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PERFORMANCE RANKING OF COMPANIES BY ENTROPY AND AHP WEIGHTED TOPSIS METHOD: AN APPLICATION IN BIST

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 98 - 125, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1380809

Abstract

In today's world, where economic crises are likely to occur at any time as well as technological developments in the world, performance measurement and evaluation are very important for companies. In addition, in the competitive market field, performance determination is needed to both increase the competitiveness of the company and determine its place in the market. In this regard, different methods are used to determine company performance. Within the scope of the study, the performance ranking of the financial ratios determined for the period 2013-2022 of 10 companies traded in the Manufacturing Sector-Stone and Soil-Based Subsector and engaged in cement manufacturing activities was determined in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) according to different criteria weights, and the market values of the companies were compared using a multi-criteria decision-making method applied according to the criteria weights used. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Entropy methods were used to determine the criterion weights. In the study, the performances of the companies are evaluated according to 12 factors: Current Ratio, Cash Ratio, Acid-Test Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Operating Profitability, Return on Equity, Financial Leverage, Growth in Sales, Stock Turnover Rate, Asset Turnover Rate, Equity Turnover Rate and Earnings Per Share. The criteria were determined by the TOPSIS The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) multi-criteria decision-making method according to the different criterion weights used.

References

  • Atenidegbe, O. F. & Mogaji, K. A. (2023). Modeling assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination risk in a typical basement terrain using TOPSIS-entropy developed vulnerability data mining technique. Neliyon, 9, 1-25.
  • Ayvacık, E. & Yalçın, S. (2019). Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik ve işletmeler açısından önemi, Başar, E. E., Ağ, A. ve Gülhan, Ü. (Ed.), Sürdürülebilirlik: Ekonomik ve Sosyal Eğilimler içinde (s. 161-176). İmaj Kitabevi.
  • Banadkouki, M. R. Z. (2023). Selection of strategies to improve energy efficiency in industry: A hybrid approach using entropy weight method and fuzzy TOPSIS. Energy, 279, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128070.
  • Behzadian, M., Otaghsara, S. K., Yazdani, M. & Ignatius, J. (2012). A state-of the-art survey of TOPSIS applications. Expert Systems With Applications, 39, 13051-13069.
  • Chakraborty, S. (2022). TOPSIS and Modified TOPSIS: A comparative analysis. Decision Analytics Journal, 2, ISSN 2772-6622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2021.100021.
  • Chen, P. (2019). Effects of normalization on the entropy-based TOPSIS method. Expert Systems with Applications, 136, 33–41
  • Chen, P. (2021). Effects of the entropy weight on TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications. 168, 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114186
  • Ding, T., Liang, L., Yang, M. & Wu, H. (2016). Multiple attribute decision making based on cross-evaluation with uncertain decision parameters. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4313247, 1-10.
  • Dumanoğlu, S. (2010). İMKB’de işlem gören çimento şirketlerinin mali performanslarının TOPSIS yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi, Marmara Üni. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (2), 323-339.
  • Ertuğrul, İ. & Karakaşoğlu, N. (2009). Performance evaluation of Turkish cement firms with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 702–715.
  • Gülbandılar, E., Akyol, S. O. & Koçak, Y. (2019). Multi-Criteria decision making for cement mortar mixture selection by Fuzzy Topsis, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 27 (2), 77 – 84.
  • Gümüş, U. T., Ercan, A. S., Tokyüz, E. & Çakmak, D. (2017). Evaluation of the ratio analysis results of the cement companies at BIST-100 by Topsis method. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 7 (2), 65-76.
  • Haine, M., Boutkhoum, O., Tikniouine, A. & Agouti T. (2016). Application of an integrated multi criteria decision making AHP-TOPSIS methodology for ETL software selection. SpringerPlus, 5:263. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1888-z
  • Hwang, C.L. & Yoon, K. (1981) Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • Jia, J., Fan, Y. & Guo, X. (2012). The low carbon development (LCD) levels’ evaluation of the world’s 47 countries (areas) by combining the FAHP with the TOPSIS method. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 6628-6640.
  • Jinxiang, F., Lingwei, X., Xingguan, M., Jing, T., Rongxin, Z., Yuping, B., Yulan, T. & Yunan G. (2013). Application of Entropy weight TOPSIS method for optimization of wastewater treatment technology of municipal wastewater treatment plant. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 12 (2), 285-287.
  • Kamal M. Al-Subhi Al-Harbi. (2001). Application of the AHP in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 19, 19-27.
  • Karagiannidis, A., Papageorgiou, A., Perkoulidis, G., Sanida, G. & Samaras, P. (2010). A multi-criteria assessment of scenarios on thermal processing of infectious hospital wastes: A case study for Central Macedonia. Waste Management, 30(2), 251-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.08.015
  • Karami, A. & Johansson, R. (2014). Utilization of multi attribute decision making techniques to integrate automatic and manual ranking of options. Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 30, 519-534.
  • Karcıoğlu, R. & Yalçın, S. (2022). Sezgisel bulanık TOPSİS yöntemiyle portföy seçimi: Borsa İstanbul’da bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (94), 151-184.
  • Marenco-Porto, C. A., Nieto-Londoño, C., Lopera, L., Escudero-Atehortua, A., Giraldo, M. & Jouhara, H. (2023). Evaluation of organic rankine cycle alternatives for the cement industry using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and energy-economic-environmental (3E) analysis, Energy, 281, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128304.
  • Moghimi R, Anvari A, Amoozesh N. & Ghesary T. (2013). An integrated fuzzy MCDM approach, and analysis, to the evaluation of the financial performance of Iranian cement companies. Life Science Journal. 10 (5), 570-586.
  • Muvingi, J., Peer, A. A. I., Jablonsky, J. & Lotfi, F. H. (2023). Hierarchical groups DEA super-efficiency and group TOPSIS technique: Application on mobile money agents’ locations. Expert Systems with Applications, 234, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121033
  • Özden, Ü. H., Başar, Ö. D. & Kalkan, S.B. (2012). İMKB’de işlem gören çimento sektöründeki şirketlerin finansal performanslarının VIKOR yöntemi ile sıralanması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 17, 23-44.
  • Özgüner, Z. & Özgüner M. (2020). Entegre Entropi-Topsis yöntemleri ile tedarikçi değerlendirme ve seçme probleminin çözümlenmesi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19 (37), 551-568.
  • Rezaie, K., Ramiyani, S. S., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. & Badizadeh, A. (2014). Evaluating performance of Iranian cement firms using an ıntegrated fuzzy AHP–VIKOR Method. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38 (21-22), 5033-5046.
  • Saaty, R. W. (1987). The Analytic Hierarchy Process-What it is and How it is used. Mathematical Modelling, 9 (3-5), 161-176.
  • Sakarya, Ş. & Akkuş, H. T. (2015). Finansal performansın ölçülmesinde geleneksel oranlar ile nakit akim oranlarının karşılaştırmalı analizi: BIST çimento şirketleri üzerine TOPSIS yöntemi ile bir uygulama. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (1), 109-123.
  • Soysal, M., Kayalı, C.A. & Aktaş, İ. (2017). BİST’te hisse senetleri işlem gören çimento sanayii sektöründeki firmaların TOPSİS yöntemine göre performans değerlemesi ve analizi. Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics, 7 (2), 437-452.
  • Statista. (2021). Cement: production ranking top countries 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/267364/world-cement-production-by-country/
  • T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (2022). Çimento sektörü raporu-2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari/mu0102011404 Erişim tarihi: 11/10/2023.
  • Tjader, Y., May, J. H., Shang, J., Vargas, L. G. & Gao, N. (2014). Firm-level outsourcing decision making: A balanced scorecard-based analytic network process model. International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 614-623.
  • TÜRKÇİMENTO. (2023). Çimento üretiminin tarihçesi. Erişim adresi: https://www.turkcimento.org.tr/tr/cimento_uretiminin_tarihcesi, Erişim tarihi: 11.10.2023
  • TÜRKÇİMENTO. (2023). İstatistikler. Erişim adresi: https://www.turkcimento.org.tr/tr/istatistikler/ Erişim tarihi: 11.10.2023
  • Uddin, A., Ali, Y., Sabir, M., Petrillo, A. & Felice, F. D. (2023). Circular economy and its implementation in cement industry: A case point in Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment. 898, 1-12.
  • Wang, Y-J. (2014). The evaluation of financial performance for Taiwan container shipping companies by fuzzy TOPSIS. Applied Soft Computing, 22, 28-35.
  • Yoon, K. (1980). Systems Selection by multiple attribute decision making (Doktora tezi). Kansas State University, USA.
  • Zhang, H., Gu, C., Gu, L. & Zhang, Y. (2011). The Evaluation of tourism destination competitiveness by TOPSIS & Information Entropy a case in the Yangtze River Delta of China, Tourism Management, 32, 443-451.
  • Zhao, D-Y., Ma, Y-Y. & Lin, H-L. (2022). Using the Entropy and TOPSIS models to evaluate sustainable development of Islands: A Case in China. Sustainability, 14, 1-25.
  • Zyoud, S. H. & Fuchs-Hanusch, D. (2017). A bibliometric-based survey on AHP and TOPSIS techniques. Expert Systems with Applications, 78, 158-181.

ENTROPİ VE AHP AĞIRLIKLI TOPSIS YÖNTEMİYLE FİRMALARIN PERFORMANS SIRALAMASI: BIST’TE BİR UYGULAMA

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 98 - 125, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1380809

Abstract

Dünyada yaşanan teknolojik gelişmelerin yanı sıra ekonomik krizlerin de her an ortaya çıkmasının muhtemel olduğu günümüzde, firmalar için performans ölçümü ve değerlemesi oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca rekabetçi piyasa alanında da firmanın hem rekabet gücünün artırılması hem de piyasadaki yerinin belirlenmesinde performans tespitine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bakımdan firma performansının tespiti konusunda farklı yöntemlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Borsa İstanbul’da (BIST), İmalat Sektörü - Taş ve Toprağa Dayalı Alt Sektöründe işlem gören ve çimento imalatı faaliyetinde bulunan 10 firmanın 2013-2022 dönemine ilişkin belirlenen finansal oranlarının farklı kriter ağırlıklarına göre performans sıralaması tespit edilerek, kullanılan kriter ağırlıklarına göre uygulanan çok kriterle karar verme yöntemiyle firmaların piyasa değerleri kıyaslanmıştır. Kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) ve Entropi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada firmaların performansları, Cari Oran, Nakit Oran, Asit-Test Oranı, Net Kâr Marjı, Esas Faaliyet Kârlılığı, Özsermaye Kârlılığı, Finansal Kaldıraç, Satışlardaki Büyüme, Stok Devir Hızı, Aktif Devir Hızı, Özsermaye Devir Hızı ve Hisse Başına Kazanç olmak üzere 12 kriter dikkate alınarak, kullanılan farklı kriter ağırlıklarına göre TOPSIS (The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) çok kriterli karar verme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Atenidegbe, O. F. & Mogaji, K. A. (2023). Modeling assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination risk in a typical basement terrain using TOPSIS-entropy developed vulnerability data mining technique. Neliyon, 9, 1-25.
  • Ayvacık, E. & Yalçın, S. (2019). Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik ve işletmeler açısından önemi, Başar, E. E., Ağ, A. ve Gülhan, Ü. (Ed.), Sürdürülebilirlik: Ekonomik ve Sosyal Eğilimler içinde (s. 161-176). İmaj Kitabevi.
  • Banadkouki, M. R. Z. (2023). Selection of strategies to improve energy efficiency in industry: A hybrid approach using entropy weight method and fuzzy TOPSIS. Energy, 279, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128070.
  • Behzadian, M., Otaghsara, S. K., Yazdani, M. & Ignatius, J. (2012). A state-of the-art survey of TOPSIS applications. Expert Systems With Applications, 39, 13051-13069.
  • Chakraborty, S. (2022). TOPSIS and Modified TOPSIS: A comparative analysis. Decision Analytics Journal, 2, ISSN 2772-6622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2021.100021.
  • Chen, P. (2019). Effects of normalization on the entropy-based TOPSIS method. Expert Systems with Applications, 136, 33–41
  • Chen, P. (2021). Effects of the entropy weight on TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications. 168, 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114186
  • Ding, T., Liang, L., Yang, M. & Wu, H. (2016). Multiple attribute decision making based on cross-evaluation with uncertain decision parameters. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4313247, 1-10.
  • Dumanoğlu, S. (2010). İMKB’de işlem gören çimento şirketlerinin mali performanslarının TOPSIS yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi, Marmara Üni. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (2), 323-339.
  • Ertuğrul, İ. & Karakaşoğlu, N. (2009). Performance evaluation of Turkish cement firms with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 702–715.
  • Gülbandılar, E., Akyol, S. O. & Koçak, Y. (2019). Multi-Criteria decision making for cement mortar mixture selection by Fuzzy Topsis, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 27 (2), 77 – 84.
  • Gümüş, U. T., Ercan, A. S., Tokyüz, E. & Çakmak, D. (2017). Evaluation of the ratio analysis results of the cement companies at BIST-100 by Topsis method. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 7 (2), 65-76.
  • Haine, M., Boutkhoum, O., Tikniouine, A. & Agouti T. (2016). Application of an integrated multi criteria decision making AHP-TOPSIS methodology for ETL software selection. SpringerPlus, 5:263. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1888-z
  • Hwang, C.L. & Yoon, K. (1981) Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • Jia, J., Fan, Y. & Guo, X. (2012). The low carbon development (LCD) levels’ evaluation of the world’s 47 countries (areas) by combining the FAHP with the TOPSIS method. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 6628-6640.
  • Jinxiang, F., Lingwei, X., Xingguan, M., Jing, T., Rongxin, Z., Yuping, B., Yulan, T. & Yunan G. (2013). Application of Entropy weight TOPSIS method for optimization of wastewater treatment technology of municipal wastewater treatment plant. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 12 (2), 285-287.
  • Kamal M. Al-Subhi Al-Harbi. (2001). Application of the AHP in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 19, 19-27.
  • Karagiannidis, A., Papageorgiou, A., Perkoulidis, G., Sanida, G. & Samaras, P. (2010). A multi-criteria assessment of scenarios on thermal processing of infectious hospital wastes: A case study for Central Macedonia. Waste Management, 30(2), 251-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.08.015
  • Karami, A. & Johansson, R. (2014). Utilization of multi attribute decision making techniques to integrate automatic and manual ranking of options. Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 30, 519-534.
  • Karcıoğlu, R. & Yalçın, S. (2022). Sezgisel bulanık TOPSİS yöntemiyle portföy seçimi: Borsa İstanbul’da bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (94), 151-184.
  • Marenco-Porto, C. A., Nieto-Londoño, C., Lopera, L., Escudero-Atehortua, A., Giraldo, M. & Jouhara, H. (2023). Evaluation of organic rankine cycle alternatives for the cement industry using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology and energy-economic-environmental (3E) analysis, Energy, 281, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128304.
  • Moghimi R, Anvari A, Amoozesh N. & Ghesary T. (2013). An integrated fuzzy MCDM approach, and analysis, to the evaluation of the financial performance of Iranian cement companies. Life Science Journal. 10 (5), 570-586.
  • Muvingi, J., Peer, A. A. I., Jablonsky, J. & Lotfi, F. H. (2023). Hierarchical groups DEA super-efficiency and group TOPSIS technique: Application on mobile money agents’ locations. Expert Systems with Applications, 234, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121033
  • Özden, Ü. H., Başar, Ö. D. & Kalkan, S.B. (2012). İMKB’de işlem gören çimento sektöründeki şirketlerin finansal performanslarının VIKOR yöntemi ile sıralanması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, 17, 23-44.
  • Özgüner, Z. & Özgüner M. (2020). Entegre Entropi-Topsis yöntemleri ile tedarikçi değerlendirme ve seçme probleminin çözümlenmesi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19 (37), 551-568.
  • Rezaie, K., Ramiyani, S. S., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. & Badizadeh, A. (2014). Evaluating performance of Iranian cement firms using an ıntegrated fuzzy AHP–VIKOR Method. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38 (21-22), 5033-5046.
  • Saaty, R. W. (1987). The Analytic Hierarchy Process-What it is and How it is used. Mathematical Modelling, 9 (3-5), 161-176.
  • Sakarya, Ş. & Akkuş, H. T. (2015). Finansal performansın ölçülmesinde geleneksel oranlar ile nakit akim oranlarının karşılaştırmalı analizi: BIST çimento şirketleri üzerine TOPSIS yöntemi ile bir uygulama. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (1), 109-123.
  • Soysal, M., Kayalı, C.A. & Aktaş, İ. (2017). BİST’te hisse senetleri işlem gören çimento sanayii sektöründeki firmaların TOPSİS yöntemine göre performans değerlemesi ve analizi. Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics, 7 (2), 437-452.
  • Statista. (2021). Cement: production ranking top countries 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/267364/world-cement-production-by-country/
  • T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. (2022). Çimento sektörü raporu-2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari/mu0102011404 Erişim tarihi: 11/10/2023.
  • Tjader, Y., May, J. H., Shang, J., Vargas, L. G. & Gao, N. (2014). Firm-level outsourcing decision making: A balanced scorecard-based analytic network process model. International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 614-623.
  • TÜRKÇİMENTO. (2023). Çimento üretiminin tarihçesi. Erişim adresi: https://www.turkcimento.org.tr/tr/cimento_uretiminin_tarihcesi, Erişim tarihi: 11.10.2023
  • TÜRKÇİMENTO. (2023). İstatistikler. Erişim adresi: https://www.turkcimento.org.tr/tr/istatistikler/ Erişim tarihi: 11.10.2023
  • Uddin, A., Ali, Y., Sabir, M., Petrillo, A. & Felice, F. D. (2023). Circular economy and its implementation in cement industry: A case point in Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment. 898, 1-12.
  • Wang, Y-J. (2014). The evaluation of financial performance for Taiwan container shipping companies by fuzzy TOPSIS. Applied Soft Computing, 22, 28-35.
  • Yoon, K. (1980). Systems Selection by multiple attribute decision making (Doktora tezi). Kansas State University, USA.
  • Zhang, H., Gu, C., Gu, L. & Zhang, Y. (2011). The Evaluation of tourism destination competitiveness by TOPSIS & Information Entropy a case in the Yangtze River Delta of China, Tourism Management, 32, 443-451.
  • Zhao, D-Y., Ma, Y-Y. & Lin, H-L. (2022). Using the Entropy and TOPSIS models to evaluate sustainable development of Islands: A Case in China. Sustainability, 14, 1-25.
  • Zyoud, S. H. & Fuchs-Hanusch, D. (2017). A bibliometric-based survey on AHP and TOPSIS techniques. Expert Systems with Applications, 78, 158-181.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Development Studies (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bora Topal 0000-0002-7109-4986

Publication Date March 15, 2024
Submission Date October 24, 2023
Acceptance Date January 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Topal, B. (2024). ENTROPİ VE AHP AĞIRLIKLI TOPSIS YÖNTEMİYLE FİRMALARIN PERFORMANS SIRALAMASI: BIST’TE BİR UYGULAMA. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 98-125. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1380809