EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE WARS ON THE USA

Year 2024, Volume: 23 Issue: 89, 344 - 358, 09.01.2024

Zeynep Karaş Ömercan Kara

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1383597

Abstract

TİCARET SAVAŞLARININ ABD ÜZERİNE OLAN ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Ticaret savaşlarının kökeni çok eski zamanlara dayanmaktadır. Tarihte birçok uygarlık, farklı uygarlıklarla yaptıkları ticaretlerde çeşitli gümrük vergileri ve kotalar uygulamıştır. Bu uygulamalar, ticaret savaşlarının ilk örnekleri olarak düşünülebilir. Ancak ‘Ticaret Savaşları'’ kavramının gündem olmasının, Donald Trump’ın 2016 seçimlerinde ABD Başkanı olması ile başladığı söylenebilir. Trump, ABD'nin Çin’e karşı var olan ticaret açığını neden göstererek ve ABD'li üreticileri Çin menşeili ürünlerin damping etkisinden korumak için 2017- 2018 yıllarında Kongreden bazı gümrük tarifesi yasaları, kota ve ithalat-ihracat denetimi yasaları geçirmiştir. Bu durum ABD bürokrasisi ve kamuoyu nezdinde tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, bu yasalar ABD'li üretici ve tüketici kesim üzerinde de bazı olumsuz etkiler oluşturmuştur. Üreticiler önemli üretim ve kar kayıpları yaşamış ve tüketicilerin satın alma gücü azalmıştır. 2019 yılı sonlarında ortaya çıkan COVID-19 pandemisi ile beraber ABD ve Çin arasındaki ticaret savaşı, yeni bir safhaya girmiştir. Ayrıca, iki ülke arasında yaşanan ticaret savaşı küresel resesyon beklentilerinin ana basamaklarından birini oluşturmuştur.
Bu çalışmada, ABD ve Çin arasında yaşanan ticaret savaşlarının ABD’ye olan etkisi, ABD’li tüketicilerin ve üreticilerin ticaret savaşlarından ne kadar etkilendiği, COVID-19 salgınının ABD ekonomisine yansımaları ile ABD bürokrasisinin ticaret savaşlarına yönelik tepkisi ve ticaret savaşlarının seyri incelenecek olup; ticaret savaşları bağlamında başta ülkemiz olmak üzere diğer ülkeler açısından bazı çıkarımlarda bulunulacaktır.

Keywords

Ticaret Savaşları, ABD, Çin, COVID-19

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