Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 297 - 307, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1427270

Abstract

References

  • [1] Heyes, AM, Automotive component failures. Engineering Failure Analysis, 5 (1998) 129-141.
  • [2] Colin García, E, et al., Microstructural and Mechanical Assessment of Camshafts Produced by Ductile Cast Iron Low Alloyed with Vanadium. Metals, 11 (2021) 1-18.
  • [3] Gafur, MA, Haque, MN, and Prabhu, KN, Effect of chill thickness and superheat on casting/chill interfacial heat transfer during solidification of commercially pure aluminium. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 133 (2003) 257-265.
  • [4] Dahuri, SM, Subri, NHA, and Noor, NM, Stress analysis of engine camshaft from light metal. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2 (2018) 37-44.
  • [5] Cerit, AA, et al., Comparison of the surface morphologies of ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite cams after wear tests under dry and wet conditions. Journal of Composite Materials, 57 (2023) 1541-1556.
  • [6] Barothi, L, et al. Study regarding the influence of geometrical characteristics of the distribution system on truck engines efficiency parameters. in IOP Conference Series: ''Materials Science and Engineering''. 2022. Chisinau, Republic of Moldova: IOP Publishing.
  • [7] Burdzik, R, et al., Attempt to assess operational wear of camshaft cams. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 57 (2012) 57-62.
  • [8] Godiño, JAV, et al., Failure analysis of an overhead valve train system in urban buses. Engineering Failure Analysis 96 (2019) 455-467.
  • [9] Alidokht, SA, Abdollah-Zadeh, A, and Assadi, H, Effect of applied load on the dry sliding wear behaviour and the subsurface deformation on hybrid metal matrix composite. Wear, 305 (2013) 291-298.
  • [10] Jamaati, R, Naseri, M, and Toroghinejad, MR, Wear behavior of nanostructured Al/Al2O3 composite fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Materials & Design, 59 (2014) 540-549.
  • [11] Shinde, DM and Sahoo, P, Influence of Speed and Sliding Distance on the Tribological Performance of Submicron Particulate Reinforced Al-12Si /1.5 Wt% B4C Composite. International Journal of Metalcasting, 16 (2022) 739-758.
  • [12] K, R and M, B, Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Lithium and Silicon Nitride. Silicon, 14 (2022) 115-125.
  • [13] Buliwal, A, Dhakar, B, and Pare, V, Fabrication of aluminum based metal matrix composite using stir casting method and characterize its tribological properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61 (2022) 78-83.
  • [14] Singh, C, Mer, KKS, and Kumar, H, Synthesis and Dry Sliding Wear Characterization of Aluminum based Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with In-situ (Iron ore) Alumina, in Department of Mechanical Engineering Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College Ghurdauri. 2010. p. 198.
  • [15] Shivaprakash, YM, Basavaraj, Y, and Sreenivasa Prasad, KV, Comparative study of tribological characteristics of AA2024+ 10% fly ash composite in non-heat treated and heat treated conditions. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2 (2013) 275-280.
  • [16] Suresha, S and Sridhara, BK, Effect of silicon carbide particulates on wear resistance of graphitic aluminium matrix composites. Materials & Design, 31 (2010) 4470-4477.
  • [17] Muley, AV and Ruchika, Wear and friction (Tribological) characteristic of aluminum based metal matrix hybrid composite: An overview. Materials Today: Proceedings, (2023).
  • [18] Basavarajappa, S, et al., Dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219/SiCp-Gr hybrid metal matrix composites. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 15 (2006) 668-674.
  • [19] Schumacher, EE and Souden, AG, Some aspects of powder metallurgy. The Bell System Technical Journal, 23 (1944) 422-457.
  • [20] Zafar, HMN and Nair, F, Fabrication and Microscale Characterization of Iron Matrix Composite Wires Reinforced by in situ Synthesized Iron Boride Phases. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48 (2023) 3909-3930.
  • [21] Zafar, HMN and Nair, F, Quantitative Analysis of Codeformation Behavior of Ceramic and Metallic Particle System. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, (2023).
  • [22] Doyon, G, Rudnev, V, and Maher, J, Induction hardening of crankshafts and camshafts, in ASM Handbook, V.R.G.E. Totten, Editor. 2014, ASM International: Ohio, USA. p. 172-186.
  • [23] Cruz Ramírez, A, et al., Evaluation of CADI Low Alloyed with Chromium for Camshafts Application. Metals, 12 (2022) 1-24.
  • [24] Dayanç, A, Karaca, B, and Kumruoğlu, L, The cathodic electrolytic plasma hardening of steel and cast iron based automotive camshafts. Acta Physica Polonica B, 131 (2017) 374-378.
  • [25] Bhowmik, A, Dey, D, and Biswas, A, Microstructure, mechanical and wear behaviour of Al7075/SiC aluminium matrix composite fabricated by stir casting. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 28 (2021) 46-54.
  • [26] Uzkut, M, Abrasive wear behaviour of SiCp-reinforced 2011 Al-alloy composites. Materials and Technology, 47 (2013) 635-638.
  • [27] Alpas, AT, Hu, H, and Zhang, J, Plastic deformation and damage accumulation below the worn surfaces. Wear, 162 (1993) 188-195.
  • [28] Gangopadhyay, A, Soltis, E, and Johnson, MD, Valvetrain friction and wear: Influence of surface engineering and lubricants. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 218 (2004) 147-156.

Ceramic Particle Reinforced Camshaft Lobes: A Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 297 - 307, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1427270

Abstract

Ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite (CMMC) cams in engines could improve fuel efficiency and wear resistance compared to traditional steel cams but require absolute evaluation. However, ensuring safe CMMC cam operation demands extensive wear testing, mimicking real-world conditions over longer durations instead of limited lab evaluations. This study is an extension of the previously reported feasibility analysis of the ceramic particle reinforced Al matrix composite labs. The performance of the best selected (Al + 20, 30 vol. % SiC(2µm)) composites for a wear duration of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 15 h is reported with various combinations of pressures and compared with the reference cam lobes. Results showed that the higher content of ceramic particles improved the wear resistance, however, the influence diminished at larger durations due to surface hardening of the composites. The wear performance of the composite (Al + 30 vol.% SiC) reaches 73% of the conventional cams but it also causes significant wear in the counterface due to initiation of three-body-wear by the dislodged ceramic particles.

Ethical Statement

We declare that this manuscript is original, has not been previously published, and contains no plagiarized material. We have obtained informed consent from all human participants and adhered to all applicable animal welfare guidelines. We have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Supporting Institution

the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK)

Thanks

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, grant number FBT07-55, and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK), grant number 106M021.

References

  • [1] Heyes, AM, Automotive component failures. Engineering Failure Analysis, 5 (1998) 129-141.
  • [2] Colin García, E, et al., Microstructural and Mechanical Assessment of Camshafts Produced by Ductile Cast Iron Low Alloyed with Vanadium. Metals, 11 (2021) 1-18.
  • [3] Gafur, MA, Haque, MN, and Prabhu, KN, Effect of chill thickness and superheat on casting/chill interfacial heat transfer during solidification of commercially pure aluminium. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 133 (2003) 257-265.
  • [4] Dahuri, SM, Subri, NHA, and Noor, NM, Stress analysis of engine camshaft from light metal. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2 (2018) 37-44.
  • [5] Cerit, AA, et al., Comparison of the surface morphologies of ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite cams after wear tests under dry and wet conditions. Journal of Composite Materials, 57 (2023) 1541-1556.
  • [6] Barothi, L, et al. Study regarding the influence of geometrical characteristics of the distribution system on truck engines efficiency parameters. in IOP Conference Series: ''Materials Science and Engineering''. 2022. Chisinau, Republic of Moldova: IOP Publishing.
  • [7] Burdzik, R, et al., Attempt to assess operational wear of camshaft cams. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 57 (2012) 57-62.
  • [8] Godiño, JAV, et al., Failure analysis of an overhead valve train system in urban buses. Engineering Failure Analysis 96 (2019) 455-467.
  • [9] Alidokht, SA, Abdollah-Zadeh, A, and Assadi, H, Effect of applied load on the dry sliding wear behaviour and the subsurface deformation on hybrid metal matrix composite. Wear, 305 (2013) 291-298.
  • [10] Jamaati, R, Naseri, M, and Toroghinejad, MR, Wear behavior of nanostructured Al/Al2O3 composite fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Materials & Design, 59 (2014) 540-549.
  • [11] Shinde, DM and Sahoo, P, Influence of Speed and Sliding Distance on the Tribological Performance of Submicron Particulate Reinforced Al-12Si /1.5 Wt% B4C Composite. International Journal of Metalcasting, 16 (2022) 739-758.
  • [12] K, R and M, B, Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Lithium and Silicon Nitride. Silicon, 14 (2022) 115-125.
  • [13] Buliwal, A, Dhakar, B, and Pare, V, Fabrication of aluminum based metal matrix composite using stir casting method and characterize its tribological properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61 (2022) 78-83.
  • [14] Singh, C, Mer, KKS, and Kumar, H, Synthesis and Dry Sliding Wear Characterization of Aluminum based Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with In-situ (Iron ore) Alumina, in Department of Mechanical Engineering Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College Ghurdauri. 2010. p. 198.
  • [15] Shivaprakash, YM, Basavaraj, Y, and Sreenivasa Prasad, KV, Comparative study of tribological characteristics of AA2024+ 10% fly ash composite in non-heat treated and heat treated conditions. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2 (2013) 275-280.
  • [16] Suresha, S and Sridhara, BK, Effect of silicon carbide particulates on wear resistance of graphitic aluminium matrix composites. Materials & Design, 31 (2010) 4470-4477.
  • [17] Muley, AV and Ruchika, Wear and friction (Tribological) characteristic of aluminum based metal matrix hybrid composite: An overview. Materials Today: Proceedings, (2023).
  • [18] Basavarajappa, S, et al., Dry sliding wear behavior of Al 2219/SiCp-Gr hybrid metal matrix composites. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 15 (2006) 668-674.
  • [19] Schumacher, EE and Souden, AG, Some aspects of powder metallurgy. The Bell System Technical Journal, 23 (1944) 422-457.
  • [20] Zafar, HMN and Nair, F, Fabrication and Microscale Characterization of Iron Matrix Composite Wires Reinforced by in situ Synthesized Iron Boride Phases. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48 (2023) 3909-3930.
  • [21] Zafar, HMN and Nair, F, Quantitative Analysis of Codeformation Behavior of Ceramic and Metallic Particle System. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, (2023).
  • [22] Doyon, G, Rudnev, V, and Maher, J, Induction hardening of crankshafts and camshafts, in ASM Handbook, V.R.G.E. Totten, Editor. 2014, ASM International: Ohio, USA. p. 172-186.
  • [23] Cruz Ramírez, A, et al., Evaluation of CADI Low Alloyed with Chromium for Camshafts Application. Metals, 12 (2022) 1-24.
  • [24] Dayanç, A, Karaca, B, and Kumruoğlu, L, The cathodic electrolytic plasma hardening of steel and cast iron based automotive camshafts. Acta Physica Polonica B, 131 (2017) 374-378.
  • [25] Bhowmik, A, Dey, D, and Biswas, A, Microstructure, mechanical and wear behaviour of Al7075/SiC aluminium matrix composite fabricated by stir casting. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 28 (2021) 46-54.
  • [26] Uzkut, M, Abrasive wear behaviour of SiCp-reinforced 2011 Al-alloy composites. Materials and Technology, 47 (2013) 635-638.
  • [27] Alpas, AT, Hu, H, and Zhang, J, Plastic deformation and damage accumulation below the worn surfaces. Wear, 162 (1993) 188-195.
  • [28] Gangopadhyay, A, Soltis, E, and Johnson, MD, Valvetrain friction and wear: Influence of surface engineering and lubricants. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 218 (2004) 147-156.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Materials Science and Technologies, Material Design and Behaviors, Tribology, Composite and Hybrid Materials
Journal Section Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Authors

Afşın Alper Cerit 0000-0002-3343-7976

Fehmi Nair 0000-0003-3519-6771

Hafız Muhammad Numan Zafar 0000-0001-7122-4974

Early Pub Date March 16, 2024
Publication Date March 25, 2024
Submission Date January 28, 2024
Acceptance Date March 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cerit, A. A., Nair, F., & Zafar, H. M. N. (2024). Ceramic Particle Reinforced Camshaft Lobes: A Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 12(1), 297-307. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1427270

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