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İş Yapma Kolaylığının İhracat Üzerine Etkisinin OECD Ülkelerinde İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1198 - 1212, 25.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1597719

Abstract

Ricardo’ya göre ülkeler uluslararası ticarette karşılaştırmalı maliyet avantajına sahip oldukları endüstrilerde uzmanlaşacaklardır. Dinamik bir bağlamda karşılaştırmalı avantaj, koşullar geliştikçe zaman içinde değişebilir. Özellikle bir ülkenin küresel ticarete katılımının büyüklüğü bir dereceye kadar ülkede geçerli olan yönetime bağlı olduğundan, iş düzenlemelerinin uluslararası ticaret üzerindeki etkileri önemlidir. Bu bağlamda Ekonomik İş birliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) ülkeleri uluslararası ticarette ihracat kazançlarının istikrara kavuşturulmasına yardımcı olmak için finanstaki portföy etkisine benzer şekilde ihracatta çeşitlendirme yapmaktadır. Mal, hizmet ve doğal kaynak ihracatı ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın desteklenmesine yardımcı olur. İhracat performansı, ülkelerin iş yapma süreçlerini yürütme ve bu sürecin gelişimini teşvik etme biçiminden etkilenmektedir. İş yapma süreçlerinin yürütülmesi kolay, erişilebilir ve güvenilir sistemlerle mümkündür. Bu bağlamda, bir ülkenin iş ortamının kalitesi ve verimliliği Dünya Bankası tarafından İş Yapma Kolaylığı (İYK) endeksi ile ölçülmekte ve ülke kıyaslaması yoluyla reformlar teşvik edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı OECD ülkelerinde İYK’nın ihracat performansı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada İYK, iş ortamının ve ticaret süreçlerinin verimliliğini etkileyerek ihracat performansına ve ihracatın gelişmesine aracılık eden önemli bir dinamik olarak değerlendirilecektir. Bağımlı-bağımsız değişkenlerin birlikte pozitif veya negatif yönde nasıl hareket ettiğini analiz edebilmek için Spearman korelasyonu tekniğinden ve bağımlı değişkenin (ihracat verisi) birden fazla bağımsız değişken üzerinden tahmin edilmesini sağlamak için makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinden biri olan çoklu lineer regresyon modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre OECD ülkelerinde İYK ve ihracat performansının makine öğrenmesi çoklu regresyonuna göre genel olarak pozitif bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Modele göre bu ülkelerde İYK, ihracat performansını dolaylı olarak orta düzeyde etkilemekte ve aracı rol oynamaktadır.

References

  • Acar, Ö. F. & Çetinceli, K. (2020). Uluslararası ticarette taşıma türlerinin türkiye'nin lojistik performans endeksine etkisi ve iş yapma kolaylığı endeksi ilişkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 887-905.
  • Adepoju, U. K. (2017). Ease of doing business and economic growth. Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(1).
  • Buno, M., Nadanyiova, M. & Hraskova, D. (2015). The comparison of the quality of business environment in the countries of Visegrad group. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26(2015), 423–430.
  • Canare, T. (2018). The effect of ease of doing business on firm creation. Annals of Economics and Finance, 19(2), 555–584.
  • Corcoran, A. & Gillanders, R. (2013). Foreign direct investment and the ease of doing business. Review of World Economics, 151(1), 103-126.
  • Djankov, S., McLiesh, C. & Ramalho, R. M. (2006). Regulation and growth. Economics Letters, 92(3), 395-401.
  • Doing business. https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness.archive.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness, [Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2024].
  • Haidar, J. I. (2012). The impact of business regulatory reforms on economic growth. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 26(3), 285–307.
  • Kangal, N., Eroğlu, İ. & Çoban, M. N. (2018). İş yapma kolaylığı kapsamında mint ülkeleri üzerine bir değerlendirme. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 21-48.
  • Khan, Ş. A. (2020). The effect of governance on international trade and the mediating role of business regulations. Society & Sustainability, 2(3), 39-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.38157/society_sustainability.v2i3.198.
  • Kılıç, F. & Şenkardeşler Aktaş, R. (2020). İş yapma kolaylığı ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(2), 170-179.
  • Koç, E., Kaya, K. & Şenel, M. C. (2017). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de ekonomik göstergeler-iş yapma/iş kurma kolaylığı endeksi. Mühendis ve Makina, 58(685), 17-42.
  • Laboutková, S. & Bednářová, P. (2013). Easy of doing business and globalization – Linkages between both in developed market economies and developing countries. The 7th International Days of Statistics and Economics, 1, September 19-21.
  • Leon, A. C. (1998). Descriptive and inferential statistics. Cornell University Medical College, United States: New York.
  • Morano, R. S., Jacomossi, R. R., Barrichello, A. & Feldmann, P. R. (2022). The interdependence between ease of doing business, innovation, and competitiveness of nations. Brazilian Administration Review, 20(2).
  • Nangpiire, C., Rodrigues, R. G. & Adam, I. O. (2018). Ease of doing business and foreign direct investment inflow among Sub-Sahara African countries. Int. J. Business and Emerging Markets, 10(3), 289-303.
  • Olayemi, O. O., Okonji, P. S. & Ogbeiwi, M. (2021). Ease of doing business reforms and business growth among selected micro, small and medium enterprises (Msmes) in present day Nigeria: A hierarchical multiple regression modelling approach. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 10, 57-73.
  • Qazi, T. F., Niazi, A. A. K., Asghar, W. & Basit, A. (2021). Ease of doing business: analysis of trade facilitations of one hundred twenty-seven countries of the world. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 7(1), 65-75
  • Ricardo, D. (2008). Siyasal iktisadın ve vergilendirmenin ilkeleri (1. Basım). B. Zeren (Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Rocha, G. R., Oliveira, V. H. & Rodrigues, R. G. (2019). Ease of doing business: Differences between OECDand Non-OECD countries. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, October-December.
  • Rong, S. & Bao-wen, Z. (2018). The research of regression model in machine learning field. MATEC Web of Conferences, 176(3), 01033. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817601033.
  • Širá E., Vavrek, R., Vozárová, I. K. & Kotulič, R. (2020). Knowledge economy indicators and their impact on the sustainable competitiveness of the EU Countries. Sustainability, 12(10), 1-22. doi:10.3390/su12104172.
  • Sujová, A., Simanová, L., Kupˇcák, V., Schmidtová, J. & Lukáˇcikov, A. (2021). Effects of foreign trade on the economic performance of industries—evidence from wood processing industry of Czechia and Slovakia. Economies, 9(4), 1-20.
  • UNCTAD. (2024). unctad.org/statistics, [Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2024].
  • Worlbank. (2024b). Doing business 2020–Sustaining the pace of reforms, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news /feature/2019/10/24/doing-business-2020-sustaining-the-pace-of-reforms, [Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2024].
  • Worldbank. (2024a). The economic case for nature: A global earth-economy model to assess development policy pathways, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/fcc11682-c752-51c4-a59f-0ab5cd40dc6f, [Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2024].

Examining the Effect of Ease of Doing Business on Exports in OECD Countries

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1198 - 1212, 25.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1597719

Abstract

According to Ricardo, countries will specialise in industries with a comparative cost advantage in international trade. In a dynamic context, comparative advantage can evolve as conditions change. The effects of business regulations on international trade are significant, mainly since a country's level of participation in global trade partly depends on the prevailing governance within the country. In this context, countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) diversify their exports similarly to the portfolio effect in finance to help stabilise export earnings in international trade. Exports of goods, services, and natural resources support economic growth and development. Export performance is influenced by how countries conduct and promote the development of their business processes. Conducting business processes is facilitated by accessible, reliable, and efficient systems. In this context, the quality and efficiency of a country's business environment is gauged by the Ease of Doing Business (EODB) index from the World Bank, with reforms encouraged through country benchmarking. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of EEC on export performance in OECD countries. In the study, EODB will be assessed as a significant dynamic that mediates export performance and development by influencing the efficiency of the business environment and trade processes. To analyse the relationship between dependent and independent variables moving together in a positive or negative direction, the Spearman correlation technique was employed. To ensure that the dependent variable (export data) is estimated across multiple independent variables, the multiple linear regression model, one of the machine learning methods, was utilised. According to the results obtained, it is evident that EODB and export performance in OECD countries generally exhibit a positive relationship as per machine learning multiple regression. The model indicates that EODB in these countries indirectly influences export performance at a moderate level and plays a mediating role.

References

  • Acar, Ö. F. & Çetinceli, K. (2020). Uluslararası ticarette taşıma türlerinin türkiye'nin lojistik performans endeksine etkisi ve iş yapma kolaylığı endeksi ilişkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 887-905.
  • Adepoju, U. K. (2017). Ease of doing business and economic growth. Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(1).
  • Buno, M., Nadanyiova, M. & Hraskova, D. (2015). The comparison of the quality of business environment in the countries of Visegrad group. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26(2015), 423–430.
  • Canare, T. (2018). The effect of ease of doing business on firm creation. Annals of Economics and Finance, 19(2), 555–584.
  • Corcoran, A. & Gillanders, R. (2013). Foreign direct investment and the ease of doing business. Review of World Economics, 151(1), 103-126.
  • Djankov, S., McLiesh, C. & Ramalho, R. M. (2006). Regulation and growth. Economics Letters, 92(3), 395-401.
  • Doing business. https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness.archive.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness, [Erişim Tarihi: 20.09.2024].
  • Haidar, J. I. (2012). The impact of business regulatory reforms on economic growth. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 26(3), 285–307.
  • Kangal, N., Eroğlu, İ. & Çoban, M. N. (2018). İş yapma kolaylığı kapsamında mint ülkeleri üzerine bir değerlendirme. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 21-48.
  • Khan, Ş. A. (2020). The effect of governance on international trade and the mediating role of business regulations. Society & Sustainability, 2(3), 39-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.38157/society_sustainability.v2i3.198.
  • Kılıç, F. & Şenkardeşler Aktaş, R. (2020). İş yapma kolaylığı ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(2), 170-179.
  • Koç, E., Kaya, K. & Şenel, M. C. (2017). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de ekonomik göstergeler-iş yapma/iş kurma kolaylığı endeksi. Mühendis ve Makina, 58(685), 17-42.
  • Laboutková, S. & Bednářová, P. (2013). Easy of doing business and globalization – Linkages between both in developed market economies and developing countries. The 7th International Days of Statistics and Economics, 1, September 19-21.
  • Leon, A. C. (1998). Descriptive and inferential statistics. Cornell University Medical College, United States: New York.
  • Morano, R. S., Jacomossi, R. R., Barrichello, A. & Feldmann, P. R. (2022). The interdependence between ease of doing business, innovation, and competitiveness of nations. Brazilian Administration Review, 20(2).
  • Nangpiire, C., Rodrigues, R. G. & Adam, I. O. (2018). Ease of doing business and foreign direct investment inflow among Sub-Sahara African countries. Int. J. Business and Emerging Markets, 10(3), 289-303.
  • Olayemi, O. O., Okonji, P. S. & Ogbeiwi, M. (2021). Ease of doing business reforms and business growth among selected micro, small and medium enterprises (Msmes) in present day Nigeria: A hierarchical multiple regression modelling approach. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 10, 57-73.
  • Qazi, T. F., Niazi, A. A. K., Asghar, W. & Basit, A. (2021). Ease of doing business: analysis of trade facilitations of one hundred twenty-seven countries of the world. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 7(1), 65-75
  • Ricardo, D. (2008). Siyasal iktisadın ve vergilendirmenin ilkeleri (1. Basım). B. Zeren (Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Rocha, G. R., Oliveira, V. H. & Rodrigues, R. G. (2019). Ease of doing business: Differences between OECDand Non-OECD countries. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, October-December.
  • Rong, S. & Bao-wen, Z. (2018). The research of regression model in machine learning field. MATEC Web of Conferences, 176(3), 01033. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817601033.
  • Širá E., Vavrek, R., Vozárová, I. K. & Kotulič, R. (2020). Knowledge economy indicators and their impact on the sustainable competitiveness of the EU Countries. Sustainability, 12(10), 1-22. doi:10.3390/su12104172.
  • Sujová, A., Simanová, L., Kupˇcák, V., Schmidtová, J. & Lukáˇcikov, A. (2021). Effects of foreign trade on the economic performance of industries—evidence from wood processing industry of Czechia and Slovakia. Economies, 9(4), 1-20.
  • UNCTAD. (2024). unctad.org/statistics, [Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2024].
  • Worlbank. (2024b). Doing business 2020–Sustaining the pace of reforms, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news /feature/2019/10/24/doing-business-2020-sustaining-the-pace-of-reforms, [Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2024].
  • Worldbank. (2024a). The economic case for nature: A global earth-economy model to assess development policy pathways, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/fcc11682-c752-51c4-a59f-0ab5cd40dc6f, [Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2024].
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Econometric and Statistical Methods, Economic Models and Forecasting, Financial Economy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cem Kartal 0000-0002-8453-3300

Mürüvet Acar Karaboğa 0000-0002-7944-7213

Zafer Özdil 0009-0004-3061-3534

Publication Date May 25, 2025
Submission Date December 6, 2024
Acceptance Date March 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kartal, C., Acar Karaboğa, M., & Özdil, Z. (2025). İş Yapma Kolaylığının İhracat Üzerine Etkisinin OECD Ülkelerinde İncelenmesi. Fiscaoeconomia, 9(2), 1198-1212. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1597719

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