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IS HISTORY REPEATING ITSELF? #WOMANINMETAVERSE

Year 2023, Issue: 45, 324 - 352, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1355736

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and the emergence of the metaverse have significantly transformed the ways in which individuals communicate, interact, and express themselves in virtual spaces. As the metaverse has become an increasingly integral part of modern society, the representation of gender, particularly women, in these digital realms has gained importance. This research aims to explore the multifaceted evolution of the female figure in the metaverse, examining representations, identity construction, and the socio-cultural and socioeconomic implications of these virtual personas. Through a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis, the research sheds light on how the depiction of the female figure has evolved, the determinants individuals use to shape their digital identities, and the potential impact on real-world gender dynamics. As one of the pioneering works on gender effects in the MV, our findings shed light on how the seeds of gender inequality are still being sown in different forms in the newly created digital world.

References

  • Alaghband, M. & Yee, L. (2022). Even in the metaverse, women remain locked out of leadership roles. McKinsey & Company.
  • Apple. (2021). Inclusion Diversity. https://www.apple.com/diversity/ Access Date: 03.06.2023
  • ArtTactic (2021). NFT art market report. https://news.artnet.com/ market/nftsales-just-16-percent-women-2030490.
  • Boston Consulting Group (BCG). (2023). Web3 already has a gender diversity problem. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/ how-to-unravellack-of-gender-diversity-web3 Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Bozyer, Z., Demir, N. (2023). Geleceğin İnterneti Web 3.0’da Cinsiyet Çeşitliliğinin Önemi. Disiplinlerarası Yaklaşımlarla Kadın Çalışmaları 2. Edi: İnci ERDOĞAN TARAKÇI. Efe Akademi. p: 569-590.
  • Castronova, E. (2005). Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games. University of Chicago Press.
  • Chess, S., & Shaw, A. (2015). A Conspiracy of Fishes, or How We Learned to Stop Worrying About #GamerGate and Embrace Hegemonic Masculinity. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(1), p: 208-220.
  • Consalvo, M. (2017). Cheating: Gaining Advantage in Videogames. The MIT Press.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2015). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. California: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2020). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni (5 b.). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Duan, H., Jiaye, L., Sizheng, F., Zhonghao, L., Xiao, W., & Wei, C. (2021). Metaverse for social good: A university campus prototype. Paper presented at 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Online, October 20–24; p: 153–161.
  • European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). (2021). Artificial intelligence, platform work, and gender equality. https://rm.coe.int/artificial-intelligenceplatform-work-and-gender-equality/1680a56b24 Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Gomez-Herrera, E. and S. Koeszegi (2022). A gender perspective on artificial intelligence and jobs: the vicious cycle of digital inequality, Working Paper 15/2022, Bruegel.
  • Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. Routledge.
  • Hill, C., Corbett, C., & St. Rose, A. (2010). Why so few? Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. American Association of University Women. NW, Washington, DC.
  • Jenkins, H. (2003). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games. MIT Press.
  • Ko, Sun Young, Han Kun Chung, Jong-In Kim, and Youngtae Shin. 2021. A study on the typology and advancement of cultural leisure-based metaverse. KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering 10: 331–38.
  • Meta (2022). Annual diversity report. https://about.fb.com/wpcontent/uploads/2022/07/Meta_Diversity-Data-Summary-Report_2022.pdf Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Microsoft (2021). Global diversity & inclusion report. https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWNrak Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Muller C. & Vasconcelos Aquiar. J. P. (2022). What is the digital divide? Community Networks, Internet Society. https://www. internetsociety.org/blog/2022/03/what-is-the-digital-divide/ Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Nakamura, L. (2002). Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet. Routledge.
  • OECD (2001). Understanding the Digital Divide. https://www.oecd.org/sti/1888451.pdf Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Parmaxi, A. (2020). Virtual reality in language learning: A systematic review and implications for research and practice. Interactive Learning Environments, p: 1–13.
  • Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks. Peter Lang.
  • Shaw, A. (2012). Do You Identify as a Gamer? Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Gamer Identity. New Media & Society, 14(1), p: 28–44.
  • Stephenson, N. (1993). Snow Crash. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Torun, Emel D. (2020). Educational use of social media in higher education: Gender and social networking sites as the predictors of consuming, creating, and sharing content. Acta Educationis Generalis 10: 112–32.
  • Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. Simon & Schuster.
  • TurkStat, Gender Statistics, (2022). TurkStat, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Usage Survey in Households and Individuals, 2005-2022.
  • UNDP, (2022). Kadın Dostu Dijital Yol. https://www.undp.org/tr/turkiye/publications/kadin-dostu-dijital-yol. Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • UNESCO (2022). ITU/UNESCO broadband commission for sustainable development. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000383330.
  • UNESCO (2023). Artificial Intelligence: UNESCO launches Women4Ethical AI expert platform to advance gender equality.
  • World Benchmarking Alliance (WBA). (2021). Digital inclusion benchmark 2021 insights report.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF) (2022). Global gender gap report 2022. http://reports.weforum.org/globalgender-gap-report-2022 Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • YÖK (2023). Yükseköğretim program atlası. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/ Access Date: 03.06.2023.

TARİH TEKERRÜR MÜ EDİYOR? #METAVERSEDEKADIN

Year 2023, Issue: 45, 324 - 352, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1355736

Abstract

Dijital teknolojilerin hızla ilerlemesi ve metaverse'in ortaya çıkışı, bireylerin sanal alanlarda iletişim kurma, etkileşim kurma ve kendilerini ifade etme biçimlerini önemli ölçüde dönüştürmüştür. Metaverse modern toplumun giderek daha ayrılmaz bir parçası haline geldikçe, bu dijital alemlerde toplumsal cinsiyetin, özellikle de kadınların temsili önem kazanmıştır. Bu araştırma, metaverideki kadın figürünün çok yönlü evrimini keşfetmeyi, temsilleri, kimlik inşasını ve bu sanal kişiliklerin sosyo-kültürel ve sosyoekonomik etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, disiplinler arası kapsamlı bir analiz yoluyla, kadın figürünün tasvirinin nasıl geliştiğine, bireylerin dijital kimliklerini şekillendirmek için kullandıkları belirleyicilere ve gerçek dünyadaki toplumsal cinsiyet dinamikleri üzerindeki potansiyel etkiye ışık tutmaktadır. MV'de toplumsal cinsiyet etkileri üzerine öncü çalışmalardan biri olarak bulgular, yeni yaratılan dijital dünyada toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin tohumlarının farklı biçimlerde nasıl atılmaya devam ettiğini tespit etmiş durumdadır.

References

  • Alaghband, M. & Yee, L. (2022). Even in the metaverse, women remain locked out of leadership roles. McKinsey & Company.
  • Apple. (2021). Inclusion Diversity. https://www.apple.com/diversity/ Access Date: 03.06.2023
  • ArtTactic (2021). NFT art market report. https://news.artnet.com/ market/nftsales-just-16-percent-women-2030490.
  • Boston Consulting Group (BCG). (2023). Web3 already has a gender diversity problem. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/ how-to-unravellack-of-gender-diversity-web3 Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Bozyer, Z., Demir, N. (2023). Geleceğin İnterneti Web 3.0’da Cinsiyet Çeşitliliğinin Önemi. Disiplinlerarası Yaklaşımlarla Kadın Çalışmaları 2. Edi: İnci ERDOĞAN TARAKÇI. Efe Akademi. p: 569-590.
  • Castronova, E. (2005). Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games. University of Chicago Press.
  • Chess, S., & Shaw, A. (2015). A Conspiracy of Fishes, or How We Learned to Stop Worrying About #GamerGate and Embrace Hegemonic Masculinity. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(1), p: 208-220.
  • Consalvo, M. (2017). Cheating: Gaining Advantage in Videogames. The MIT Press.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2015). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. California: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2020). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni (5 b.). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Duan, H., Jiaye, L., Sizheng, F., Zhonghao, L., Xiao, W., & Wei, C. (2021). Metaverse for social good: A university campus prototype. Paper presented at 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Online, October 20–24; p: 153–161.
  • European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). (2021). Artificial intelligence, platform work, and gender equality. https://rm.coe.int/artificial-intelligenceplatform-work-and-gender-equality/1680a56b24 Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Gomez-Herrera, E. and S. Koeszegi (2022). A gender perspective on artificial intelligence and jobs: the vicious cycle of digital inequality, Working Paper 15/2022, Bruegel.
  • Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. Routledge.
  • Hill, C., Corbett, C., & St. Rose, A. (2010). Why so few? Women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. American Association of University Women. NW, Washington, DC.
  • Jenkins, H. (2003). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games. MIT Press.
  • Ko, Sun Young, Han Kun Chung, Jong-In Kim, and Youngtae Shin. 2021. A study on the typology and advancement of cultural leisure-based metaverse. KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering 10: 331–38.
  • Meta (2022). Annual diversity report. https://about.fb.com/wpcontent/uploads/2022/07/Meta_Diversity-Data-Summary-Report_2022.pdf Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Microsoft (2021). Global diversity & inclusion report. https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWNrak Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Muller C. & Vasconcelos Aquiar. J. P. (2022). What is the digital divide? Community Networks, Internet Society. https://www. internetsociety.org/blog/2022/03/what-is-the-digital-divide/ Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Nakamura, L. (2002). Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet. Routledge.
  • OECD (2001). Understanding the Digital Divide. https://www.oecd.org/sti/1888451.pdf Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • Parmaxi, A. (2020). Virtual reality in language learning: A systematic review and implications for research and practice. Interactive Learning Environments, p: 1–13.
  • Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks. Peter Lang.
  • Shaw, A. (2012). Do You Identify as a Gamer? Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Gamer Identity. New Media & Society, 14(1), p: 28–44.
  • Stephenson, N. (1993). Snow Crash. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Torun, Emel D. (2020). Educational use of social media in higher education: Gender and social networking sites as the predictors of consuming, creating, and sharing content. Acta Educationis Generalis 10: 112–32.
  • Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. Simon & Schuster.
  • TurkStat, Gender Statistics, (2022). TurkStat, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Usage Survey in Households and Individuals, 2005-2022.
  • UNDP, (2022). Kadın Dostu Dijital Yol. https://www.undp.org/tr/turkiye/publications/kadin-dostu-dijital-yol. Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • UNESCO (2022). ITU/UNESCO broadband commission for sustainable development. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000383330.
  • UNESCO (2023). Artificial Intelligence: UNESCO launches Women4Ethical AI expert platform to advance gender equality.
  • World Benchmarking Alliance (WBA). (2021). Digital inclusion benchmark 2021 insights report.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF) (2022). Global gender gap report 2022. http://reports.weforum.org/globalgender-gap-report-2022 Access Date: 03.06.2023.
  • YÖK (2023). Yükseköğretim program atlası. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/ Access Date: 03.06.2023.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Labor Sociology, Sociology of Inequalities, Women's Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dilara Unuvar Unluoglu 0000-0002-2431-1490

Early Pub Date December 30, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 45

Cite

APA Unuvar Unluoglu, D. (2023). IS HISTORY REPEATING ITSELF? #WOMANINMETAVERSE. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(45), 324-352. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1355736