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2012’ DEN İTIBAREN TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA FRANSIZ ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 21.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1241900

Abstract

Türkiye ve Fransa 1921’ den beri iyi ilişkilere sahip olmuştur fakat Türkiye ve Fransa’ nın çıkarları her zaman uyuşmamakta hatta 2012’ den beri pek çok konuda çatışmaktadır. Hatta Fransa, Türkiye’ nin uğraşmak durumunda olduğu pek çok problemli konunun merkezinde yer almaktadır. Avrupa Birliği çerçevesinde ilişkiler, 1915 Olayları, Akdeniz, Suriye meselesi, Afrika’ da nüfuz elde etme ve Kafkaslar’ daki pozisyonlar gibi pek çok dış politika meselesinde iki taraf sorunun karşı taraflarında yer almakta ve Türkiye, büyük bir güç olarak Fransa’ nın olayların seyrini değiştirebilme kabiliyeti nedeniyle kolayca görmezden gelemeyeceği için Fransız dış politikası ile mücadale etmek durumda kalmaktadır. İki ülke arasındaki bu dış politika yarışı statükoculuk ve revizyonizm kavramları ile yorumlanabilir. Bazı politika alanlarında Fransa statükocu iken Türkiye revizyonist olmakta, bazı diğer alanlarda roller değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışma vaka analizi yaklaşımı ile iki tarafın seçilen politika alanlarındaki pozisyonlarını ortaya koyma ve Türk Dış Politikası’ ndaki Fransa’ nın zorlayıcı etksini gösterme amacındadır.

References

  • Aydın, M. et al. (2022). Kantitatif Araştırma Raporu: Türk Dış Politikası Kamuoyu Algıları Araştırması 2022. Kadir Has Üniversitesi Türkiye Çalışmaları Grubu, Global Akademi, Akademetre. İstanbul.
  • BBC. (2022). Why has the Syrian war lasted 11 years?. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229
  • Baykal, S. and Arat, T. (2013). AB’ yle İlişkiler.. In Baskın Oran (Ed.), Türk Dış Politikası Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Cilt III: 2001-2012 (ss.337-400). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Borsari, F. (2022). Turkey’s drone diplomacy: Lessons for Europe. https://ecfr.eu/article/turkeys-drone-diplomacy-lessons-for-europe/
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2022). Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/nagorno-karabakh-conflict
  • Cutler, R. M., (2021). The Minsk Group Is Meaningless. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/23/armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-osce-minsk-group-meaningless/
  • Davidson, J. W. (2006). The Enduring Importance of Revisionism and Status-quo Seeking. The Origins of Revisionist and Status-Quo States. New York : Palgrave Macmillan.
  • CNN. (2012). French court overturns Armenian genocide denial law. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/28/world/europe/france-armenia-genocide/index.html
  • French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (a). https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/turkey/france-and-turkey/
  • French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (b). https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/turkey/turkey-and-the-european-union/
  • French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (c). https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/syria/war-in-syria-understanding-france-s-position/
  • Grigoriadis, I. N., Fusiek, D. A. (2022). Turkey’s “anti-colonial” pivot to Mali: French-Turkish competition and the role of the European Union in the Sahel. ELIAMEP Policy Paper #91/2022.
  • Irish, J. (2020). Fearing Turkish role, France wants international supervision in Nagorno-Karabakh. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france-idUSKBN27Z3B0
  • Irish, J., Rose, M. (2020). France accuses Turkey of sending Syrian jihadists to Nagorno-Karabakh. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron-idUKKBN26L3S7
  • Jabbour, J. J. (2022). Turkey–France Political and Diplomatic Relations: Contemporary Issues and Future Perspectives. In Denizeau, A., Örmeci, O. (eds.) Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp.117-150). Springer, Cham.
  • Jabbour, J. J. (2021). France vs. Turkey in the EastMed A Geopolitical Rivalry between a "Keeper" of the Old Order and a Challenging Emergent Power. Briefings de l’Ifri, Ifri, 6 May 2021.
  • Lippert, B. (2021). Turkey as a Special and (Almost) Dead Case of EU Enlargement Policy. In: Reiners, W., Turhan, E. (eds) EU-Turkey Relations (pp.267-293). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Marbot, O., Toulemonde, M. (2021). A Popularity Contest In Africa, France’s image takes a hit, but Turkey, Qatar and the UAE’s are on the up. https://www.theafricareport.com/73566/in-africa-frances-image-takes-a-hit-but-turkey-qatar-and-the-uaes-are-on-the-up/
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic Türkiye (a). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-france.en.mfa
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic Türkiye (b). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-30_-27-january-2017_-press-release-regarding-the-annulment-by-the-constitutional-council-of-france-of-the-law-concerning-the-_criminalization-of-the-denial-of-the-genocides-in-the-absence-of-a-court-decision_.en.mfa
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic Türkiye (c). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-events-of-1915-and-the-turkish-armenian-controversy-over-history_-an-overview.en.mfa
  • Müftüler-Baç, M., (2016). Turkey’s Ambivalent Relationship with the European Union: To Accede or not to Accede. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 13 (52), 89- 103.
  • Müftüler-Baç, M. and Cicek, A. E., (2016). A comparison of the European Union’s accession negotiations with Bulgaria and Turkey: the role of bilateral issues. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 25(2), 180–196.
  • Oran, B., (2001). Giriş, Türk Dış Politikasının Teori ve Pratiği. In Oran, B. (Ed.) Türk Dış Politikası Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Cilt I: 1919-1980 (ss. 17-93). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Örmeci, O. and Yılmaz, A. E. (2022). Turkish-French Relations in the Post-Cold War Era. In Denizeau, A., Örmeci, O. (eds.) Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp.79- 113). Springer, Cham.
  • Örmeci, O., (2021). Understanding The Eastern Mediterranean Policy Of France And Recent Tensions With Turkey. UPA Strategic Affairs, 2 (1), 96-118.
  • Reuters. (2022). Turkey's Erdogan can meet Syria's Assad "when right time comes". https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-can-meet-syrias-assad-when-right-time-comes-2022-10-06/
  • Tanchum, M. (2020). Turkey Advances in Africa against Franco-Emirati-Egyptian Entente. https://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/646-turkey-advances-in-africa-against-franco-emirati-egyptian-entente.html
  • Weiss, M. (2022). Turkish-French Tensions Over the Kurdish Question and the Ambitions and Status of the Kurdish Actors in Northern Syria: Locked in a Stalemate or Destined for a Détente?.. In In Denizeau, A., Örmeci, O. (eds.) Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp. 309-337). Springer, Cham.
  • Wilgenburg, W. (2020). Syrian Democratic Forces (Syria). In Barnes-Dacey, J., Geranmayeh, E., Lovatt, H. (Eds.) Guns And Governance: How Europe should talk with non-state armed groups in the Middle East. https://ecfr.eu/special/mena-armed-groups/syrian-democratic-forces-syria/
  • Willsher, K. and Jones, S. (2012). Turkey warns France over Armenian genocide law. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/24/turkey-warns-france-armenian-genocide
  • Vinocur, N. and Hemming, J. (2012). Top French court strikes down genocide bill. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-turkey-idUSTRE81R1G220120228
  • Yakış, Y. (2012). France’s Entanglement In The Armenian Genocide Issue. Review of Armenian Studies, No.25, 289-344.

FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 21.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1241900

Abstract

Türkiye and France have had good relations since 1921. But interests of Türkiye and France do not mostly align and does even conflict in many cases since 2012. Even that France is at the very center of many problematic issues that Türkiye has to deal with. The two parties are on the opposite sides of each of many foreign policy issues -namely relations in the EU framework, the events of 1915, Mediterranean, Syrian question, possession of influence in Africa and the positions in the Caucasians- and Türkiye has to cope with French foreign policy to achieve its aims because France as a great power can not be disregarded easily for its capability to affect the course of events. The competition in foreign policy between two countries can be interpreted in terms of status quoism and revisionism. In some policy areas France is a status quo state while Türkiye is a revisionist and in some other areas, the roles are exchanged. This study aims to reveal the positions of two sides in the selected policy areas and display the challenging impact of France in Turkish Foreign Policy by using case study approach.

References

  • Aydın, M. et al. (2022). Kantitatif Araştırma Raporu: Türk Dış Politikası Kamuoyu Algıları Araştırması 2022. Kadir Has Üniversitesi Türkiye Çalışmaları Grubu, Global Akademi, Akademetre. İstanbul.
  • BBC. (2022). Why has the Syrian war lasted 11 years?. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229
  • Baykal, S. and Arat, T. (2013). AB’ yle İlişkiler.. In Baskın Oran (Ed.), Türk Dış Politikası Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Cilt III: 2001-2012 (ss.337-400). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Borsari, F. (2022). Turkey’s drone diplomacy: Lessons for Europe. https://ecfr.eu/article/turkeys-drone-diplomacy-lessons-for-europe/
  • Council on Foreign Relations. (2022). Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/nagorno-karabakh-conflict
  • Cutler, R. M., (2021). The Minsk Group Is Meaningless. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/23/armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-osce-minsk-group-meaningless/
  • Davidson, J. W. (2006). The Enduring Importance of Revisionism and Status-quo Seeking. The Origins of Revisionist and Status-Quo States. New York : Palgrave Macmillan.
  • CNN. (2012). French court overturns Armenian genocide denial law. https://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/28/world/europe/france-armenia-genocide/index.html
  • French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (a). https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/turkey/france-and-turkey/
  • French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (b). https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/turkey/turkey-and-the-european-union/
  • French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (c). https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/syria/war-in-syria-understanding-france-s-position/
  • Grigoriadis, I. N., Fusiek, D. A. (2022). Turkey’s “anti-colonial” pivot to Mali: French-Turkish competition and the role of the European Union in the Sahel. ELIAMEP Policy Paper #91/2022.
  • Irish, J. (2020). Fearing Turkish role, France wants international supervision in Nagorno-Karabakh. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france-idUSKBN27Z3B0
  • Irish, J., Rose, M. (2020). France accuses Turkey of sending Syrian jihadists to Nagorno-Karabakh. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron-idUKKBN26L3S7
  • Jabbour, J. J. (2022). Turkey–France Political and Diplomatic Relations: Contemporary Issues and Future Perspectives. In Denizeau, A., Örmeci, O. (eds.) Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp.117-150). Springer, Cham.
  • Jabbour, J. J. (2021). France vs. Turkey in the EastMed A Geopolitical Rivalry between a "Keeper" of the Old Order and a Challenging Emergent Power. Briefings de l’Ifri, Ifri, 6 May 2021.
  • Lippert, B. (2021). Turkey as a Special and (Almost) Dead Case of EU Enlargement Policy. In: Reiners, W., Turhan, E. (eds) EU-Turkey Relations (pp.267-293). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Marbot, O., Toulemonde, M. (2021). A Popularity Contest In Africa, France’s image takes a hit, but Turkey, Qatar and the UAE’s are on the up. https://www.theafricareport.com/73566/in-africa-frances-image-takes-a-hit-but-turkey-qatar-and-the-uaes-are-on-the-up/
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic Türkiye (a). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-france.en.mfa
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic Türkiye (b). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-30_-27-january-2017_-press-release-regarding-the-annulment-by-the-constitutional-council-of-france-of-the-law-concerning-the-_criminalization-of-the-denial-of-the-genocides-in-the-absence-of-a-court-decision_.en.mfa
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Republic Türkiye (c). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-events-of-1915-and-the-turkish-armenian-controversy-over-history_-an-overview.en.mfa
  • Müftüler-Baç, M., (2016). Turkey’s Ambivalent Relationship with the European Union: To Accede or not to Accede. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 13 (52), 89- 103.
  • Müftüler-Baç, M. and Cicek, A. E., (2016). A comparison of the European Union’s accession negotiations with Bulgaria and Turkey: the role of bilateral issues. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 25(2), 180–196.
  • Oran, B., (2001). Giriş, Türk Dış Politikasının Teori ve Pratiği. In Oran, B. (Ed.) Türk Dış Politikası Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Cilt I: 1919-1980 (ss. 17-93). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Örmeci, O. and Yılmaz, A. E. (2022). Turkish-French Relations in the Post-Cold War Era. In Denizeau, A., Örmeci, O. (eds.) Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp.79- 113). Springer, Cham.
  • Örmeci, O., (2021). Understanding The Eastern Mediterranean Policy Of France And Recent Tensions With Turkey. UPA Strategic Affairs, 2 (1), 96-118.
  • Reuters. (2022). Turkey's Erdogan can meet Syria's Assad "when right time comes". https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-can-meet-syrias-assad-when-right-time-comes-2022-10-06/
  • Tanchum, M. (2020). Turkey Advances in Africa against Franco-Emirati-Egyptian Entente. https://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/646-turkey-advances-in-africa-against-franco-emirati-egyptian-entente.html
  • Weiss, M. (2022). Turkish-French Tensions Over the Kurdish Question and the Ambitions and Status of the Kurdish Actors in Northern Syria: Locked in a Stalemate or Destined for a Détente?.. In In Denizeau, A., Örmeci, O. (eds.) Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp. 309-337). Springer, Cham.
  • Wilgenburg, W. (2020). Syrian Democratic Forces (Syria). In Barnes-Dacey, J., Geranmayeh, E., Lovatt, H. (Eds.) Guns And Governance: How Europe should talk with non-state armed groups in the Middle East. https://ecfr.eu/special/mena-armed-groups/syrian-democratic-forces-syria/
  • Willsher, K. and Jones, S. (2012). Turkey warns France over Armenian genocide law. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/24/turkey-warns-france-armenian-genocide
  • Vinocur, N. and Hemming, J. (2012). Top French court strikes down genocide bill. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-turkey-idUSTRE81R1G220120228
  • Yakış, Y. (2012). France’s Entanglement In The Armenian Genocide Issue. Review of Armenian Studies, No.25, 289-344.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Kalay 0000-0002-5068-0791

Publication Date June 21, 2023
Submission Date January 24, 2023
Acceptance Date April 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kalay, E. (2023). FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 11(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1241900
AMA Kalay E. FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. June 2023;11(1):1-15. doi:10.14514/beykozad.1241900
Chicago Kalay, Emre. “FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 11, no. 1 (June 2023): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1241900.
EndNote Kalay E (June 1, 2023) FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 11 1 1–15.
IEEE E. Kalay, “FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2023, doi: 10.14514/beykozad.1241900.
ISNAD Kalay, Emre. “FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 11/1 (June 2023), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1241900.
JAMA Kalay E. FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2023;11:1–15.
MLA Kalay, Emre. “FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 1, 2023, pp. 1-15, doi:10.14514/beykozad.1241900.
Vancouver Kalay E. FRENCH IMPACT ON TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 2012. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2023;11(1):1-15.