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Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 16 - 23, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1377193

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Sometimes, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is inevitable in the treatment of heart diseases by open heart surgery procedures. Myocardium protection is of great importance in CPB cases. Various techniques and applications exist for the protection of the myocardium.
Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the perioperative and postoperative early outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations with CPB by comparing intermittent antegrade and intermittent antegrade (Initial) combined with retrograde (Maintenance) blood cardioplegia applications.
Materials and Methods: 240 patients with similar characteristics who underwent CPB-guided CABG operation were included. Two groups were formed as Antegrade (Group 1) and Antegrade/retrograde (Group 2). The preoperative, intraoperative, and early postoperative results of the groups were compared.
Results: Gender, age, body surface area, flow, ejection fraction percentages, EuroSCORE and LMCA lesion presence values were similar in both groups (p>0.05). Cross-clamp time, total perfusion time, mean activated clotting time during CPB and perioperative drainage were similar in both groups (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, and lactate levels evaluated after CPB of the two groups (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of defibrillation requirement, inotropic requirement, and IABP requirement after CPB. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Similar results were observed between antegrade cardioplegia alone and antegrade combined with retrograde cardioplegia in CPB-guided CABG operations. For this reason, we think that the antegrade cardioplegia technique alone will be more advantageous in terms of ease of application, not requiring additional invasive intervention, and eliminating the risks of the necessity of additional intervention. Furthermore, we think that the importance of case-based evaluation in cardioplegia techniques should not be ignored.

References

  • Caricati-Neto A, Errante PR, Menezes-Rodrigues FS. Recent advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies of cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(16):4002. doi:10.3390/ijms20164002
  • Passaroni AC, Silva MA, Yoshida WB. Cardiopulmonary bypass: development of John Gibbon's heart-lung machine. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2015;30(2):235-245. doi:10.5935/1678-9741.20150021
  • Sarkar M, Prabhu V. Basics of cardiopulmonary bypass. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(9):760-767. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_379_17
  • Whittaker A, Aboughdir M, Mahbub S, Ahmed A, Harky A. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: how limited are the options? A comprehensive literature review. Perfusion. 2021;36(4):338-351. doi:10.1177/0267659120942656
  • Ferguson ZG, Yarborough DE, Jarvis BL, Sistino JJ. Evidence-based medicine and myocardial protection--where is the evidence?. Perfusion. 2015;30(5):415-422. doi:10.1177/0267659114551856
  • Carvajal C, Goyal A, Tadi P. Cardioplegia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; May 1, 2022.
  • Hoyer A, Kiefer P, Borger M. Cardioplegia and myocardial protection: time for a reassessment?. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(5):E76-E78. doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.05.08
  • Saclı H, Kara I, Diler MS, Percin B, Turan AI, Kırali K. The relationship between the use of cold and isothermic blood cardioplegia solution for myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass and the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;25(6):296-303. doi:10.5761/atcs.oa.18-00293
  • George G, Varsha AV, Philip MA, Vithayathil R, Srinivasan D, Sneha Princy FX, et al. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: Del Nido versus blood cardioplegia. Ann Card Anaesth. 2020;23(4):477-484. doi:10.4103/aca.ACA_153_19
  • Atay Y, Okur FF, Ayık MF. Kalp cerrahisinde miyokard koruması. içinde: kalp ve damar cerrahisi. Paç M, Akçevin A, Aka S.A, Büket S, Sarıoğlu T. (Ed.) 2. Baskı, 2013;S:1-2
  • Yamamoto H, Yamamoto F. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: a historical review from the beginning to the current topics. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;61(9):485-496. doi:10.1007/s11748-013-0279-4
  • Hirata N, Sakai K, Ohtani M, Sakaki S, Ohnishi K. Assessment of myocardial distribution of retrograde and antegrade cardioplegic solution in the same patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997;12(2):242-247. doi:10.1016/s1010-7940(97)00119-x
  • Jiang X, Gu T, Shi E, Wang C, Xiu Z, Zhang G. Antegrade versus continuous retrograde del Nido cardioplegia in the David I operation. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27(4):497-502. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2017.02.037
  • Brant SM, Rosenbaum DH, Cobert ML, West LM, Jessen ME, Peltz M. Effects of antegrade and retrograde machine perfusion preservation on cardiac function after transplantation in canines. Transplant Proc. 2014;46(5):1601-1605. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.03.006
  • Cicek MC, Gormus N, Durgut K, Kayrak M, Toker A, Solak Gİ, et al. Comparison of effect of antegrade with combined antegrade-retrograde cardioplegia on inflammatory response and left ventricular systolic function in coronary bypass surgery: A prospective randomized Study. Turk J Clin Lab. 2018; 9(3):179-184. doi:10.18663/tjcl.432111
  • Franke U, Wahlers T, Cohnert TU, Koenig, J, Rath, NF, Wirsing M, et al. Retrograde versus antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia in coronary surgery: value of troponin-I measurement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71(1):249-253. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(00)02145-7
  • Lee JH, Jeong DS, Sung K, Kim WS, Lee YT, Park PW. Clinical results of different myocardial protection techniques in aortic stenosis. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;48(3):164-173. doi:10.5090/kjtcs.2015.48.3.164
  • Lebon JS, Couture P, Colizza M, Fortier A, Rochon A, Ayoub C, et al. Myocardial protection in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: retrograde cardioplegia alone using endovascular coronary sinus catheter compared with combined antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33(5):1197-1204. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.042
  • Kaukoranta PK, Lepojärvi MV, Kiviluoma KT, Ylitalo KV, Peuhkurinen KJ. Myocardial protection during antegrade versus retrograde cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66(3):755-761. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00459-7
  • Özbek B, Toker ME. İzole CABG operasyonlarında aralıklı antegradile tek doz antegrad sonrası devamlı retrograd izotermik kan kardiyopleji uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması. Koşuyolu Heart Journal. 2018;21(1):39-42. doi:10.5578/khj.59696

Kardiyopulmoner Bypass Eşliğinde Yapılan Kardiyak Cerrahide Antegrad ile Antegrad/Retrograd Kan Kardiyoplejisi Uygulamalarının Karşılaştırılması

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 16 - 23, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1377193

Abstract

Giriş: İskemik kalp hastalıkları (İKH) dünya çapında önde gelen ölüm nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Kalp hastalıklarının tedavisinde bazen kardiyopulmoner bypass (KPB) kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. KPB vakalarında miyokardın korunması önem taşımaktadır. Miyokardın korunmasında çeşitli yöntemler ve uygulama yolları bulunmaktadır.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada KPB eşliğinde koroner arter bypass greft (KABG) replasmanı yapılan vakalarda aralıklı antegrad ile aralıklı antegrad (Başlangıç) ardından retrograd (İdame) yoldan kan kardiyoplejisi uygulamalarını karşılaştırarak perioperatif ve postoperatif erken dönem etkilerini saptamak amaçlandı.
Yöntem: KPB eşliğinde KABG replasmanı yapılan benzer özelliklere sahip 240 hasta dahil edildi. Antegrad (Grup-1) ve Antegrad/retrograd (Grup-2) olmak üzere iki grup oluşturuldu. Grupların preoperatif, intraoperatif ve erken dönem postoperatif sonuçları karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Her iki grubun; cinsiyet, yaş, vücut yüzey alanı, flow, ejeksiyon fraksiyon yüzdeleri, EuroSCORE ve LMCA varlığı değerleri benzerdi (p>0,05). Her iki grubun; kross klemp süresi, total perfüzyon süresi, KPB sırasındaki ortalama etkinleştirilmiş pıhtılaşma zamanı ve perioperatif drenaj miktarı benzerdi (p>0,05). İki grubun KPB çıkışında değerlendirilen sodyum, potasyum, kalsiyum, glukoz ve laktat düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Ayrıca iki grubun KPB çıkışındaki defibrilasyon ihtiyacı, inotrop ihtiyacı ve İABP ihtiyacı arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05).
Sonuç: KPB eşliğinde yapılan KABG replasmanı operasyonlarında tek başına antegrad kardiyopleji uygulama yöntemi ile antegrad ardından retrograd kardiyopleji uygulama yöntemi arasında, benzer sonuçlar saptandı. Bu nedenle uygulama kolaylığı ek invazif girişim gerektirmemesi açısından ve ek girişim gerekliliğinin risklerinin ortadan kalkması nedeniyle tek başına antegrad kardiyopleji uygulama yönteminin daha avantajlı olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Ayrıca kardiyopleji uygulama yöntemlerinde olgu bazlı değerlendirmenin önemi de göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

References

  • Caricati-Neto A, Errante PR, Menezes-Rodrigues FS. Recent advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies of cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(16):4002. doi:10.3390/ijms20164002
  • Passaroni AC, Silva MA, Yoshida WB. Cardiopulmonary bypass: development of John Gibbon's heart-lung machine. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2015;30(2):235-245. doi:10.5935/1678-9741.20150021
  • Sarkar M, Prabhu V. Basics of cardiopulmonary bypass. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(9):760-767. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_379_17
  • Whittaker A, Aboughdir M, Mahbub S, Ahmed A, Harky A. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: how limited are the options? A comprehensive literature review. Perfusion. 2021;36(4):338-351. doi:10.1177/0267659120942656
  • Ferguson ZG, Yarborough DE, Jarvis BL, Sistino JJ. Evidence-based medicine and myocardial protection--where is the evidence?. Perfusion. 2015;30(5):415-422. doi:10.1177/0267659114551856
  • Carvajal C, Goyal A, Tadi P. Cardioplegia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; May 1, 2022.
  • Hoyer A, Kiefer P, Borger M. Cardioplegia and myocardial protection: time for a reassessment?. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(5):E76-E78. doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.05.08
  • Saclı H, Kara I, Diler MS, Percin B, Turan AI, Kırali K. The relationship between the use of cold and isothermic blood cardioplegia solution for myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass and the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;25(6):296-303. doi:10.5761/atcs.oa.18-00293
  • George G, Varsha AV, Philip MA, Vithayathil R, Srinivasan D, Sneha Princy FX, et al. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: Del Nido versus blood cardioplegia. Ann Card Anaesth. 2020;23(4):477-484. doi:10.4103/aca.ACA_153_19
  • Atay Y, Okur FF, Ayık MF. Kalp cerrahisinde miyokard koruması. içinde: kalp ve damar cerrahisi. Paç M, Akçevin A, Aka S.A, Büket S, Sarıoğlu T. (Ed.) 2. Baskı, 2013;S:1-2
  • Yamamoto H, Yamamoto F. Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: a historical review from the beginning to the current topics. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;61(9):485-496. doi:10.1007/s11748-013-0279-4
  • Hirata N, Sakai K, Ohtani M, Sakaki S, Ohnishi K. Assessment of myocardial distribution of retrograde and antegrade cardioplegic solution in the same patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997;12(2):242-247. doi:10.1016/s1010-7940(97)00119-x
  • Jiang X, Gu T, Shi E, Wang C, Xiu Z, Zhang G. Antegrade versus continuous retrograde del Nido cardioplegia in the David I operation. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27(4):497-502. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2017.02.037
  • Brant SM, Rosenbaum DH, Cobert ML, West LM, Jessen ME, Peltz M. Effects of antegrade and retrograde machine perfusion preservation on cardiac function after transplantation in canines. Transplant Proc. 2014;46(5):1601-1605. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.03.006
  • Cicek MC, Gormus N, Durgut K, Kayrak M, Toker A, Solak Gİ, et al. Comparison of effect of antegrade with combined antegrade-retrograde cardioplegia on inflammatory response and left ventricular systolic function in coronary bypass surgery: A prospective randomized Study. Turk J Clin Lab. 2018; 9(3):179-184. doi:10.18663/tjcl.432111
  • Franke U, Wahlers T, Cohnert TU, Koenig, J, Rath, NF, Wirsing M, et al. Retrograde versus antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia in coronary surgery: value of troponin-I measurement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71(1):249-253. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(00)02145-7
  • Lee JH, Jeong DS, Sung K, Kim WS, Lee YT, Park PW. Clinical results of different myocardial protection techniques in aortic stenosis. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;48(3):164-173. doi:10.5090/kjtcs.2015.48.3.164
  • Lebon JS, Couture P, Colizza M, Fortier A, Rochon A, Ayoub C, et al. Myocardial protection in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: retrograde cardioplegia alone using endovascular coronary sinus catheter compared with combined antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33(5):1197-1204. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.042
  • Kaukoranta PK, Lepojärvi MV, Kiviluoma KT, Ylitalo KV, Peuhkurinen KJ. Myocardial protection during antegrade versus retrograde cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66(3):755-761. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00459-7
  • Özbek B, Toker ME. İzole CABG operasyonlarında aralıklı antegradile tek doz antegrad sonrası devamlı retrograd izotermik kan kardiyopleji uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması. Koşuyolu Heart Journal. 2018;21(1):39-42. doi:10.5578/khj.59696
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cardiovascular Surgery
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bişar Amaç 0000-0003-0320-4239

Murat Ziya Bağış 0000-0002-4088-7510

Early Pub Date April 17, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date October 17, 2023
Acceptance Date January 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Amaç, B., & Bağış, M. Z. (2024). Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery. Abant Medical Journal, 13(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1377193
AMA Amaç B, Bağış MZ. Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery. Abant Med J. April 2024;13(1):16-23. doi:10.47493/abantmedj.1377193
Chicago Amaç, Bişar, and Murat Ziya Bağış. “Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery”. Abant Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (April 2024): 16-23. https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1377193.
EndNote Amaç B, Bağış MZ (April 1, 2024) Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery. Abant Medical Journal 13 1 16–23.
IEEE B. Amaç and M. Z. Bağış, “Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery”, Abant Med J, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 16–23, 2024, doi: 10.47493/abantmedj.1377193.
ISNAD Amaç, Bişar - Bağış, Murat Ziya. “Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery”. Abant Medical Journal 13/1 (April 2024), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1377193.
JAMA Amaç B, Bağış MZ. Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery. Abant Med J. 2024;13:16–23.
MLA Amaç, Bişar and Murat Ziya Bağış. “Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery”. Abant Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024, pp. 16-23, doi:10.47493/abantmedj.1377193.
Vancouver Amaç B, Bağış MZ. Comparison Of Antegrade And Antegrade/Retrograde Blood Cardioplegia Applications In Cardiopulmonary Bypass Accompanıed Cardiac Surgery. Abant Med J. 2024;13(1):16-23.