Effects of Osmotic Drought and GA3 Applications on Germination, Seedling Growth and Mitotic Index of Rye

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 899 - 917, 31.12.2023

Erdal Eren Yeler Metin Tosun Aras Türkoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1225835

Abstract

In this study, effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and putrescine of polyamines on germination, seedling growth and mitotic index were analyzed on rye seeds cv. Aslım-95 under osmotic drought conditions formed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 application. In order to form osmotic drought, test was conducted by combining 6 different doses of PEG as 0, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 including the control (0) and the doses of GA3 as 0, 300, 600, 900 mM. The concentration of -2 bar of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 that was conducted so as to form osmotic drought influenced positively some characters that were examined in the study. However, the incentive effect of -2 bar of osmotic drought showed few change in compliance with PEG 6000+GA3 combinations. On the other hand, following that concentration, when osmotic drought level, that is PEG 6000 concentration, became higher, all the characters were influenced in a negative way. All the doses of GA3 that was used in combination with PEG 6000 showed positive effects on the examined characters, and shortened the germination time, that is, germinating duration. The biggest effect was observed in the concentration of 900 mM which is the highest concentration of GA3. As a result, especially high doses of osmotic drought stress affect germination and seedling growth in a very negative way; It was determined that all doses of GA3 could partially compensate for the effect of osmotic drought induced by PEG 6000.

Keywords

Rye, PEG 6000, GA3, germination, seedling, mitotic index

References

• [1] Kün, E., Çiftçi, C.Y., Birsin, M., Ülger, A.C., Karahan, S., Zencirci, N., Öktem, A., Güler, M., Yılmaz, N., Atak, M., (2004) Production of cereals and edible legumes. Turkey Agricultural Engineering VI. Technical Congress - 31.12.2004.
• [2] Anonim, (2021) https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2021-37249.09.10.2022
• [3] Khan, N.A., Singh, S., (2008) Abiotic Stress and Plant Responses. IK Internarional, New Delhi.
• [4] Saxena, N.P., Johansen, C., Saxena, M.C. and Silim, S.N., (1993) Selection for drought and salinity tolerance in cool-season food legumes. Breeding for stress tolerance in cool-season food legumes. Eds: K.B. Singh and M.C. Saxena. United Kingdom, 245-270.
• [5] Bozcuk, S., (1978) Studies on salt kinetin interaction in growth and development of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsitum L.) plants. Associate Professor thesis, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Ankara.
• [6] Pan, X.Y., Wang, Y.F., Wang, G.X., Cao Q.D. and Wang, J., (2002) Relationship between growth redundancy and size inequality in spring wheat populations mulched with clear plastic film. Acta Phytoecol. Sinica, 26, 177-184.
• [7] Rauf, M., Munir, M., Ul-Hassan, M., Ahmed., M., Afzal, M., (2007) Performance of heat genotypes under osmotic stress at germination and early seedling growth stage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (8), 971-975.
• [8 ] Dilday, R., Mgonja, M., Amonsilpa, S., Collins, F. and Wells, B., (1990) Plant Height vs. Mesocotyl and Celeoptile Elongation in Rice: Linkage or Pleitropism? Crop Science, 30 (4), 815-818.
• [9] Carpita, N., Sabularse, D., Montezinos, D. and Delmer, D.P., (1979) Determination of the pore size of cell walls of living plant cells. Science, 205 (4411), 1144-1147.
• [10] Lagerwerff, J., Ogata, G. and Eagle, H.E., (1961) Control of osmotic pressure of culture solutions with polyethylene glycol. Science, 133 (3463), 1486-1487.
• [11] Gupta, S., Gupta, N., (2011) Field efficacy of exogenously applied putrescine in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water-stress conditions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81(6), 516-9.
• [12] Michel, B.E. and Kaufmann, M.R., (1973) The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, 51 (5), 914-916.
• [13] Elkoca, E., (1997) A Study on Salt Resistance in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Ataturk University Institute of Science and Technology, Master Thesis, Erzurum.
• [14] Maguire, J.D., (1962) Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2 (2), 176-177.
• [15] Aydın, M., Hossein Pour, A., Haliloğlu, K., Tosun, M., (2015) Effect of Application of Putrescine on Seedling Growth and Cell Division of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress. Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
• [16] Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D., (1970) Viability and leaching of sugars from germinating barley. Crop Science, 10 (1), 31-34.
• [17] Kaya, M,D., Okçu, G., Atak, M., Çıkılı, Y., Kolsarıcı, Ö., (2006) Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy 24(4):291-295.
• [18] Hossein Pour, A., (2016) The effects of chemical mutagen treatments on some in vitro characters and drought tolerance in wheat. Ataturk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Ph.D. Thesis, 57 p.
• [19] Sagsöz, S., (1974) Possibilities of obtaining tetraploid English grass from diploid English grass. Comparison of mitosis and meiosis chromosomes and some morphological features in these plants. Atatürk Üniv. Yay. No: 325, Zir. Fak. Yay. No: 159, Araş. Serisi No: 95, Erzurum.
• [20] Tosun, M., (1995) Determination of Some Cytological and Morphological Characteristics Affecting Grain Yield in Hexaploid Triticale Varieties/Lines. Ataturk Univ. Science. Inst. Doctoral Thesis, Erzurum, 112 p.
• [21] Reiger, R., Michaelis, A., Green, M.M., (1968) A. Glassory Genetics and Cytogenetics. Springer-Verbig, 507 p.
• [22] Lafond, G.P., Fowler, B.D., (1989) Soil temperature and water content, seedling depth, and simulated rainfall effects on winter wheat emergence. Agron. J., 81, 609-614.
• [23] Taskesenligil, B., (2016) Early Drought Resistance Characterization of Wheat Genotypes with Low Water Potential Germination, Cell Membrane Damage and Paraquata Tolerance Criteria. Atatürk University, Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops, Master's Thesis, Erzurum.
• [24] Baloch, M.S., Nadim, M.A., Zubair, M., Awan, I.U., Khan, E.A., Ali, A.S., (2012) Evaluation of wheat under normal and late sowing conditions. Pakistan Journal Botany, 44 (5), 1727-1732.
• [25] Pius, J., George, L., Eapen, S. and Rao, P., (1994) Evaluation of somaclonal and mutagen induced variation in fingermillet. Plant Breeding, 112 (3), 239-243.
• [26] Blum, A., Sinmena, B., Zıvr, O., (1980) An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in Wheat. Euphytica, 29 (3), 727-736.
• [27] Roza, G., Jamaati-e-Somarin, K,S., Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad, R., (2010) Effects of polyethylene glycol and NaCl stress on two cultivars of wheat (Triticum durum) at germination and early seedling stages. American-Eurasian J. Agric & Environ Sci 2010, 9:86-90.
• [28] Rezzaq, A., Ali, Q., Qayyum, A., Mahmood, M.A., Rasheed, M., (2013) Physiological responses and drought resiistance index of nine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different moisture conditions. Pakistan Jornal of Botany, 45 (SI), 151-155.
• [29] Almansouri, M., Kinet, J.M., Lutts, S., (2001) Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Tritucum durum Desf.). Plant and Soil, 231 (2), 243-254.
• [30] Akkuş, G., (2009) The Effect of Different Doses (GA3) and IBA Hormones on Germination Rate and Rate of Some Standard Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seeds. Yüzüncü Yıl University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Master's Thesis, Van.
• [31] Hızarcı, Y., (2001) The effects of folding and GA3 treatments on seed germination and dormancy in Karaerik grape variety. master's thesis. 54 s.
• [32] Erdemli, H., (2015) Effects of gibberellic acid doses on yield and germination under abiotic stress conditions in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Master Thesis. 82 s.
• [33] Naylor, R.E.L., and Gurmu, M., (1990) Seed vigour and water relations in wheat. Annals of Applied Biology, 117 (2), 441-450.
• [34] Barutçular, C., Koç, M., Genç, İ., (1994) The effect of germination and initial growth in bread wheat by water tension with the help of PEG-6000. Turkey I. Field Crops Congress, İzmir.
• [35] Dhanda, S.S., Sethi, G.S., Behl, R.K., (2004) Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190 (1), 6-12.
• [36] Jajarmi, V., (2009) Effect of water stress on germination indices in seven wheat cultivar. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Tecnology, 49, 105-106.
• [37] Landraces, D, W., (2011) Evaluation of Interaction Between Genotype and Environments in Term of Germination and Seedling Growth in Durum Wheat Landraces. Advances in Environmental Biology 5(4):551-558.
• [38] Ugur, Ö., (2015) Effects of Drought Stress on Early Growth in Barley. Yüzüncü Yıl University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, M.Sc., Van.
• [39] Besnard-Wibant, C., Noin, M., Zeevaart, J.A.D., (1983) Mitotic activities and levels of nuclear DNA in the apical meristem of Silene armeria (strain SI.2) following application of gibberellin A3. Plant and Cell Physiology, 24, 1269-1279.
• [40] Liu, P.B.W., Loy, J.B., (1976) Action of gibberellicacid on cellproliferation in thesubapicalshoot meristem of watermelonseedlings. American Journal of Botany, 63 (5), 700-704.
• [41] Van Der Zanden, A.M., (1999) Oregon State University Extension Service, MasterGardener Handbook, Chapter 1, Botany Basics, internet Sitesi:http://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/botany/hormones.html Erisim Tarihi: 04.05.2006.
• [42] Güçlü, M., (1997) Determination of Drought Resistance Degree of Wheat (Triticum L.) Varieties and Investigation of Changes in Genome Caused by Drought Stress. Erciyes University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology, Master's Thesis, Kayseri.
• [43] Robertson, J.M., Yeung, E.C., Reid, D.M., Hubick, K.T., (1990) Developmental Responses to Drought and Abscisic Acid in Sunflower Roots: 2. MITOTIC ACTIVITY. Journal of experimental botany 1990, 41(3):339-350.
• [44] Sacks, M.M., Silk, W.K., Burman, P., (1997) Effect of water stress on cortical cell division rates within the apical meristem of primary roots of maize. Plant physiology, 114(2):519-527.
• [45] Schuppler, U., He, P-H., John, P.C., Munns, R.,(1998) Effect of water stress on cell division and Cdc2-like cell cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves. Plant physiology , 117(2):667-678.
• [46] Aydın, M., Hossein Pour, A., Haliloğlu, K., Tosun, M., (2015) Effect of Putrecine Application and Drought Stress on Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Atatürk Univ., J. of the Agricultural Faculty, 46 (1), 43-55.
• [47] Demir, K., (2007) Effects of Pretreatment of Some Hormone and Chemicals with Hormone-Like Activity on Mitotic Index During Germination of Barley Seeds in Salty Conditions. Süleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology, Master's Thesis, Isparta .