagace-Seguin, D. G., & Moulton, C. E. (2002). Authoritative and authoritarian mothers’ parenting goals, attributions, and emotions across different childrearing contexts. Parenting Science and Practice, 2, 175-235.
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496.
  • Denham, S. A. (1997). “When I have a bad dream, Mommy, Mommy holds me”: Preschooler’s consequetial thinking about emotions and social competence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20, 301-319.
  • Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: The Guilford.
  • Denham, S. A., & Grout,L. (1993). Socialization of emotion: Pathway to preschoolers’ emotional and social competence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,17, 205-227.
  • Denham, S. A., Zoller, D., & Couchoud, E. A. (1994). Socialization of preschooler emotion understanding, Developmental Psychology, 30, 928-936.
  • Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K. Auerbach, K. S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and emotion, 21, 65-86.
  • Edwards, C. P., Knoche, L., & Kumru, A. (2004). Socialization of boys and girls in natural contexts. In C. R. Ember & M. Ember (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender (pp. 34-41). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–273.
  • Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mothers' reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to children's temperament and anger behavior. MerrillPalmer Quarterly, 40, 138–156.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Schaller, M., Carlo, G., & Miller, P. A. (1991). The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children’s vicarious emotional responding. Child Development, 62, 1393-1408.
  • Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A., Kupanoff, K., & Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emotions: Relations with children’s emotional and social responding. Child Development, 72(3), 907-920.
  • Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The coping with children’s negative emotions Scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotinonal competence. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 285-310.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). Cultivated emotions: Parental socialization of positive emotions and self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 279–281 Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 243-268.
  • Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in twoyear-olds: Strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Development, 67(3), 928-941.
  • Halberstadt, A. G. (1991). Socialization of expressiveness: Family influences in particular and a model in general. In R. S. Feldman & S. Rime (Eds.), Fundamentals of emotional expressiveness (pp. 106-162). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University.
  • Halberstadt, A. G., Denham, S. A, & Dunsmore, J. C. (2001). Affective social competence. Social Development, 10, 79-119.
  • Kagitcibasi, Ç. (1970). Social norms and authoritarianism: A Turkish-American comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 444- 451.
  • Kagitcibasi, Ç. (2007). Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures. Theory and Applications (2nd Edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers Mahwah, New Jersey and London.
  • Kitzmann, K., & Howard, K.M. (2011). Emotion Socialization by early Childhood educators: Conteptual Models from Psychology. Asia-Pasific Journal of Research, 5(1), 23-44.
  • LeVine, R. A. (1988). Human parental care: Universal goals, cultural strategies, individual behavior. New Directions in Child Development, 40, 3-12.
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In P. H. Mussen, & E. M. Hetherington. Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.
  • Mc Elwain, N., L., Halberstadt, A. G.,& Volling, B. L. (2007). Mother and father reported reactions to children’s emotional understanding and friendship quality. Child Development, 78(5), 1407-1425.
  • Magee, T., & Roy, C. (2008). Predicting school-age behavior problems: the role of early childhood risk factors. Pediatric Nursing,34(1), 37-44.
  • Malatesta, C. Z., & Haviland, J. M. (1982). Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expression in infancy. Child Development, 53, 991100
  • Mayer, S. E. (1997). What money can’t buy: Family income and children’s life changes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
  • Parke, R. D., & Bruiel, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Paterson, G., & Sanson, A. (1999). The association of behavioral adjustment to temperament, parenting and family characteristics among five-year-old children. Social Development, 8, 293-309.
  • Perez-Rivera, M. B. (2008). Mother’s belief about emotions, mother-child emotion discourse and children’s emotion understanding in Latino Families. Unpublished master’s thesis. Blacksburg, VA.
  • Ramsden, S. R., & Hubbard, J. A. (2002). Family expressiveness and parental emotion coaching: Their role in children's emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 657-667.
  • Rhee, W. Y. (2007). The role of teachers in furthering the development of social competence in young children. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, 1, 39-61.
  • Roberts, W., & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy, emotional expressiveness and prosocial behavior. Child Development, 67, 449-470.
  • Saarni, C. (1989). Children's understanding of strategic control of emotional expression in social interactions. In C. Saarni & P. L. Harris (Eds.), Children's understanding of emotion (pp. 338-523). Cambridge: Harvard University.
  • Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York: The Guilford.
  • Saarni, C., & Buckley, M. (2002). Children’s understanding of emotion communication in families. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 213-242.
  • Tao, A., Zhou, Q., & Wang, Y. (2010). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(2), 135–144.
  • White, J. M., & Klein, D. M. (2002). Family theories. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, 89–100.
  • Yağmurlu,B., Çıtlak, B., Dost,A., & Leyendecker, B. (2009). Türk Annelerin çocuk sosyalleştirme hedeflerinde eğitime bağlı olarak gözlenen farklılıklar. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24(63),1-15.

(EBEVEYN DUYGU SOSYALLEŞTİRME DAVRANIŞLARININ AÇIKLAYICI BİR BAĞLAM İÇİNDE DAHA İYİ ANLAŞILMASI)

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 511 - 521, 27.04.2014

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveyn duygu sosyalleşme davranışları ve süreçlerine çocukların duygusal yeterlikleri kapsamında sayısı giderek artan önemli çalışmaları sentez haline getirerek konuya açıklayıcı bir çerçeve sağlamaktır. Bu açıklayıcı bakış açısı aynı zamanda diğer ebeveyn nitelikleri ile birlikte oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ebeveyn duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının açıklanması, ilk olarak ebeveyn ve çocuk arasındaki ilişkiyi ve çocuğun gelişimsel çıktılarını etkileyen temel kavramlardan biri olan ebeveynlik stilleri üzerine kurulmuştur. Diğer yandan, ebeveyn duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının ebeveynlik stillerinden daha çok duygu ile ilişkili davranışlara atıfta bulunduğu gerçeğinden hareket edildiğinde, ebeveyn duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının daha ayrıntılı bir açıklamayı gerektirdiği açıktır. Bu çerçevede duygu sosyalleştirme süreçleri alan yazınında yer alan model olma, rehberlik etme, çocuğun duygusuna tepki verme/durumsallık ve üstduygu felsefesi hipotezlerine göre açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada aynı zamanda ebeveyn sosyalleştirme hedef ve uygulamalarının sosyalleştirme davranışlarını ve duygusal yeterliği nasıl etkilediğini açıklamak için LeVine’nin ebeveynlik modeli de dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışma, duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını etkileyen veya katkıda bulunan diğer etmenleri de (örn., kültür, cinsiyet,aile üyelerinin tamamlayıcı davranışları, sosyoekonomik düzey) tartışarak sonuçlandırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Baumrind, D. (1970). Socialization and instrumental competence in young children. Young Children, 26 (2), 104-119.
  • Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F., McAdoo, H. P., & Garcia Coll, C. (2001). The home environments of children in the United States: Part I. Variations by age, etnicity, and poverty status. Child Development,72,1844-1867.
  • Bailey, C. S., Denham, S., & Curby, T. (2012). Questioning as a component of scaffolding in predicting emotion knowledge in preschoolers. Early Child Development & Care, 265-279.
  • Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. (2000). Gender, emotion, and expression. In M.Lewis and J.Haviland-Jones(Eds.), Handbook of Emotions, 2nd Edition, 338-349. N.Y:Guilford.
  • Bosacki, S. Leanne., & Moore, C. (2004). Preschooler’s understanding of simple and complex emotions: Links with gender and language. Sex Roles, 50, 65967
  • Chen, F. M., & Luster, T. (2002). Factors related to parenting practices in Taiwan. Early Child Development and Care, 172(5), 413-430.
  • Craig, B., Denham, S., & Curby, T. (2013). Questioning as a component of scaffolding in predicting emotion knowledge in preschoolers. Early Child Development and Care, 265-279.
  • Collins, W. A., McCoby, E. E.,Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Pscychologist, 55, 218-232.
  • Conger, R. D.,& Dogan, S. J. (2007).Socialization Class and Socialization in Family In J. E. Grusec., and P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization (pp. 433-461). New York: Guilford.
  • Coplan, R. J., Hastings, P. D., Lagace-Seguin, D. G., & Moulton, C. E. (2002). Authoritative and authoritarian mothers’ parenting goals, attributions, and emotions across different childrearing contexts. Parenting Science and Practice, 2, 175-235.
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496.
  • Denham, S. A. (1997). “When I have a bad dream, Mommy, Mommy holds me”: Preschooler’s consequetial thinking about emotions and social competence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20, 301-319.
  • Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: The Guilford.
  • Denham, S. A., & Grout,L. (1993). Socialization of emotion: Pathway to preschoolers’ emotional and social competence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,17, 205-227.
  • Denham, S. A., Zoller, D., & Couchoud, E. A. (1994). Socialization of preschooler emotion understanding, Developmental Psychology, 30, 928-936.
  • Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K. Auerbach, K. S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and emotion, 21, 65-86.
  • Edwards, C. P., Knoche, L., & Kumru, A. (2004). Socialization of boys and girls in natural contexts. In C. R. Ember & M. Ember (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender (pp. 34-41). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–273.
  • Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mothers' reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to children's temperament and anger behavior. MerrillPalmer Quarterly, 40, 138–156.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Schaller, M., Carlo, G., & Miller, P. A. (1991). The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children’s vicarious emotional responding. Child Development, 62, 1393-1408.
  • Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A., Kupanoff, K., & Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emotions: Relations with children’s emotional and social responding. Child Development, 72(3), 907-920.
  • Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The coping with children’s negative emotions Scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotinonal competence. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 285-310.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). Cultivated emotions: Parental socialization of positive emotions and self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 279–281 Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 243-268.
  • Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in twoyear-olds: Strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Development, 67(3), 928-941.
  • Halberstadt, A. G. (1991). Socialization of expressiveness: Family influences in particular and a model in general. In R. S. Feldman & S. Rime (Eds.), Fundamentals of emotional expressiveness (pp. 106-162). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University.
  • Halberstadt, A. G., Denham, S. A, & Dunsmore, J. C. (2001). Affective social competence. Social Development, 10, 79-119.
  • Kagitcibasi, Ç. (1970). Social norms and authoritarianism: A Turkish-American comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 444- 451.
  • Kagitcibasi, Ç. (2007). Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures. Theory and Applications (2nd Edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers Mahwah, New Jersey and London.
  • Kitzmann, K., & Howard, K.M. (2011). Emotion Socialization by early Childhood educators: Conteptual Models from Psychology. Asia-Pasific Journal of Research, 5(1), 23-44.
  • LeVine, R. A. (1988). Human parental care: Universal goals, cultural strategies, individual behavior. New Directions in Child Development, 40, 3-12.
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In P. H. Mussen, & E. M. Hetherington. Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.
  • Mc Elwain, N., L., Halberstadt, A. G.,& Volling, B. L. (2007). Mother and father reported reactions to children’s emotional understanding and friendship quality. Child Development, 78(5), 1407-1425.
  • Magee, T., & Roy, C. (2008). Predicting school-age behavior problems: the role of early childhood risk factors. Pediatric Nursing,34(1), 37-44.
  • Malatesta, C. Z., & Haviland, J. M. (1982). Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expression in infancy. Child Development, 53, 991100
  • Mayer, S. E. (1997). What money can’t buy: Family income and children’s life changes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
  • Parke, R. D., & Bruiel, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Paterson, G., & Sanson, A. (1999). The association of behavioral adjustment to temperament, parenting and family characteristics among five-year-old children. Social Development, 8, 293-309.
  • Perez-Rivera, M. B. (2008). Mother’s belief about emotions, mother-child emotion discourse and children’s emotion understanding in Latino Families. Unpublished master’s thesis. Blacksburg, VA.
  • Ramsden, S. R., & Hubbard, J. A. (2002). Family expressiveness and parental emotion coaching: Their role in children's emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 657-667.
  • Rhee, W. Y. (2007). The role of teachers in furthering the development of social competence in young children. Asia-Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, 1, 39-61.
  • Roberts, W., & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy, emotional expressiveness and prosocial behavior. Child Development, 67, 449-470.
  • Saarni, C. (1989). Children's understanding of strategic control of emotional expression in social interactions. In C. Saarni & P. L. Harris (Eds.), Children's understanding of emotion (pp. 338-523). Cambridge: Harvard University.
  • Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York: The Guilford.
  • Saarni, C., & Buckley, M. (2002). Children’s understanding of emotion communication in families. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 213-242.
  • Tao, A., Zhou, Q., & Wang, Y. (2010). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(2), 135–144.
  • White, J. M., & Klein, D. M. (2002). Family theories. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, 89–100.
  • Yağmurlu,B., Çıtlak, B., Dost,A., & Leyendecker, B. (2009). Türk Annelerin çocuk sosyalleştirme hedeflerinde eğitime bağlı olarak gözlenen farklılıklar. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24(63),1-15.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şükran Kılıç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ekim 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç, Ş. (2014). A Better Understanding of Parental Emotional Socialization Behaviors with an Illustrative Context / Ebeveyn Duygu Sosyalleştirme Davranışlarının Açıklayıcı Bir Bağlam İçinde Daha iyi Anlaşılması. Eğitimde Kuram Ve Uygulama, 10(2), 511-521. https://doi.org/10.17244/eku.25806