Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 181 - 192, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1195014

Abstract

References

  • Atış-Akyol, N., & Güney-Kahraman, N. (2021). Validity and reliability study of teacher's checklist of children's peer relationships. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 10(3), 1066-1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.30703/cije.811946
  • Bayrak, S. (2001). Power and power management in organizations as a neglected subject-II. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 23-42.
  • Beyazkürk, D., Anlıak, Ş., & Dinçer, Ç. (2007). Peer relations and friendship in childhood. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 26, 13-26.
  • Bilgin, N. (1988). Sosyal psikolojiye giriş [Introduction to social psychology]. Ege University Faculty of Letters Publications.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Cederborg, A. C. (2019). Power relations in pre-school children’s play. Early Child Development and Care. 191(4), 612-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1637342
  • Çetin, F., Bilbay, A. A., & Kaymak, D. A. (2003). Çocuklarda sosyal beceri [Social skills in children]. Epsilon Publishing.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2001). Demokrasi üstüne [On democracy]. (B. Kadıoğlu, trans.). Phoenix Publishing.
  • Dinçer, Ç., Baş, T., Teke, N., Aydın, E., İpek, S., & Göktaş, İ. (2019). Evaluation of interpersonal problem solving and social skills and peer relations in early childhood. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 19(3), 882-900. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2019.19.49440-478714
  • Eidsvåg, G. M., & Rosell, Y. (2021). The power of belonging: Interactions and values in children’s group play in early childhood programs. International Journal of Early Childhood, 53(1), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-021-00284-w
  • Evaldsson, A. C. (2004). Shifting moral stances: Morality and gender in same-sex and cross-sex game interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 37(3), 331-363. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3703_3
  • Flouri, E., & Sarmadi, Z. (2016). Prosocial behavior and childhood trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems: The role of neighborhood and school contexts. Developmental Psychology, 52(2), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000076
  • French, J. P., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (150-167). Institute for Social Research.
  • Gülay, H. (2009). Peer relationships in preschool years. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 12(22), 82-93.
  • Gündoğdu, S. (2018). Investigation of power relationships in early childhood classrooms. Doctorate Dissertation, Çukurova University.
  • Gündoğdu, S., & Yaşar, M. (2021). An investigation of in-class power relations between children in preschool. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Education Faculty, 40(1), 122-141. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.790496
  • Hawley, P. H. (1999). The ontogenesis of social dominance: A strategy-based evolutionary perspective. Developmental Review, 19(1), 97-132. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1998.0470
  • Hawley, P. H., Johnson, S. E., Mize, J. A., & McNamara, K. A. (2007). Physical attractiveness in preschoolers: Relationships with power, status, aggression and social skills. Journal of School Psychology, 45(5), 499–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.04.001
  • Hay, D. F., Caplan, M., & Nash, A. (2009). The beginnings of peer relations. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski & B. Laursen (Eds), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (121-142). Guilford Publications.
  • Healy, K. L., Sanders, M. R., & Iyer, A. (2015). Parenting practices, children’s peer relationships and being bullied at school. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(1), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9820-4
  • Hitt, M. A., Black, J. S., & Porter, L. W. (2005). Management. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi: Teori, araştırma ve uygulama [Educational administration: Theory, research and practice] (S. Turan, Ed.). Nobel Publishing.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huber, L., Plötner, M., & Schmitz, J. (2019). Social competence and psychopathology in early childhood: A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1152-x
  • Izquierdo, I., Olea, J., & Abad, F. J. (2014). Exploratory factor analysis in validation studies: Uses and recommendations. Psicothema, 26, 395-400. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.349
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
  • Kline, P. (2005). An essay guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
  • Kyratzis, A., & Marx, T. (2001). Preschoolers' communicative competence: Register shift in the marking of power in different contexts of friendship group talk. First Language, 21(63), 387-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/014272370102106308
  • Landau, S., & Everitt, B. S. (2004). A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC.
  • Lee, Y. J., & Recchia, S. L. (2008). Who's the boss?" young children's power and influence in an early childhood classroom. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 10(1), 1-15.
  • Luczynski, K. C., & Hanley, G. P. (2013). Prevention of problem behavior by teaching functional communication and self‐control skills to preschoolers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46(2), 355-368.
  • Mastow, A. J. (2004). Longitudinal and concurrent prediction of peer acceptance: Direct and indirect effects of emotional, cognitive and behavioral factors. Doctorate Dissertation, University of Deleware.
  • Nærland, T., & Martinsen, H. (2011). Child–child interactions and positive social focus among preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 181(3), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903387701
  • Reitz, A. K., Zimmermann, J., Hutteman, R., Specht, J., & Neyer, F. J. (2014). How peers make a difference: The role of peer groups and peer relationships in personality development. European Journal of Personality, 28, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1965
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004) A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Schwartz, D., Dodge, D. A., Petit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2000). Friendship as a moderating factor in the pathway between early harsh home environment and later victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 646-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.646
  • Skånfors, L. (2010). Tokens, peer context and mobility in preschool children’s position work. Nordic Early Childhood Education Research, 3(2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.7577/nbf.256
  • Song, S. Y. (2006). The role of protective peers and positive peer relationships in school bullying: How can peers help? Doctorate Dissertation, University of Nebraska.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Structural equation modeling: basic concepts and applications. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49–74.
  • Şişman, M. (2011). Örgütler ve kültürler [Organizations and cultures.]. Pegem Publishing.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014), Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi [Measuring attitudes and data analysis with spss]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. American Psychological Association.
  • Vuorisalo, M., Rutanen, N., & Raittila, R. (2015). Constructing relational space in early childhood education. Early Years, 35(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2014.985289
  • Walker, S. (2009). Sociometric stability and the behavioral correlates of peer acceptance in early childhood. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 170(4), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320903218364
  • Weber, M. (1996). Sosyoloji yazıları [sociology writings]. (T. Parla, Trans.). İletişim Publishing.
  • Whitington, V. (2000). Children's exercise of interpersonal power in the primary classroom. Doctorate Dissertation, The Flinders University of South Australia.
  • Whitington, V. (2001). Is interpersonal power exercised in groups of early school children in the classroom context? Early Child Development and Care, 170(1), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443011700107
  • Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Relationship between school administrators’ power sources and teachers’ job satisfaction. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(2), 385-402.
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2011). The Politics of belonging. Sage Publishing.

The Inventory of Resources of Power Used by Pre-school Children: A Validity and Reliability Study

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 181 - 192, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1195014

Abstract

This study aims to create an inventory to determine the power sources used by preschool children and to bring this inventory to the literature by conducting the necessary validity and reliability study Participants were selected through maximum variation sampling method. The teachers of 346 children attending pre-school education in different regions of Turkey in the 2021-2022 academic years were included in the study. The validity of the inventory was tested with EFA and CFA. As a result of the EFA analysis, a structure consisting of 21 items and four factors was obtained. The factors obtained were named as charismatic power, coercive power, helplessness power and reward power. The inventory we developed explains 68.26% of the total variance. The fit indices obtained in the CFA are acceptable. The result of the Cronbach's alpha analysis performed to determine the internal consistency of the inventory showed that the reliability coefficients of the inventory were acceptable as well. As a result, it has been shown that “The Inventory of Resources of Power Used by Pre-School Children” is a is a valid and reliable assessment tool.

References

  • Atış-Akyol, N., & Güney-Kahraman, N. (2021). Validity and reliability study of teacher's checklist of children's peer relationships. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 10(3), 1066-1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.30703/cije.811946
  • Bayrak, S. (2001). Power and power management in organizations as a neglected subject-II. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 23-42.
  • Beyazkürk, D., Anlıak, Ş., & Dinçer, Ç. (2007). Peer relations and friendship in childhood. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 26, 13-26.
  • Bilgin, N. (1988). Sosyal psikolojiye giriş [Introduction to social psychology]. Ege University Faculty of Letters Publications.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Cederborg, A. C. (2019). Power relations in pre-school children’s play. Early Child Development and Care. 191(4), 612-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1637342
  • Çetin, F., Bilbay, A. A., & Kaymak, D. A. (2003). Çocuklarda sosyal beceri [Social skills in children]. Epsilon Publishing.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2001). Demokrasi üstüne [On democracy]. (B. Kadıoğlu, trans.). Phoenix Publishing.
  • Dinçer, Ç., Baş, T., Teke, N., Aydın, E., İpek, S., & Göktaş, İ. (2019). Evaluation of interpersonal problem solving and social skills and peer relations in early childhood. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 19(3), 882-900. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2019.19.49440-478714
  • Eidsvåg, G. M., & Rosell, Y. (2021). The power of belonging: Interactions and values in children’s group play in early childhood programs. International Journal of Early Childhood, 53(1), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-021-00284-w
  • Evaldsson, A. C. (2004). Shifting moral stances: Morality and gender in same-sex and cross-sex game interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 37(3), 331-363. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3703_3
  • Flouri, E., & Sarmadi, Z. (2016). Prosocial behavior and childhood trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems: The role of neighborhood and school contexts. Developmental Psychology, 52(2), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000076
  • French, J. P., & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (150-167). Institute for Social Research.
  • Gülay, H. (2009). Peer relationships in preschool years. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 12(22), 82-93.
  • Gündoğdu, S. (2018). Investigation of power relationships in early childhood classrooms. Doctorate Dissertation, Çukurova University.
  • Gündoğdu, S., & Yaşar, M. (2021). An investigation of in-class power relations between children in preschool. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Education Faculty, 40(1), 122-141. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.790496
  • Hawley, P. H. (1999). The ontogenesis of social dominance: A strategy-based evolutionary perspective. Developmental Review, 19(1), 97-132. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1998.0470
  • Hawley, P. H., Johnson, S. E., Mize, J. A., & McNamara, K. A. (2007). Physical attractiveness in preschoolers: Relationships with power, status, aggression and social skills. Journal of School Psychology, 45(5), 499–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.04.001
  • Hay, D. F., Caplan, M., & Nash, A. (2009). The beginnings of peer relations. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski & B. Laursen (Eds), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (121-142). Guilford Publications.
  • Healy, K. L., Sanders, M. R., & Iyer, A. (2015). Parenting practices, children’s peer relationships and being bullied at school. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(1), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9820-4
  • Hitt, M. A., Black, J. S., & Porter, L. W. (2005). Management. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi: Teori, araştırma ve uygulama [Educational administration: Theory, research and practice] (S. Turan, Ed.). Nobel Publishing.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huber, L., Plötner, M., & Schmitz, J. (2019). Social competence and psychopathology in early childhood: A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1152-x
  • Izquierdo, I., Olea, J., & Abad, F. J. (2014). Exploratory factor analysis in validation studies: Uses and recommendations. Psicothema, 26, 395-400. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.349
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
  • Kline, P. (2005). An essay guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
  • Kyratzis, A., & Marx, T. (2001). Preschoolers' communicative competence: Register shift in the marking of power in different contexts of friendship group talk. First Language, 21(63), 387-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/014272370102106308
  • Landau, S., & Everitt, B. S. (2004). A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press LLC.
  • Lee, Y. J., & Recchia, S. L. (2008). Who's the boss?" young children's power and influence in an early childhood classroom. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 10(1), 1-15.
  • Luczynski, K. C., & Hanley, G. P. (2013). Prevention of problem behavior by teaching functional communication and self‐control skills to preschoolers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46(2), 355-368.
  • Mastow, A. J. (2004). Longitudinal and concurrent prediction of peer acceptance: Direct and indirect effects of emotional, cognitive and behavioral factors. Doctorate Dissertation, University of Deleware.
  • Nærland, T., & Martinsen, H. (2011). Child–child interactions and positive social focus among preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 181(3), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903387701
  • Reitz, A. K., Zimmermann, J., Hutteman, R., Specht, J., & Neyer, F. J. (2014). How peers make a difference: The role of peer groups and peer relationships in personality development. European Journal of Personality, 28, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1965
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004) A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Schwartz, D., Dodge, D. A., Petit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2000). Friendship as a moderating factor in the pathway between early harsh home environment and later victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 646-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.646
  • Skånfors, L. (2010). Tokens, peer context and mobility in preschool children’s position work. Nordic Early Childhood Education Research, 3(2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.7577/nbf.256
  • Song, S. Y. (2006). The role of protective peers and positive peer relationships in school bullying: How can peers help? Doctorate Dissertation, University of Nebraska.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Structural equation modeling: basic concepts and applications. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49–74.
  • Şişman, M. (2011). Örgütler ve kültürler [Organizations and cultures.]. Pegem Publishing.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014), Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi [Measuring attitudes and data analysis with spss]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. American Psychological Association.
  • Vuorisalo, M., Rutanen, N., & Raittila, R. (2015). Constructing relational space in early childhood education. Early Years, 35(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2014.985289
  • Walker, S. (2009). Sociometric stability and the behavioral correlates of peer acceptance in early childhood. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 170(4), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320903218364
  • Weber, M. (1996). Sosyoloji yazıları [sociology writings]. (T. Parla, Trans.). İletişim Publishing.
  • Whitington, V. (2000). Children's exercise of interpersonal power in the primary classroom. Doctorate Dissertation, The Flinders University of South Australia.
  • Whitington, V. (2001). Is interpersonal power exercised in groups of early school children in the classroom context? Early Child Development and Care, 170(1), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443011700107
  • Yılmaz, K., & Altınkurt, Y. (2012). Relationship between school administrators’ power sources and teachers’ job satisfaction. Kastamonu Education Journal, 20(2), 385-402.
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2011). The Politics of belonging. Sage Publishing.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serhat Gündoğdu 0000-0001-6841-8890

Early Pub Date January 16, 2024
Publication Date January 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gündoğdu, S. (2024). The Inventory of Resources of Power Used by Pre-school Children: A Validity and Reliability Study. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 13(1), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1195014

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