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THE ROLE OF EARLY SCHEMAS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS: A RESEARCH ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 177 - 207, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1337767

Abstract

Schemas are the elements that emerge as the knowledge, experience, and cognitive patterns that people acquire in the first years of their lives and that determine the attitudes and behaviors that people will exhibit throughout their entire life experiences. While individuals are just perceiving the world, the words, behaviors, or any attitude directed to them by the person(s) who care for them can shape their future personalities. At the beginning of the life cycle, people need to feel the need to be securely attached to their basic needs. It may be difficult for people whose basic needs for attachment are missing or not formed at all to establish correct and healthy interpersonal relationships in adulthood. Early maladaptive schemas can have an impact on many social and cognitive processes, including the communication skills of individuals in later life. Within the scope of this study, the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and communication skills was examined and analyzes were made regarding differences according to gender. For this purpose, early maladaptive schemas of the participants were defined using the short form of the Young schema scale, and communication skills in mental, emotional, and behavioral dimensions were determined using the communication skills scale created by Ersanlı and Balcı (1998). As a result, it was determined that there was a negative relationship between the early maladaptive schemas of the participants and their communication skills, and as the schemas increased, their communication skills decreased. In this context, it has been revealed that the negative experiences of people in their early life periods can harm their interpersonal relationships in their later life.

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ERKEN DÖNEM ŞEMALARIN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN GELİŞİMİNDEKİ ROLÜ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 177 - 207, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1337767

Abstract

Şemalar kişilerin yaşamlarının ilk yıllarında edindikleri bilgi, tecrübe ve bir bakıma bilişsel kalıplar olarak ortaya çıkan ve kişilerin tüm yaşam deneyimleri boyunca sergileyecekleri tutum ve davranışları belirleyen unsurlardır. Bireyler henüz dünyayı yeni algılarken kendilerine bakım veren kişi/kişilerin onlara yönelttikleri sözler, davranışlar ya da herhangi bir tutum onların gelecekte ortaya çıkacak kişiliklerini şekillendirebilmektedir. Yaşam eğrisinin başlangıcında insanlar temel ihtiyaçlarından sonra güvenli bir şekilde bağlanma ihtiyacı hissetmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bağlanmaya ilişkin temel ihtiyaçları eksik kalmış ya da hiç oluşmamış kişilerin erişkinlik dönemlerinde doğru ve sağlıklı kişilerarası ilişkiler kurmaları güçleşebilmektedir. Erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar, bireylerin ileriki yaşamlarındaki iletişim becerileri de dahil olmak üzere birçok sosyal ve bilişsel süreci üzerinde etki oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ile iletişim becerileri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve cinsiyetlere göre farklılıklarına ilişkin analizler yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Young şema ölçeği kısa formu kullanılarak katılımcıların erken dönem uyumsuz şemaları tanımlanmış, Ersanlı ve Balcı (1998)’nın oluşturduğu iletişim becerileri ölçeği kullanılarak zihinsel, duygusal ve davranışsal boyutlardaki iletişim becerileri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçta katılımcıların erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ile iletişim becerileri arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu, şemalar arttıkça iletişim becerilerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda kişilerin erken yaşam dönemlerinde edindikleri olumsuz deneyimlerin onların ileriki yaşam süreçlerinde gerçekleştirecekleri kişilerarası ilişkilerine zarar verebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Thanks

NESLİHAN ÖZMELEK TAŞ, ARŞ. GÖR. DR. (PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLETİŞİM FAKÜLTESİ, HALKLA İLİŞKİLER VE TANITIM BÖLÜMÜ)ORCID numarası:0000-0002-6348-2495, email:ozmelek.neslihan@gmail.com, AYŞEN TEMEL EĞİNLİ, PROF. DR. (EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLETİŞİM FAKÜLTESİ, HALKLA İLİŞKİLER VE TANITIM BÖLÜMÜ), ORCID numarası,0000-0003-4830-4524, email adresi:aysen.temel.eginli@ege.edu.tr; makale daha önce bildiri, tez vb. Bu araştırma Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım Bölümü Kişilerarası İletişim Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezinden üretilmiştir. Araştırma makalesidir. “UAK Doçentlik Sınavına Başvuru Şartları” “temel alan” tablolarından makalenin konu alanına uygun “bilim alanı” Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler temel alanından ve 1115 İletişim Çalışmaları kodlu alana aittir.

References

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  • Babbie, E. (2010). Research design. The practice of social research, 12, 90-123.
  • Batmaz, S., Kaymak, S., Kocbiyik, S. ve Turkcapar, M. (2014). Metacognitions and emotional schemas: A new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55 (7), 1546–1555. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.016,
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. L. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. Journal of anxiety disorders, 27 (3), 278-288.
  • Cantor, N. (1990). From Thought to Behavior: “Having” and “Doing” in the Study of Personality and Cognition. American Psychologist, 45 (6), 735–750.
  • Ceyhan, A. A. (2006). An investigation of adjustment levels of Turkish university students with respect to perceived communication skill levels. Social Behavior and Personality, 34 (4), 367–380. doi:10.2224/sbp.2006.34.4.367
  • Çelikkaya, Ş. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Erken Dönem Uyum Bozucu Şemalar ile İletişim Becerileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans). Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Çolakoğlu, E. T. (2012). Genç yetişkinlerde erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar, algılanan ebeveynlik stilleri ve kişilerarası ilişkiler. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Maltepe Üniversitesi.
  • Dalkılıç, A. (2004). İletişimde iletişim. Ankara: Elma Yayınevi.
  • Davoodi, E., Wen, A., Dobson, K. S., Noorbala, A. A., Mohammadi, A. ve Farahmand, Z. (2018). Early maladaptive schemas in depression and somatization disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235 (April), 82–89. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.017
  • De Giacomo, A., Craig, F., Terenzio, V., Coppola, A., Campa, M. G. ve Passeri, G. (2016). Aggressive Behaviors and Verbal Communication Skills in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Global Pediatric Health, 3, 1–5. doi:10.1177/2333794x16644360
  • DeVito, J. A. (2014). Interpersonal Messages. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson New International Edition.
  • Drummond, P. D. ve Gatt, S. J. (2018). Early maladaptive schemas in people with a fear of blushing. Clinical Psychologist, 22 (2), 203–210. doi:10.1111/cp.12114
  • Doğan, İ. (1998). İletişim ve yabancılaşma: yazılı kültürümüzde ilkler. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Dozois, D. J. A., Martin, R. A. ve Faulkner, B. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas, styles of humor and aggression. Humor, 26 (1), 97–116. doi:10.1515/humor-2013-0006
  • Erözgen, A. (2005). Üniversite öğrencilerinin iletişim becerilerini etkileyen faktörler. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 22 (22), 135–149.
  • Ersanlı, K. ve Balcı, S. (1998). İletişim Becerileri Envanterinin Geliştirilmesi : Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Duruşma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2 (10), 7–12.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gilbert, P. (2010). The compassionate mind: A new approach to life’s challenges. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
  • Güler, K., ve Yüksel, S. (2021). The Relationship Between Gender Roles In Women And Early Maladaptive Schemas. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 5 (11), 07-19.
  • Gürüz, D. ve Temel Eğinli, A. (2008b). Kişilerarası iletişim: Bilgiler-Etkiler-Engeller (1.bs.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Gong, J. ve Chan, R. C. K. (2018). Early maladaptive schemas as mediators between childhood maltreatment and later psychological distress among Chinese college students. Psychiatry Research, 259 (November 2017), 493–500. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.019
  • Gordon, T. (1992). Etkili öğretmen eğitimi. Çev. E. Aksoy ve B. Özkan, YA-PA Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Gravetter, J. F. ve Forzano, L. B. (2012). Research Methods for The Behavioral sciences. USA: Linda Schreiber-Ganster.
  • Ha, J. ve Park, D. (2022). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among university students in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic: the application of interpersonal-psychological theory and early maladaptive schema. PeerJ, 10, e13830.
  • Hargie, O. (2011). Skilled Interpersonal Communication: Research, Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
  • Haugh, J. A., Miceli, M. ve DeLorme, J. (2017). Maladaptive Parenting, Temperament, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39 (1), 103–116. doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9559-5
  • Heravi, M. M., Hashemibaghi, N., Kouhi, B. ve Sheikhi, H. R. (2019). Investigating the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemes and Parenting Styles among Women Referring to Zabol Health Centers. Specialty Journal of Medical Research and Health Science, 4 (1), 27–33.
  • Hinrichsen, H., Waller, G., & Emanuelli, F. (2004). Social anxiety and agoraphobia in the eating disorders: associations with core beliefs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 784–787.
  • Irkörücü, A. (2016). Gender difference in early maladaptive schemas. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5 (9), 103-119.
  • Janovsky, T., Rock, A. J., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Clark, G. I., & Murray, C. V. (2020). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A meta‐analytic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 27 (3), 408-447.
  • Jovev, M., & Jackson, H. J. (2004). Early maladaptive schemas in personality disordered individuals. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 467–478.
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies (Other), Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Neslihan Özmelek Taş 0000-0002-6348-2495

Ayşen Temel Eginli 0000-0003-4830-4524

Publication Date March 15, 2024
Submission Date August 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özmelek Taş, N., & Temel Eginli, A. (2024). ERKEN DÖNEM ŞEMALARIN İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN GELİŞİMİNDEKİ ROLÜ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 177-207. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1337767