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A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 5 - 18, 01.01.2016

Abstract

Research shows that helping international students build support networks by forming new friendships is crucial to counteracting the feelings of isolation, loneliness, and frustration that may arise from studying abroad. Studies have shown that friendships between international students and host nationals benefit the local community rather than just the university by promoting intercultural communication and understanding. Most of these studies, however, have only focused on the friendships between international and domestic students and not between international students and local American or “friendship families.” This study aims to make a contribution to the existing scholarship on intercultural friendship by looking at the expectations and obstacles that structure relationships between friendship families and international students at a research-one public land grant institution. By pinpointing these factors, we hope to take the first steps in developing a set of best practices for ensuring successful intercultural interactions between international students and their friendship families

References

  • Andrade, M. S. (2009). The international student picture. In M. S. Andrade & N. W. Evans (Eds.), International students: Strengthening a critical resource (pp. 1-24). Washington, DC: ACE/Rowman Littlefield.
  • Bista, K & Foster, C. (2011). Issues of International Student Retention in American Higher Education. The International Journal of Research and Review, 7(2), 1-10.
  • Bochner, S., McLeod, B.M., & Lin, A. (1977). Friendship patterns of overseas students: A functional model. International Journal of Psychology, 12(4), 277-294.
  • Chamberlin, C. R. (2002). TESOL and the Expectations of Intercultural Communication. TESL Reporter, 35(2), 1-15.
  • Chen, C. P. (1999). Common stressors among international college students: Research and counseling implications. Journal of College Counseling, 2(1), 49-65.
  • Deardorff, D.K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10, 247- 248.
  • Fluck, U. (2009). Social support for international students through a community friendship program. In M.S. Andrade & N.W. Evans (Eds.), International students: Strengthening a critical resource (pp. 194-198). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Furnham, A., & Erdmann, S. (1995). Psychological and socio-cultural variables as predictors of adjustment in cross-cultural transitions. Pscyhologia, 38, 238-251.
  • Gareis, E. (1995). Intercultural friendship: A qualitative study. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  • Gareis, E., Merkin, R., & Goldman, J. (2011). Intercultural friendship: Linking communication variables and friendship success. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 40(1), 153-171.
  • Hayes, R. L., & Lin, H. R. (1994). Coming to America: Developing social support systems for international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22(1), 7- 16.
  • Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R.K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 281-295.
  • Heyward, M. (2002). From international to intercultural: Redefining the international school for the globalized world. Journal of Research in International Education 1, 9-32.
  • Hotta, J., & Ting-Toomey, S. (2013). Intercultural adjustment and friendship dialectics in international students: A qualitative study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 550-566.
  • Institute of International Education. (2013). Open Doors Data: International Students [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Open- Doors/Data/International
  • Kingston, E., & Forland, H. (2008). Bridging the gap in expectations between international students and academic staff. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 204- 221.
  • Lacina, J. G. (2002). Preparing international students for a successful social experience in higher education. New Directions for Higher Education, 117, 21-27.
  • Lee, P-W. (2006). Bridging cultures: Understanding the construction of relational identity in intercultural friendship. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 35(1), 3-22.
  • Molinsky, A. (2007). Cross-cultural code-switching: the psychological challenges of adapting behavior in foreign cultural interactions. The Academy of Management Review 32(2), 622- 640.
  • National Association of International Educators. (2014). Internet resources for community programming. Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/findresources/Default.aspx?id=8712
  • Paige, R.M. (1990). International students: cross-cultural psychological perspectives. In R. W. Brislin, Applied cross-cultural psychology: Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Vol. 14, (pp. 367-382). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Redmond, M.V., & Bunyi, J.M. (1993). The relationship of intercultural communication competence with stress and the handling of stress as reported by international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 163-182.
  • Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449- 464.
  • Spence-Rodgers, J. (2001). Consensual and individual stereotypic beliefs about international students among American host nationals. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 25, 639-657.
  • Spence-Rodgers, J., & McGovern, T. (2002). Attitudes toward the culturally different: The role of intercultural communication barriers, affective responses, consensual stereotypes, and perceived threat. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 26, 609-631.
  • Tatsuki, D & Houck, N. (Eds.) (2010) Pragmatics: Teaching speech acts. Washington, DC: TESOL Publications.
  • Ward, C., & Masgoret, A.M. (2004). The experiences of international students in New Zealand: Report on the results of the national survey. New Zealand: International Policy and Development Unit, Ministry of Education.
  • Williams, C. T., & Johnson, L. R. (2011). Why can’t we be friends?: Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(1), 41-48.
  • Zhai, L. (2002). Studying international students: Adjustment issues and social support. U.S. Department of Education: San Diego Community College District.
Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 5 - 18, 01.01.2016

Abstract

References

  • Andrade, M. S. (2009). The international student picture. In M. S. Andrade & N. W. Evans (Eds.), International students: Strengthening a critical resource (pp. 1-24). Washington, DC: ACE/Rowman Littlefield.
  • Bista, K & Foster, C. (2011). Issues of International Student Retention in American Higher Education. The International Journal of Research and Review, 7(2), 1-10.
  • Bochner, S., McLeod, B.M., & Lin, A. (1977). Friendship patterns of overseas students: A functional model. International Journal of Psychology, 12(4), 277-294.
  • Chamberlin, C. R. (2002). TESOL and the Expectations of Intercultural Communication. TESL Reporter, 35(2), 1-15.
  • Chen, C. P. (1999). Common stressors among international college students: Research and counseling implications. Journal of College Counseling, 2(1), 49-65.
  • Deardorff, D.K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10, 247- 248.
  • Fluck, U. (2009). Social support for international students through a community friendship program. In M.S. Andrade & N.W. Evans (Eds.), International students: Strengthening a critical resource (pp. 194-198). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Furnham, A., & Erdmann, S. (1995). Psychological and socio-cultural variables as predictors of adjustment in cross-cultural transitions. Pscyhologia, 38, 238-251.
  • Gareis, E. (1995). Intercultural friendship: A qualitative study. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  • Gareis, E., Merkin, R., & Goldman, J. (2011). Intercultural friendship: Linking communication variables and friendship success. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 40(1), 153-171.
  • Hayes, R. L., & Lin, H. R. (1994). Coming to America: Developing social support systems for international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22(1), 7- 16.
  • Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R.K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 281-295.
  • Heyward, M. (2002). From international to intercultural: Redefining the international school for the globalized world. Journal of Research in International Education 1, 9-32.
  • Hotta, J., & Ting-Toomey, S. (2013). Intercultural adjustment and friendship dialectics in international students: A qualitative study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 550-566.
  • Institute of International Education. (2013). Open Doors Data: International Students [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Open- Doors/Data/International
  • Kingston, E., & Forland, H. (2008). Bridging the gap in expectations between international students and academic staff. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 204- 221.
  • Lacina, J. G. (2002). Preparing international students for a successful social experience in higher education. New Directions for Higher Education, 117, 21-27.
  • Lee, P-W. (2006). Bridging cultures: Understanding the construction of relational identity in intercultural friendship. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 35(1), 3-22.
  • Molinsky, A. (2007). Cross-cultural code-switching: the psychological challenges of adapting behavior in foreign cultural interactions. The Academy of Management Review 32(2), 622- 640.
  • National Association of International Educators. (2014). Internet resources for community programming. Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/findresources/Default.aspx?id=8712
  • Paige, R.M. (1990). International students: cross-cultural psychological perspectives. In R. W. Brislin, Applied cross-cultural psychology: Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Vol. 14, (pp. 367-382). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Redmond, M.V., & Bunyi, J.M. (1993). The relationship of intercultural communication competence with stress and the handling of stress as reported by international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 163-182.
  • Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449- 464.
  • Spence-Rodgers, J. (2001). Consensual and individual stereotypic beliefs about international students among American host nationals. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 25, 639-657.
  • Spence-Rodgers, J., & McGovern, T. (2002). Attitudes toward the culturally different: The role of intercultural communication barriers, affective responses, consensual stereotypes, and perceived threat. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 26, 609-631.
  • Tatsuki, D & Houck, N. (Eds.) (2010) Pragmatics: Teaching speech acts. Washington, DC: TESOL Publications.
  • Ward, C., & Masgoret, A.M. (2004). The experiences of international students in New Zealand: Report on the results of the national survey. New Zealand: International Policy and Development Unit, Ministry of Education.
  • Williams, C. T., & Johnson, L. R. (2011). Why can’t we be friends?: Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(1), 41-48.
  • Zhai, L. (2002). Studying international students: Adjustment issues and social support. U.S. Department of Education: San Diego Community College District.
Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 5 - 18, 01.01.2016

Abstract

References

  • Andrade, M. S. (2009). The international student picture. In M. S. Andrade & N. W. Evans (Eds.), International students: Strengthening a critical resource (pp. 1-24). Washington, DC: ACE/Rowman Littlefield.
  • Bista, K & Foster, C. (2011). Issues of International Student Retention in American Higher Education. The International Journal of Research and Review, 7(2), 1-10.
  • Bochner, S., McLeod, B.M., & Lin, A. (1977). Friendship patterns of overseas students: A functional model. International Journal of Psychology, 12(4), 277-294.
  • Chamberlin, C. R. (2002). TESOL and the Expectations of Intercultural Communication. TESL Reporter, 35(2), 1-15.
  • Chen, C. P. (1999). Common stressors among international college students: Research and counseling implications. Journal of College Counseling, 2(1), 49-65.
  • Deardorff, D.K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10, 247- 248.
  • Fluck, U. (2009). Social support for international students through a community friendship program. In M.S. Andrade & N.W. Evans (Eds.), International students: Strengthening a critical resource (pp. 194-198). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Furnham, A., & Erdmann, S. (1995). Psychological and socio-cultural variables as predictors of adjustment in cross-cultural transitions. Pscyhologia, 38, 238-251.
  • Gareis, E. (1995). Intercultural friendship: A qualitative study. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  • Gareis, E., Merkin, R., & Goldman, J. (2011). Intercultural friendship: Linking communication variables and friendship success. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 40(1), 153-171.
  • Hayes, R. L., & Lin, H. R. (1994). Coming to America: Developing social support systems for international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22(1), 7- 16.
  • Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R.K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 281-295.
  • Heyward, M. (2002). From international to intercultural: Redefining the international school for the globalized world. Journal of Research in International Education 1, 9-32.
  • Hotta, J., & Ting-Toomey, S. (2013). Intercultural adjustment and friendship dialectics in international students: A qualitative study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 550-566.
  • Institute of International Education. (2013). Open Doors Data: International Students [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Open- Doors/Data/International
  • Kingston, E., & Forland, H. (2008). Bridging the gap in expectations between international students and academic staff. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2), 204- 221.
  • Lacina, J. G. (2002). Preparing international students for a successful social experience in higher education. New Directions for Higher Education, 117, 21-27.
  • Lee, P-W. (2006). Bridging cultures: Understanding the construction of relational identity in intercultural friendship. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 35(1), 3-22.
  • Molinsky, A. (2007). Cross-cultural code-switching: the psychological challenges of adapting behavior in foreign cultural interactions. The Academy of Management Review 32(2), 622- 640.
  • National Association of International Educators. (2014). Internet resources for community programming. Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/findresources/Default.aspx?id=8712
  • Paige, R.M. (1990). International students: cross-cultural psychological perspectives. In R. W. Brislin, Applied cross-cultural psychology: Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Vol. 14, (pp. 367-382). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Redmond, M.V., & Bunyi, J.M. (1993). The relationship of intercultural communication competence with stress and the handling of stress as reported by international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 163-182.
  • Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449- 464.
  • Spence-Rodgers, J. (2001). Consensual and individual stereotypic beliefs about international students among American host nationals. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 25, 639-657.
  • Spence-Rodgers, J., & McGovern, T. (2002). Attitudes toward the culturally different: The role of intercultural communication barriers, affective responses, consensual stereotypes, and perceived threat. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 26, 609-631.
  • Tatsuki, D & Houck, N. (Eds.) (2010) Pragmatics: Teaching speech acts. Washington, DC: TESOL Publications.
  • Ward, C., & Masgoret, A.M. (2004). The experiences of international students in New Zealand: Report on the results of the national survey. New Zealand: International Policy and Development Unit, Ministry of Education.
  • Williams, C. T., & Johnson, L. R. (2011). Why can’t we be friends?: Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(1), 41-48.
  • Zhai, L. (2002). Studying international students: Adjustment issues and social support. U.S. Department of Education: San Diego Community College District.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA22MV48JR
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kate Hellmann This is me

Rachel Miyazaki This is me

Daniela Miranda This is me

Tricia Fiscus This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hellmann, K., Miyazaki, R., Miranda, D., Fiscus, T. (2016). A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research, 11(1), 5-18.
AMA Hellmann K, Miyazaki R, Miranda D, Fiscus T. A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research. May 2016;11(1):5-18.
Chicago Hellmann, Kate, Rachel Miyazaki, Daniela Miranda, and Tricia Fiscus. “A Gateway to Integration: A Study of American Families and Their International Visitors”. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research 11, no. 1 (May 2016): 5-18.
EndNote Hellmann K, Miyazaki R, Miranda D, Fiscus T (May 1, 2016) A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research 11 1 5–18.
IEEE K. Hellmann, R. Miyazaki, D. Miranda, and T. Fiscus, “A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors”, Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 5–18, 2016.
ISNAD Hellmann, Kate et al. “A Gateway to Integration: A Study of American Families and Their International Visitors”. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research 11/1 (May 2016), 5-18.
JAMA Hellmann K, Miyazaki R, Miranda D, Fiscus T. A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research. 2016;11:5–18.
MLA Hellmann, Kate et al. “A Gateway to Integration: A Study of American Families and Their International Visitors”. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research, vol. 11, no. 1, 2016, pp. 5-18.
Vancouver Hellmann K, Miyazaki R, Miranda D, Fiscus T. A Gateway to Integration: a Study of American Families and their International Visitors. Educational Policy Analysis And Strategic Research. 2016;11(1):5-18.