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Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability

Year 2020, Issue: 12, 484 - 501, 29.12.2020

Muhammad Ihsan Qadır Saıf Malık , Aqeel Abbas Kazmi

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.740470

Abstract

This paper aims at making an inquiry into the ongoing societal effects of the COVID-19 focusing on futuristic dimensions in the post-COVID-19 scenario while taking stock of the expected social changes in the world in general and Pakistan in particular. The main thesis of the subject matter is that the cosmic outreach and destructive nature of this menace have introduced a few extraordinary changes in our social lives. Pandemics, since time immemorial have decimated millions of lives and spread grief, gloom and tribulation all around. The occurrence frequency of pandemics has been on the rise since the last century because of increased global integration, exponential growth in population, mass urbanization, increased mobility and excessive exploitation of the environment. Major pandemics endured by humanity are; plague, smallpox, flu or influenza, cholera, tuberculosis, Ebola and few others. All of these pandemics overwhelmed populations socially and economically, hence COVID-19 being accosted globally is hinting at the evolution of the new normal. 

Keywords

Pandemic plague online business distance learning telehealth

References

  • Borrell J. E U Minister for Foreign Affairs Addressing to European Parliament on 23 Mar 2020. European Union External Action. 2020. https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/76341/coronavirus-news-eu-action-team-europe-support-disinformation-repatriation-and-solidarity_en Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Billings M. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918: 2005. https://virus.stanford.edu/uda/. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Smith KF, Goldberg M, Rosenthal S, et al. Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2014;11(101). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2014.0950. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Weisaeth L, Raphael B. Text Book of Disaster Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2017.
  • Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Jan – March 1995;1(1):7-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626828/pdf/8903148.pdf. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ahmed QA, Arabie YM, Mernish ZA. Health Risks at the Hajj. The Lancet. 2006;367(9515):1008-1115. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)68429-8/fulltext. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Herlihy D. Black Death and Transformation of West. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; 1997.
  • WHO. Plague Key Facts. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Ruffer MA. Studies in the Paleopathology of Egypt. In: Moodie RL. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1921.
  • Jenifer LC. The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling the Smallpox Epidemic. New York: Plume Penguin Group; 2004.
  • WHO. Declares Eradication of Smallpox. WHO. https://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Steve J. The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. New York: Penguin Group Pub; 2006.
  • WHO. Cholera Fact Sheet. WHO. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cholera#tab=tab_1. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Centre for Disease Control & Prevention. 1918 Pandemic (H1N1 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Barry JM. The Great Influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history. New York: Penguin Books; 2004.
  • Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Howard P. Epidemics. Ohio: Ohio University Press; 2012.
  • WHO. Global Health Observatory Data. WHO. https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/. Accessed on 6 April 2020.
  • WHO. International Travel and SARS. WHO. https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/sars/en/. Accessed on 7 April 2020.
  • Al Hosani, Farida Ismail. Response to emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(7):1162-1168. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.160040
  • Richard, M, P. The Terrifying True Story of the Origin of the Ebola Virus: The Hot Zone. New York: Anchor Books; 1995.
  • Platt C. King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England. Oxon U.K: Routledge; 2014.
  • Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton; 2009.
  • WHO. Guideline Document on Pandemic Preparedness and Response. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143067/. Accessed on 10 April 2020.
  • Drake TL, Chalabi Z, Coker R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pandemic influenza preparedness: what's missing. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(12):940-941. doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.109025
  • Duffin E. Impacts of Coronavirus Pandemic on the Global Economy – Statistics and Facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/6139/covid-19-impact-on-the-global-economy/. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Holly E. Europe Should See a ‘Tick Mark’ Recovery After Coronavirus. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-europe-expect-a-tick-mark-recovery-economists-say.html.
  • UN News. COVID-19 Could Cause Equivalent of 195 Million Job Losses. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061322. Accessed on 17 April 2020.
  • PIDE. Covid-19 E-Book. PIDE. https://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PIDE-COVID19-EBook.pdf. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Mehtab H. Covid-19: Economy may face GDP loss of up to 4.64 percent. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/637732-covid-19-economy-may-face-gdp-loss-of-up-to-4-64-percent. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2020 Apr 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
  • World Travel & Tourism Data. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact. Accessed on 21 April 2020.
  • WHO Press Briefing by Director General on 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed on 12 April 2020.

COVID-19'un Sosyal Etkileri: Öngörülemezliği Öngörmek

Year 2020, Issue: 12, 484 - 501, 29.12.2020

Muhammad Ihsan Qadır Saıf Malık , Aqeel Abbas Kazmi

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.740470

Abstract

Bu makale, COVID-19 sonrası senaryoda fütüristik boyutlara odaklanarak COVID-19'un devam eden toplumsal etkilerine dair bir araştırma yapmayı ve genel olarak dünyada ve özelde Pakistan'da beklenen sosyal değişimleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Konunun ana tezi, bu tehdidin kozmik erişiminin ve yıkıcı doğasının, sosyal hayatlarımızda birkaç olağanüstü değişikliğe neden olduğudur. Pandemiler, hatırlanan zamandan beri milyonlarca hayatı yok etmiş ve her yere keder, kasvet ve sıkıntı yaymıştır. Pandemilerin ortaya çıkma sıklığı, artan küresel entegrasyon, nüfustaki üstel büyüme, kitlesel kentleşme, artan hareketlilik ve çevrenin aşırı sömürülmesi nedeniyle geçen yüzyıldan beri artmaktadır. İnsanlığın katlandığı başlıca pandemiler veba, çiçek hastalığı, grip, kolera, tüberküloz, ebola ve diğerleridir. Tüm bu pandemiler, toplumları sosyal ve ekonomik olarak yıkıma uğratmış, bu nedenle COVID-19'un küresel olarak ele alınması yeni normalin evrimine işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Pandemi veba çevrimiçi iş uzaktan eğitim telesağlık

References

  • Borrell J. E U Minister for Foreign Affairs Addressing to European Parliament on 23 Mar 2020. European Union External Action. 2020. https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/76341/coronavirus-news-eu-action-team-europe-support-disinformation-repatriation-and-solidarity_en Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Billings M. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918: 2005. https://virus.stanford.edu/uda/. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Smith KF, Goldberg M, Rosenthal S, et al. Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2014;11(101). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2014.0950. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Weisaeth L, Raphael B. Text Book of Disaster Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2017.
  • Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Jan – March 1995;1(1):7-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626828/pdf/8903148.pdf. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ahmed QA, Arabie YM, Mernish ZA. Health Risks at the Hajj. The Lancet. 2006;367(9515):1008-1115. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)68429-8/fulltext. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Herlihy D. Black Death and Transformation of West. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; 1997.
  • WHO. Plague Key Facts. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Ruffer MA. Studies in the Paleopathology of Egypt. In: Moodie RL. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1921.
  • Jenifer LC. The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling the Smallpox Epidemic. New York: Plume Penguin Group; 2004.
  • WHO. Declares Eradication of Smallpox. WHO. https://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Steve J. The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. New York: Penguin Group Pub; 2006.
  • WHO. Cholera Fact Sheet. WHO. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cholera#tab=tab_1. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Centre for Disease Control & Prevention. 1918 Pandemic (H1N1 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Barry JM. The Great Influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history. New York: Penguin Books; 2004.
  • Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Howard P. Epidemics. Ohio: Ohio University Press; 2012.
  • WHO. Global Health Observatory Data. WHO. https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/. Accessed on 6 April 2020.
  • WHO. International Travel and SARS. WHO. https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/sars/en/. Accessed on 7 April 2020.
  • Al Hosani, Farida Ismail. Response to emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(7):1162-1168. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.160040
  • Richard, M, P. The Terrifying True Story of the Origin of the Ebola Virus: The Hot Zone. New York: Anchor Books; 1995.
  • Platt C. King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England. Oxon U.K: Routledge; 2014.
  • Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton; 2009.
  • WHO. Guideline Document on Pandemic Preparedness and Response. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143067/. Accessed on 10 April 2020.
  • Drake TL, Chalabi Z, Coker R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pandemic influenza preparedness: what's missing. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(12):940-941. doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.109025
  • Duffin E. Impacts of Coronavirus Pandemic on the Global Economy – Statistics and Facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/6139/covid-19-impact-on-the-global-economy/. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Holly E. Europe Should See a ‘Tick Mark’ Recovery After Coronavirus. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-europe-expect-a-tick-mark-recovery-economists-say.html.
  • UN News. COVID-19 Could Cause Equivalent of 195 Million Job Losses. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061322. Accessed on 17 April 2020.
  • PIDE. Covid-19 E-Book. PIDE. https://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PIDE-COVID19-EBook.pdf. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Mehtab H. Covid-19: Economy may face GDP loss of up to 4.64 percent. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/637732-covid-19-economy-may-face-gdp-loss-of-up-to-4-64-percent. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2020 Apr 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
  • World Travel & Tourism Data. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact. Accessed on 21 April 2020.
  • WHO Press Briefing by Director General on 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed on 12 April 2020.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammad Ihsan Qadır This is me 0000-0001-8298-8478

Saıf Malık 0000-0001-5199-252X

Aqeel Abbas Kazmi 0000-0002-5044-4182

Publication Date December 29, 2020
Acceptance Date December 22, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 12

Cite

JAMA Qadır MI, Malık S, Kazmi AA. Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability. IGUSABDER. 2020;:484–501.
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