Research Article
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Rivalry in the New Geopolitics of the Mediterranean: Turkey’s Geostrategic Vision and Its Effects on Foreign (Energy) and Security Policies

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 417 - 431, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.961184

Abstract

The Eastern Mediterranean (EM) has endured significant geopolitical alterations in the last decade through the new oil and natural discoveries. The energy issues in the region present geostrategic inferences for the states to assure their economic, politic and geostrategic interests and also accelerate the rivalry among the surrounding states and external powers. In addition, new oil and natural sources discoveries have triggered and increased regional insecurity and instability. Turkey with her geopolitical position is one part of the rivalry in the context of the new geopolitics of the Mediterranean. As a rival, Turkey has struggled for and maintaining its economic and geopolitical interests. Moreover, Turkey aims to be a regional energy hub in the region as a transit route and by its growing gas market. Turkey has distinctly presented a pretentious foreign policy approach with multilateral diplomacy and military deterrence in the regional political debates. The article analyses Turkey’s geostrategic vision and its effects on Turkey’s Turkey’s foreign and energy security policies.

References

  • Aydıntaşbaş, A. (2020). Turkey: a deal is possible. https://ecfr.eu/ special /eastern_med/turkey (accessed on 24 December 2020).
  • Bakeer, A. H. (2013). Future of Turkish-Egyptian ties after military coup. Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 1-6, (accessed on 5 January 2021), https://studies.aljazeera. net/en/reports/2013/12/ 20131217113236236557.html.
  • BBC News Türkçe (2019). Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı Macron: NATO’nun beyin ölümü gerçekleşti. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-50342428 (accessed on 2 January 2021).
  • Biresselioğlu, M. E. (2019). Clashing interests in the Eastern Mediterranean: what about Turkey?. Insight Turkey, 21(4), 115-134. DOI:10.25253/99.2019214.
  • Buzan, B. (1983). People, states and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books.
  • Cohen, M. & Freilich, C. (2014). Breakdown and possible restart: Turkish-Israeli relations under the AKP. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 8, 1-17.
  • Erşen, E. B. (2019). Turkey, Israel gas cooperation lucrative for capitalizing on East Med resources. Daily Sabah: Energy, https://www. dailysabah.com/energy/2019/12/17/turkey-israel-gas-cooperation-lucrative-for-capitalizing-on-east-med-resources (accessed on 6 January 2021).
  • Escribano, G. (2018). The political economy of energy in the Eastern Mediterranean. R. Gillespie and F. Volpi (eds.) in Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics, New York: Routledge, 232-243.
  • Giannakopoulos, A. (2016). The Eastern Mediterranean in light of recent energy developments and their impact. Angelos Giannakopoulos (ed.) in Energy cooperation and security in the Eastern Mediterranean: a seismic shift towards peace or conflict?, 11-22. Research Paper No.8, Tel Aviv: The S. Daniel Abraham Center for International and Regional Studies, Tel Aviv University.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2014). Energy discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: conflict or cooperation?. Middle East Policy, 21(3), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12087.
  • Haas, R. (2017). A world in disarray: American foreign policy and the crisis of the old order. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Helvacıköylü, G. (2020). Libya satrancında yeni hamle: Mısır’ın askeri müdahale çıkışı Türkiye’ye mesaj mı?. http:// politikaakademisi.org/2020/06/27/libya-satrancinda-yeni-hamle-misirin-askeri-mudahale-cikisi-turkiyeye-mesaj-mi/ (accessed on 14 December 2020).
  • Işıksal, H., & Maaitah, Q. K. S. (2020). Turkish-American relations in the Middle East in the post-Arab Spring era: the bonds that are no longer tight. H. Işıksal and O. Örmeci (eds.) in Historical examinations and current issues in Turkish-American relations, Berlin: Peter Lang, 247-265.
  • Kısacık, S., & Helvacıköylü, G. (2020). Doğu Akdeniz’deki enerji temelli askeri güvenlik gelişmelerinin Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdenizli komşuları ve küresel güçlerle olan ilişkilerine yansımaları. UPA Strategic Affairs, (1), 85-145.
  • Kissenger, H. (2014). World Order. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Marketos, T. N. (2021). Energy geopolitics crossovers in central & Eastern Mediterranean at the prize of the energy union policy. Michalis Mathioulakis (ed.) in Aspects of the energy union, energy, climate and the environment. 47-71. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55981-6_3.
  • Merz, F. (2020). Trouble with Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. CSS Analyses in Security Policy, no. 275: 1-5, https://css.ethz .ch/en/ publications/css-analyses-in-security-policy/details.html? id=/n/o/2/7/no_275_turkey_in_the_eastern_mediterrane (accessed on 5 January 2021).
  • Öğütçü, M. (2020). Yeni dünyanın gizli şifreleri: gerçekçi bir 2030 Türkiye vizyonu. İstanbul: Destek Yayınları.
  • Örmeci, O., & Kısacık, S. (2020). Cutting the Gordion knot: Turkish foreign policy towards Cyprus During AK party era (2002-2020). Studia I Analizy Nauk O Polityce 1, 21-64. https://doi.org/10 .31743/sanp.9838.
  • Sputnik International. (2020). Who benefits from new gas pipeline in Eastern Mediterranean, and who is bothered by it?. 28 July 2020. https://sputniknews.com/ business/2020072810799934 44-who-benefits-from-new-gas-pipeline-in-eastern-mediterranean-and-who-is-bothered-with-it/ (accessed on 11 January 2021).
  • Stergiou, A. (2019). Geopolitics and energy security in the Eastern Mediterranean: the formation of new ‘energy alliences’. Zenonas Tziarras (ed.) in The new geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean: trilateral partnerships and regional security. 11-31. Peace Research institute (PRIO) Report 3. Oslo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. https:// www.prio.org/Publications/Publication/?x=11329.
  • Tanchum, M. (2020). Turkey’s Libyan intervention heightens Franco-Turkish systemic rivalry. http://turkishpolicy.com/blog/50/turkeys-libyan-intervention-heightens-franco-turkish-systemic rivalry (accessed on 4 January 2021).
  • Tanchum, M. (2019). A dangerous policy of Turkish containment in the Eastern Mediterranean. http://turkishpolicy.com/blog/35/a-dangerous-policy-of-turkish-containment-in-the-eastern mediterranean (accessed on 4 January 2021).
  • Tzanetakou, N. (2019). Fatih Birol: The Eastern Mediterranean does not change the terms of the “game.” Independent Balkan News Agency (IBNA), 4 January 2019, https://balkaneu . com/fatih-birol-the-eastern-mediterranean-does-not change-the-terms-of-the-game/ (accessed on 11 January 2021).
  • Tziampiris, A. (2019). The new Eastern Mediterranean as a regional subsystem. Spyridon N. Litsas & Aristotle Tziampiris (eds.) in The New Eastern Mediterranean. 1-31. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90758-1.
  • Tziarras Z. (2019). The new geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean – An introduction. Zenonas Tziarras (ed.) in The new geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean: trilateral partnerships and regional security. 5-11. Peace Research Institute (PRIO) Report 3. Oslo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. https://www.prio.org/ Publications/Publication/?x=11329.
  • Yergin, D. (2020). The new map: energy, climate, and the clash of nations. Great Britain: Allan Lane-An Imprint of Penguin Books.

Doğu Akdeniz’in Yeni Jeopolitiğinde Rekabet: Türkiye’nin Jeostratejik Vizyonu ve Dış (Enerji) ve Güvenlik Politikalarına Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 417 - 431, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.961184

Abstract

Doğu Akdeniz, son yıllarda keşfedilen petrol ve doğal kaynaklar vasıtasıyla önemli jeopolitik değişimler yaşamaktadır. Bölgedeki enerji konuları, bölge devletlerinin ekonomik, politik ve jeostratejik çıkarlarını temin etmek ve sürdürmek adına jeostratejik sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmakta ve Doğu Akdeniz’i çevreleyen devletler ile dış güçler olmak üzere taraflar arasında rekabeti arttırmaktadır. Yeni petrol ve doğal kaynakların keşfi ayrıca bölgenin güvenliğini ve istikrarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Türkiye de jeopolitik konumu ile Akdeniz’in değişen jeopolitiği bağlamında rekabetin önemli bir parçasıdır. Rekabetçi olarak Türkiye de ekonomik ve jeopolitik çıkarlarını koruyup sürdürmek istemektedir. Üstelik Türkiye genişleyen doğal gaz pazarı ile bölgesel enerji transfer merkezi olma amacındadır. Türkiye bu amacına yönelik çok taraflı diplomasi ve bölgedeki politik tartışmalar içinde askeri caydırıcılığa da yer vererek iddialı ve inatçı bir dış politika yaklaşımı ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin jeostratejik vizyonunu ve bu vizyonun Türk dış politikasına ve enerji güvenliği politikasına olan etkilerini analiz etmektedir.

References

  • Aydıntaşbaş, A. (2020). Turkey: a deal is possible. https://ecfr.eu/ special /eastern_med/turkey (accessed on 24 December 2020).
  • Bakeer, A. H. (2013). Future of Turkish-Egyptian ties after military coup. Al Jazeera Center for Studies, 1-6, (accessed on 5 January 2021), https://studies.aljazeera. net/en/reports/2013/12/ 20131217113236236557.html.
  • BBC News Türkçe (2019). Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı Macron: NATO’nun beyin ölümü gerçekleşti. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-50342428 (accessed on 2 January 2021).
  • Biresselioğlu, M. E. (2019). Clashing interests in the Eastern Mediterranean: what about Turkey?. Insight Turkey, 21(4), 115-134. DOI:10.25253/99.2019214.
  • Buzan, B. (1983). People, states and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books.
  • Cohen, M. & Freilich, C. (2014). Breakdown and possible restart: Turkish-Israeli relations under the AKP. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 8, 1-17.
  • Erşen, E. B. (2019). Turkey, Israel gas cooperation lucrative for capitalizing on East Med resources. Daily Sabah: Energy, https://www. dailysabah.com/energy/2019/12/17/turkey-israel-gas-cooperation-lucrative-for-capitalizing-on-east-med-resources (accessed on 6 January 2021).
  • Escribano, G. (2018). The political economy of energy in the Eastern Mediterranean. R. Gillespie and F. Volpi (eds.) in Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics, New York: Routledge, 232-243.
  • Giannakopoulos, A. (2016). The Eastern Mediterranean in light of recent energy developments and their impact. Angelos Giannakopoulos (ed.) in Energy cooperation and security in the Eastern Mediterranean: a seismic shift towards peace or conflict?, 11-22. Research Paper No.8, Tel Aviv: The S. Daniel Abraham Center for International and Regional Studies, Tel Aviv University.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2014). Energy discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: conflict or cooperation?. Middle East Policy, 21(3), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12087.
  • Haas, R. (2017). A world in disarray: American foreign policy and the crisis of the old order. New York: Penguin Press.
  • Helvacıköylü, G. (2020). Libya satrancında yeni hamle: Mısır’ın askeri müdahale çıkışı Türkiye’ye mesaj mı?. http:// politikaakademisi.org/2020/06/27/libya-satrancinda-yeni-hamle-misirin-askeri-mudahale-cikisi-turkiyeye-mesaj-mi/ (accessed on 14 December 2020).
  • Işıksal, H., & Maaitah, Q. K. S. (2020). Turkish-American relations in the Middle East in the post-Arab Spring era: the bonds that are no longer tight. H. Işıksal and O. Örmeci (eds.) in Historical examinations and current issues in Turkish-American relations, Berlin: Peter Lang, 247-265.
  • Kısacık, S., & Helvacıköylü, G. (2020). Doğu Akdeniz’deki enerji temelli askeri güvenlik gelişmelerinin Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdenizli komşuları ve küresel güçlerle olan ilişkilerine yansımaları. UPA Strategic Affairs, (1), 85-145.
  • Kissenger, H. (2014). World Order. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Marketos, T. N. (2021). Energy geopolitics crossovers in central & Eastern Mediterranean at the prize of the energy union policy. Michalis Mathioulakis (ed.) in Aspects of the energy union, energy, climate and the environment. 47-71. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55981-6_3.
  • Merz, F. (2020). Trouble with Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. CSS Analyses in Security Policy, no. 275: 1-5, https://css.ethz .ch/en/ publications/css-analyses-in-security-policy/details.html? id=/n/o/2/7/no_275_turkey_in_the_eastern_mediterrane (accessed on 5 January 2021).
  • Öğütçü, M. (2020). Yeni dünyanın gizli şifreleri: gerçekçi bir 2030 Türkiye vizyonu. İstanbul: Destek Yayınları.
  • Örmeci, O., & Kısacık, S. (2020). Cutting the Gordion knot: Turkish foreign policy towards Cyprus During AK party era (2002-2020). Studia I Analizy Nauk O Polityce 1, 21-64. https://doi.org/10 .31743/sanp.9838.
  • Sputnik International. (2020). Who benefits from new gas pipeline in Eastern Mediterranean, and who is bothered by it?. 28 July 2020. https://sputniknews.com/ business/2020072810799934 44-who-benefits-from-new-gas-pipeline-in-eastern-mediterranean-and-who-is-bothered-with-it/ (accessed on 11 January 2021).
  • Stergiou, A. (2019). Geopolitics and energy security in the Eastern Mediterranean: the formation of new ‘energy alliences’. Zenonas Tziarras (ed.) in The new geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean: trilateral partnerships and regional security. 11-31. Peace Research institute (PRIO) Report 3. Oslo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. https:// www.prio.org/Publications/Publication/?x=11329.
  • Tanchum, M. (2020). Turkey’s Libyan intervention heightens Franco-Turkish systemic rivalry. http://turkishpolicy.com/blog/50/turkeys-libyan-intervention-heightens-franco-turkish-systemic rivalry (accessed on 4 January 2021).
  • Tanchum, M. (2019). A dangerous policy of Turkish containment in the Eastern Mediterranean. http://turkishpolicy.com/blog/35/a-dangerous-policy-of-turkish-containment-in-the-eastern mediterranean (accessed on 4 January 2021).
  • Tzanetakou, N. (2019). Fatih Birol: The Eastern Mediterranean does not change the terms of the “game.” Independent Balkan News Agency (IBNA), 4 January 2019, https://balkaneu . com/fatih-birol-the-eastern-mediterranean-does-not change-the-terms-of-the-game/ (accessed on 11 January 2021).
  • Tziampiris, A. (2019). The new Eastern Mediterranean as a regional subsystem. Spyridon N. Litsas & Aristotle Tziampiris (eds.) in The New Eastern Mediterranean. 1-31. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90758-1.
  • Tziarras Z. (2019). The new geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean – An introduction. Zenonas Tziarras (ed.) in The new geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean: trilateral partnerships and regional security. 5-11. Peace Research Institute (PRIO) Report 3. Oslo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. https://www.prio.org/ Publications/Publication/?x=11329.
  • Yergin, D. (2020). The new map: energy, climate, and the clash of nations. Great Britain: Allan Lane-An Imprint of Penguin Books.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Yorulmaz 0000-0002-3664-0451

Sina Kısacık 0000-0002-3603-6510

Gamze Helvacıköylü 0000-0001-8917-2121

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Acceptance Date March 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yorulmaz, M., Kısacık, S., & Helvacıköylü, G. (2022). Rivalry in the New Geopolitics of the Mediterranean: Turkey’s Geostrategic Vision and Its Effects on Foreign (Energy) and Security Policies. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 417-431. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.961184

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