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Comparison of Fatigue Analysis Results of Steel Plates Coated with Different Chemical Methods and Samples Joined by Single Lap Joining Method at Different Bonding Thicknesses in Wohler Curves

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 176 - 188, 27.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1288047

Abstract

In the second half of18th century As material technology develops day by day within the technological developments that have occurred since the industrial revolution that started, the joining methods of these materials are also being developed. One of these methods is the bonding method in which adhesive chemicals, which have been developed over the last 4 decades, are successfully used. Especially today, as the tendency of automotive companies to reducing the weight of their vehicles increases, the Chemical Joining Method, in which the adhesive element is used as an alternative for the joining of different types and low density materials, is used successfully in almost every industrial sector. In this study, in addition to the natural surface DC01A cold-rolled steel material, which is frequently used in sheet metal coating in the automotive industry, different chemical coating methods such as primer paint and cataphoresis coating were applied, and samples of different thicknesses had been joined with a polyurethane-based adhesive element. The aim of this study is to investigate the thickness and coating method of the adhesive element of two steel materials joined with adhesive to create a strong and flexible bond on the surface. As a research method, fatigue tests were applied to the samples. The results were evaluated by creating Wöhler curves with the Stress (S) and Cycle (N) data obtained as a result of the fatigue tests. As a result of the fatigue test, the cataphoresis coated sample with 3 mm adhesive thickness had infinite life at 0.05 MPA tension, while the other samples failed in the life test. As a result, as a result of the applied tests, it was determined that cataphoresis coated samples with a bonding thickness of up to 3 mm provided better adhesion performance than primer painted samples. Sufficient strength could not be achieved when joining pieces without coating on their surfaces without any coating on the surface were failed

Project Number

KBÜ-BAP-151-DS-041

References

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Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 176 - 188, 27.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1288047

Abstract

18. yy. ikinci yarısında başlayan endüstri devriminden günümüze kadar yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler içinde malzeme teknolojisinin günden güne gelişmesiyle bu malzemelerin birleştirme yöntemleri de geliştirilmektedir. Bu yöntemlerden biri de son 40 yıldır gelişme gösteren yapıştırıcı kimyasalların başarıyla kullanıldığı yapıştırma metodudur. Özellikle günümüzde otomotiv firmalarının araçlarının ağırlıklarını hafifleştirilme eğilimi arttığı için farklı türdeki ve düşük yoğunluktaki malzemelerin birleştirilmesinde alternatif olarak yapıştırıcı elemanının kullanıldığı Kimyasal Birleştirme Metodu hemen hemen her sektörde başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, otomotiv sektöründe sac kaplamada sıklıkla kullanılan DC01A soğuk haddelenmiş çelik malzemenin doğal yüzeyine ilaveten astar boya ve kataforez kaplama olarak farklı kimyasal kaplama metotları uygulanmış olup, poliüretan bazlı bir yapıştırıcı elemanıyla farklı kalınlıklarda çelik numuneler birleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapıştırıcı ile birleştirilen iki çelik malzemenin yapıştırıcı elemanın hangi kalınlıkta ve hangi kaplama metodunun yüzeyinde güçlü ve esnek bir bağ oluşturduğunu araştırmaktır. Araştırma metodu olarak numunelere yorulma testleri uygulanmıştır. Yorulma testi sonucunda 3 mm yapıştırıcı kalınlığındaki kataforez kaplı numune 0,05 MPA gerilimde sonsuz ömre sahip olurken, diğer numuneler ömür testinde başarısız olmuştur. Yorulma testleri sonucunda elde edilen Gerilim (S) ve Çevirim (N) verileriyle Wöhler eğrileri oluşturarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, uygulanan testler sonuçlarında 3 mm.’ye kadar yapıştırma kalınlığında ve kataforez kaplı numuneler, astar boyalı numunelere göre daha iyi yapışma performansı sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yüzeyinde kaplama olmayan numunelerin birleştirilmesinde yeterli dayanım elde edilememiştir.

Supporting Institution

T.C. Karabük Üniversitesi bilimsel araştırma projeleri (BAP) koordinatörlüğü, Hyundai Assan Otomotiv Sanayi A.Ş, Sika Türkiye

Project Number

KBÜ-BAP-151-DS-041

Thanks

Bu çalışma, T.C. Karabük Üniversitesi bilimsel araştırma projeleri (BAP) koordinatörlüğü kapsamında, KBÜ-BAP-151-DS-041 numaralı, hızlı destek projesi olarak desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca, yazar, çelik malzeme tedariğinde Hyundai Assan Otomotiv Sanayi A.Ş’ye, yapıştırıcı tedariğinde Sika Türkiye’ye, ve gözlemlerin bir bölümünde beraber yol aldığı Karabük Üniversitesi Makine Mühendisliği öğrencilerinden Ali Mert İLMENÖZ, Göksel KULA, Kamil AKDOĞAN, Onur ATAMAN’a ve proje onayında katkısı bulunanlara, makalenin olgunlaşmasına katkı koyan hakem ve editörlere, desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederim.

References

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  • Al-Moghazy, M., Mahmoud, M., and Nada, A. A. 2020. Fabrication of cellulose-based adhesive composite as an active packaging material to extend the shelf life of cheese. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 160, pp.264-275.
  • Alsoufi, M. , Bawazeer, T. , Alhazmi, M. and Azam, S., 2017. The Effect of Detergents on the Appearance of Automotive Clearcoat Systems Studied in an Outdoor Weathering Test. Materials Sciences and Applications, 8, 521-536.
  • Andaloussi H.A., Mouton, L., Ahmad, A.S., Errotahabere, X., Mougin, S.M., Paboeuf, S., 2022. Fatigue of adhesive bonding: World first fatigue S-N curve for FPSO application. Procedia Structural Integrity, 38, 238–250.
  • Bamberg, P. A. M. G. P., Reisgen, U., Schiebahn, A., Barbosa, J. D. V., Marx, B., and Coelho, R. S., 2018. Digital Image Correlation Analysis Of The Effects Of The Overlap Length, Adhesive Thickness And Adherends Yield Strength Over Similar And Dissimilar Joints Of High Strength Steel And Aluminum Alloys. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 83, 69–75.
  • Banea, M. D., Barros, S. de.Budhe, S., Ghumatkar, A., Sekhar, R., 2016. Influence of Adherend Surface Roughness on the Adhesive Bond Strength. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 13(13), 2356–2370.
  • Banea, M.D., da Silva, L.F.M., 2009. Adhesively bonded joints in composite materials: an overview. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials Design and Applications, 223 (1), 1-18.
  • Baur, P., Casari, P., Choqueuse, D., Davies, P. Roy, A., 2004. Structural mechanical testing of a full-size adhesively bonded motorboat. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 218(4), 259–265.
  • Baykara, C., 2023. Effect of single-lap joint different adhesive thickness on fatigue strentgth of metals with different surface coatings. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 237 (17), 1– 18.
  • Baykara, C., Teke, I.T, Ertas, A.H, 2023. Effects of the single-lap joint on fatigue strength of metals with different surface coatings: a numerical solution. TransSiberia, 402, 11011.
  • Bowen, L., Anand, N., Hossein, A., Soheil, S., 2019. Analyzing effects of surface roughness, voids, and particle-matrix interfacial bonding on the failure response of a heterogeneous adhesive. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 346, 410-439.
  • Braga D.F.O., De Sousa L.M.C, Infante V., Da Silva L.F.M., Moreira P.M.G.P., 2015. Aluminium friction stir weldbonding. Procedia Engineering, 114, 223–31.
  • Budhe, S., Ghumatkar, A., Birajdar, N., Banea, M.D., 2015. Effect of surface roughness using different adherend materials on the adhesive bond strength. Applied Adhesion Science, 3, 1-10.
  • Burchardt, B., Dilger, K., Frauenhofer, M., 2018. Handbook of Adhesion Technology, L.F.M. da Silva, A. Ochsner, R.D. Adams (Eds.), second ed., Springer, pp. 1333–1366.
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  • Davies P, Marine industry, 2018. Hand- book of Adhesion Technology , L.F.M. da Silva, A. Ochsner, R.D. Adams (Eds.), second ed., Springer, pp. 1391–1418.
  • Davis, G.D., 2003. Handbook of adhesive technology, Mittal KL, Pizzi A (eds), CRC Press, p. 273.
  • Duarte, A.P., Coelho, J.F., Bordado, J.C. , Cidade, M.T. Gil, M.H. , 2012. Surgical adhesives: systematic review of the main types and development forecast. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(8), 1031–1050.
  • Ebnesajjad S., 2011. Handbook of adhesives and surface preparation. Sina Ebnesajjad, (ed) William Andrew, p. 259–300.
  • Ertas, A. H., Yilmaz, Y. & Baykara, C., 2008. An investigation of the effect of the gap values between the overlap portions of the spot-welded pieces on fatigue life. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 222 (6), 881-890.
  • Ferreira, J.A.M., Reis, P.N.B., Costa, J.D.M. and Richardson, M.O.W., 2002. Fatigue Behaviour of Composite Adhesive Lap Joints. Composites Science and Technology, 62(10- 11), 1373–1379.
  • Frassetto, A., Breschi, L., Turco, G., Marchesi, G., Di Lenarda, R., Tay, F. R and Cadenaro, M. 2016. Mechanisms of degradation of the hybrid layer in adhesive dentistry and therapeutic agents to improve bond durability—A literature review. Dental Materials, 32(2), e41–e53.
  • Ghumatkar, A., Sekhar, R., Budhe, S., 2017. Experimental study on different adherend surface roughness on the adhesive bond strength. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(8), 7801–7809.
  • Golewski, P., Nowicki, M. T., Sadowski, T., Pietras, D., 2021. Bending degradation of thinwalled box beams made of aluminum omega profile and GFRP panel connected by mechanical fasteners. Composite Structure, 282, 115111.
  • Goudarzi, R.H., Khedmati, M.R., 2015. An experimental investigation of static load capacity of AL-GFRP adhesively bonded single lap and double butt lap joints. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 12, 183-1594.
  • Grätzla, T, Van Dijka , Y., Schrammb, N., et.al., 2019. Influence of the automotive paint shop on mechanical properties of continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. Composite Structures, 208, 557-565.
  • Hartz, J. J., Zeig, T., Attin, T., and Wegehaupt, F. J., 2021. Adhesive application before hydrofluoric acid etching during repair procedure in dentistry. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 111, 102960.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Celalettin Baykara 0000-0003-3403-6020

Project Number KBÜ-BAP-151-DS-041
Publication Date February 27, 2024
Submission Date April 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baykara, C. (2024). Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 176-188. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1288047
AMA Baykara C. Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. February 2024;24(1):176-188. doi:10.35414/akufemubid.1288047
Chicago Baykara, Celalettin. “Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24, no. 1 (February 2024): 176-88. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1288047.
EndNote Baykara C (February 1, 2024) Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24 1 176–188.
IEEE C. Baykara, “Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 176–188, 2024, doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.1288047.
ISNAD Baykara, Celalettin. “Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24/1 (February 2024), 176-188. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1288047.
JAMA Baykara C. Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;24:176–188.
MLA Baykara, Celalettin. “Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 1, 2024, pp. 176-88, doi:10.35414/akufemubid.1288047.
Vancouver Baykara C. Farklı Kimyasal Yöntemlerle Kaplanmış Çelik Plakaların Farklı Yapıştırma Kalınlıklarda Tek Bindirmeli Birleştirme Yöntemiyle Birleştirilen Numunelerin Yorulma Analizleri Sonuçlarının Wöhler Eğrilerinde Karşılaştırılması. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;24(1):176-88.