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REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 489 - 515, 27.12.2023

Abstract

This study, which focuses on the comparison of the East African Community (EAC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), seeks answer to the question of what are the critical points in the historical processes of these two organizations. While the EAC and ECOWAS, which have had problems in creating sustainable financial resources and taking rapid action throughout the historical period; -although the desired goals cannot be fully achieved-, have been effective in promoting economic growth, facilitating trade, improving living standards, enhancing infrastructure, and most importantly, strengthening regional cooperation, they have not found sufficient recognition in academic studies.

References

  • ADAR, K. G. et al. (2020). Conclusion and Recommendations: Toward Eastafricanness and Eastafricanization Epistemological Debate. Korwa Gombe Adar et al. (Ed.). Popular Participation in the Integration of the East African Community. Maryland: Lexington Books.
  • African Development Bank. (2020). West Africa Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2020-2025.
  • African Union (AU). (2021). African Integration Report: Putting Free Movement of Persons at the Centre of Continental Integration.
  • AKPERAN, A. J., and KAYODE, S. G. (2010). The role of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in promoting borderless trade in West Africa. CBN Bullion, 34 (4), 31-40.
  • ANADI, S. K. M. (2005). Regional Integration in Africa: The Case Of ECOWAS. Faculty of Arts of the University of Zurich. PhD thesis.
  • ANAMI, A. K. (2023). Contribution of regional integration to economic development of member states, case study: East African community (EAC). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 17 (02), 758–769.
  • BABU, J. O. et al. (2015). Effect of domestic debt on economic growth in the east African community. American Journal of Research Communication, 3(9): (73-95).
  • BOULDEN, J. (Ed). (2013). Responding to Conflict in Africa: The United Nations and Regional Organizations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • BROWN, M. L. (2018). Regional Economic Organizations and Conventional Security Challenges. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • CHAMBAS, M. I. (2007). The Role of the Economic Community of West African States in Achieving the Economic Integration of West Africa. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Washington, D.C.
  • COLLIER, P. Emerging East Africa: Achievements and Goals of the East African Community. Hamid R. Davoodi (Ed.). The East African Community After Ten Years: Deepening Integration.
  • CORBETT, J. et al. (2021). International Organızations And Small States: Participation, Legitimacy And Vulnerability. UK: Bristol University Press.
  • EAC Regional Status Report. (2016). Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
  • East African Community (EAC). (2023). Official website. https://www.eac.int/
  • Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). (2023). Official website. https://ecowas.int/
  • ECOWAS Commission. (2022). ECOWAS Vision 2050. Abuja: ECOWAS.
  • GOLIA JR, A. and PETERS, A. (2022). The Concept of International Organization. Jan Klabbers. (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to International Organizations Law (p. 25-49). UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • IYI, J.-M. (2016). Humanitarian Intervention and the AU-ECOWAS Intervention Treaties Under International Law. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • IYOHA, M. and OKIM, A. (2017). The impact of trade on economic growth in ECOWAS countries: Evidence from panel data. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics. ISSN 2476-8472, The Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Vol. 08, Iss. 1, pp. 23-49.
  • KATEMBO, B. (2008). Pan Africanism and Development: The East African Community Model. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol. 2, no. 4.
  • KIDANE, S. T. (2010). The Structural Impediments to African Reintegration: A Comparative Analysis of EAC, ECOWAS and SADC. University of Pretoria: Master of Arts Thesis.
  • KOGBE, D. (2023). Rethinking Civil Society Regionalism in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities in Democratic Participation and Peacebuilding in the Post-ECOWAS Vision 2020. London: Routledge.
  • MCAULIFFE, C. et al. Sustaining Growth in the East African Community. Hamid R. Davoodi (Ed.). The East African Community After Ten Years: Deepening Integration.
  • MUTHURI, R. N. D. K. et al. (2020). Determinants of Motivation among Healthcare Workers in the East African Community between 2009–2019: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 8, 164.
  • O’REILLY, P. J. (2019). Agency, Ideas and Institutions: The East African Community in the Emerging Economic Order. University of York. PhD Thesis.
  • OGBONNA, E. C. et al. (2013). The ECOWAS Platform and the Persisting Challenges of Integrating the West African Region: A Discourse. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. Vol.4, No.1.
  • PITRONE, A. (2023). Solidarity in The African System. Leonardo Pasquali. (Ed.). Solidarity in International Law: Challenges, Opportunities and The Role of Regional Organizations. London: Routledge.
  • RIBEIRO, C. C. N. (2022). Overlapping Regional Organizations in South America and Africa: Coexistence Through Political Crises. Switzerland: Springer.
  • RUGANI, G. (2023). Solidarity In Ecowas, A Sub-Regional African Organisation With Relevant Similarities To The Eu. Leonardo Pasquali. (Ed.). Solidarity in International Law: Challenges, Opportunities and The Role of Regional Organizations. London: Routledge.
  • SPANDLER, K. (2019). Regional Organizations in International Society: ASEAN, the EU and the Politics of Normative Arguing. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • STAPEL, S. (2022). Regional Organizations and Democracy, Human Rights, and the Rule of Law: The African Union, Organization of American States, and the Diffusion of Institutions. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • STILES, K. (2023). The Domestic Sources Of International Institutions: Making up the Rules. New York: Routledge.
  • THARANI, A. (2017). Harmonization in the EAC. Emmanuel Ugirashebuja et al. (Ed.). East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff.
  • TSHIMPAKA, L. M. et al. (2021). Regional Economic Communities and Integration in Southern Africa: Networks of Civil Society Organizations and Alternative Regionalism. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • UGIRASHEBUJA, E. et al. (2017). East African Community law: institutional, substantive and comparative EU aspects. Leiden : Brill Nijhoff.
  • UKAIGWE, J. (2016). ECOWAS Law. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). (2015). Report on sustainable development goals for the Eastern Africa subregion. Ethiopia.
  • YABI, G. O. (2010). The Role of ECOWAS in Managing Political Crisis and Conflict: The Cases of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. Nigeria: Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung

Afrika’da Bölgesel Entegrasyon: EAC ve ECOWAS

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 489 - 515, 27.12.2023

Abstract

Doğu Afrika Topluluğu (EAC) ile Batı Afrika Devletleri Ekonomik Topluluğu (ECOWAS)’ın karşılaştırılmasına odaklanan bu çalışma; bu iki organizasyonun tarihsel süreçlerinde kritik noktalar nelerdir sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. EAC ile ECOWAS; -arzu edilen hedeflere tam olarak ulaşılamasa da-, ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik etme, ticareti kolaylaştırma, yaşam standartlarını yükseltme, altyapıyı geliştirme ve en önemlisi bölgesel iş birliğini güçlendirme konularında etkiliyken; akademik çalışmalarda yeterince kendine yer bulamamıştır.

References

  • ADAR, K. G. et al. (2020). Conclusion and Recommendations: Toward Eastafricanness and Eastafricanization Epistemological Debate. Korwa Gombe Adar et al. (Ed.). Popular Participation in the Integration of the East African Community. Maryland: Lexington Books.
  • African Development Bank. (2020). West Africa Regional Integration Strategy Paper, 2020-2025.
  • African Union (AU). (2021). African Integration Report: Putting Free Movement of Persons at the Centre of Continental Integration.
  • AKPERAN, A. J., and KAYODE, S. G. (2010). The role of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in promoting borderless trade in West Africa. CBN Bullion, 34 (4), 31-40.
  • ANADI, S. K. M. (2005). Regional Integration in Africa: The Case Of ECOWAS. Faculty of Arts of the University of Zurich. PhD thesis.
  • ANAMI, A. K. (2023). Contribution of regional integration to economic development of member states, case study: East African community (EAC). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 17 (02), 758–769.
  • BABU, J. O. et al. (2015). Effect of domestic debt on economic growth in the east African community. American Journal of Research Communication, 3(9): (73-95).
  • BOULDEN, J. (Ed). (2013). Responding to Conflict in Africa: The United Nations and Regional Organizations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • BROWN, M. L. (2018). Regional Economic Organizations and Conventional Security Challenges. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • CHAMBAS, M. I. (2007). The Role of the Economic Community of West African States in Achieving the Economic Integration of West Africa. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Washington, D.C.
  • COLLIER, P. Emerging East Africa: Achievements and Goals of the East African Community. Hamid R. Davoodi (Ed.). The East African Community After Ten Years: Deepening Integration.
  • CORBETT, J. et al. (2021). International Organızations And Small States: Participation, Legitimacy And Vulnerability. UK: Bristol University Press.
  • EAC Regional Status Report. (2016). Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
  • East African Community (EAC). (2023). Official website. https://www.eac.int/
  • Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). (2023). Official website. https://ecowas.int/
  • ECOWAS Commission. (2022). ECOWAS Vision 2050. Abuja: ECOWAS.
  • GOLIA JR, A. and PETERS, A. (2022). The Concept of International Organization. Jan Klabbers. (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to International Organizations Law (p. 25-49). UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • IYI, J.-M. (2016). Humanitarian Intervention and the AU-ECOWAS Intervention Treaties Under International Law. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • IYOHA, M. and OKIM, A. (2017). The impact of trade on economic growth in ECOWAS countries: Evidence from panel data. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics. ISSN 2476-8472, The Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Vol. 08, Iss. 1, pp. 23-49.
  • KATEMBO, B. (2008). Pan Africanism and Development: The East African Community Model. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol. 2, no. 4.
  • KIDANE, S. T. (2010). The Structural Impediments to African Reintegration: A Comparative Analysis of EAC, ECOWAS and SADC. University of Pretoria: Master of Arts Thesis.
  • KOGBE, D. (2023). Rethinking Civil Society Regionalism in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities in Democratic Participation and Peacebuilding in the Post-ECOWAS Vision 2020. London: Routledge.
  • MCAULIFFE, C. et al. Sustaining Growth in the East African Community. Hamid R. Davoodi (Ed.). The East African Community After Ten Years: Deepening Integration.
  • MUTHURI, R. N. D. K. et al. (2020). Determinants of Motivation among Healthcare Workers in the East African Community between 2009–2019: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 8, 164.
  • O’REILLY, P. J. (2019). Agency, Ideas and Institutions: The East African Community in the Emerging Economic Order. University of York. PhD Thesis.
  • OGBONNA, E. C. et al. (2013). The ECOWAS Platform and the Persisting Challenges of Integrating the West African Region: A Discourse. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. Vol.4, No.1.
  • PITRONE, A. (2023). Solidarity in The African System. Leonardo Pasquali. (Ed.). Solidarity in International Law: Challenges, Opportunities and The Role of Regional Organizations. London: Routledge.
  • RIBEIRO, C. C. N. (2022). Overlapping Regional Organizations in South America and Africa: Coexistence Through Political Crises. Switzerland: Springer.
  • RUGANI, G. (2023). Solidarity In Ecowas, A Sub-Regional African Organisation With Relevant Similarities To The Eu. Leonardo Pasquali. (Ed.). Solidarity in International Law: Challenges, Opportunities and The Role of Regional Organizations. London: Routledge.
  • SPANDLER, K. (2019). Regional Organizations in International Society: ASEAN, the EU and the Politics of Normative Arguing. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • STAPEL, S. (2022). Regional Organizations and Democracy, Human Rights, and the Rule of Law: The African Union, Organization of American States, and the Diffusion of Institutions. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • STILES, K. (2023). The Domestic Sources Of International Institutions: Making up the Rules. New York: Routledge.
  • THARANI, A. (2017). Harmonization in the EAC. Emmanuel Ugirashebuja et al. (Ed.). East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff.
  • TSHIMPAKA, L. M. et al. (2021). Regional Economic Communities and Integration in Southern Africa: Networks of Civil Society Organizations and Alternative Regionalism. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • UGIRASHEBUJA, E. et al. (2017). East African Community law: institutional, substantive and comparative EU aspects. Leiden : Brill Nijhoff.
  • UKAIGWE, J. (2016). ECOWAS Law. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). (2015). Report on sustainable development goals for the Eastern Africa subregion. Ethiopia.
  • YABI, G. O. (2010). The Role of ECOWAS in Managing Political Crisis and Conflict: The Cases of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. Nigeria: Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects African Studies, Regional Studies, International Institutions
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Süleyman Dal 0000-0001-6918-0706

Publication Date December 27, 2023
Submission Date September 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dal, S. (2023). REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(2), 489-515.
AMA Dal S. REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS. BAD. December 2023;7(2):489-515.
Chicago Dal, Süleyman. “REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS”. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi 7, no. 2 (December 2023): 489-515.
EndNote Dal S (December 1, 2023) REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi 7 2 489–515.
IEEE S. Dal, “REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS”, BAD, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 489–515, 2023.
ISNAD Dal, Süleyman. “REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS”. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi 7/2 (December 2023), 489-515.
JAMA Dal S. REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS. BAD. 2023;7:489–515.
MLA Dal, Süleyman. “REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS”. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2023, pp. 489-15.
Vancouver Dal S. REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA: EAC AND ECOWAS. BAD. 2023;7(2):489-515.