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Bir kültürel miras turizmi destinasyonunun yaşam döngüsü: Boğazkale Örneği

Year 2024, Issue: 51, 68 - 84, 25.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1375082

Abstract

Birçok boyutu olan sürdürülebilir turizmde, turizm alanları yaşam döngüsü kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Keşif aşamasıyla başlayan turizm alanları yaşam döngüsü çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak çöküş sürecine doğru devam etmektedir. Turizm alanlarının yaşam döngüsünün devam etmesi, çöküş aşamasının ertelenmesi veya çöküş aşamasında olan bir destinasyonun yeniden canlandırılması için destinasyonların turizm gelişimlerinin hangi aşamada olduklarının ve nasıl bir gelişim seyri izlediklerinin tespitine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Butler (1980)’ın Destinasyonların Yaşam Döngüsü modelinin kültürel miras turizmi için önemli bir destinasyon olan ve UNESCO Kültür Miras Listesi ile Dünya Belleği Listesi’nde yer alan Boğazkale’de uygulanabilirliği amaçlanmıştır. Boğazkale destinasyonunun Butler (1980)’ın Turizm Alanları Yaşam Döngüsü modeli kapsamında hangi evrede olduğunun belirlenmesi için iç içe geçmiş tek durum deseni ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler için açıklayıcı ve keşfedici analiz kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Boğazkale destinasyonunun “çöküş aşamasında” olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma doktora tezinden alındığı için doktora tez araştırmasında kullanılan etik kurul izni yüklenmiştir.

References

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The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale

Year 2024, Issue: 51, 68 - 84, 25.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1375082

Abstract

The life course of the destination is critical in sustainable tourism which includes many dimensions. The life course of destinations, which begins with the exploration phase, continues towards the decline process for various reasons. Continuing the life course of the destination, postponing the decline phase, or rejuvenating a destination that is in the decline phase depends on determining the stage of tourism development of the destinations and what kind of development course they follow. This study aims to determine the applicability of Boğazkale, where is essential destination for cultural heritage tourism for Butler's (1980) Tourism Area’s Life Cycle model and on the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List and the Memory of the World List. Single-case study design was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine which life stage Boğazkale destination was within the scope of Butler's (1980) TALC model. Exploratory and explanatory case analysis was used for the findings. As a result, it has been determined that Boğazkale's destination is in the “decline stage.”

References

  • Alp, S. (2000). Hitit Çağında Anadolu: çiviyazılı ve hiyeroglif yazılı kaynaklar. Ankara: TÜBİTAK Yayınları.
  • Agarwal, B. (1997). "Bargaining" and gender relations: Within and beyond the household. Feminist Economics, 3(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/135457097338799
  • Akgöz, E. (2018). Anadolu’da kurulan en eski organize devletin ilk başkenti: Boğazkale-Hattuşaş (Boğazköy). Abdullah Karaman, Kürşat Sayın ve Alper Ateş (ed.), Türkiye'nin UNESCO Değerleri ve Turizm Potansiyeli (52- 67). Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Andriotis, K. (2003). Tourism in Crete: A form of modernisation. Current Issues in Tourism, 6, 23–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500308667943
  • Andriotis, K. (2006). Researching the development gap between the hinterland and the coast—Evidence from the island of Crete. Tourism Management, 27(4), 629–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.005
  • Ay, M. (2021). Investigation of Cumalıkızık's life cycle within the context of Butler's tourism area life cycle (TALC) model. (Yüksek lisans tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir).
  • Birsen, A. G., & Bilim, Y. (2019). A comparative life cycle analysis of two mass tourism destinations in Turkey. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 7(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.421
  • Bitusikova, A. (2021). Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development. Muzeológia a Kultúrne Dedičstvo, 9, 81–95. https://doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.9.1.5
  • Butler. (1980). The concept of tourism area cycle of evolution: Implications for resources management. Canadian Geographer/ Géographies canadiennes, 24(1), 5–12. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x
  • Butler, R. (2004). Geographical research on tourism, recreation and leisure: Origins, eras and directions. Tourism Geographies-TOUR GEOGR, 6, 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461668042000208453
  • Butler, R. (2006). The Tourism Area Life Cycle. Birstol: Channel View Publications.
  • Butler, R. (2008). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 24, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541- 0064.1980.tb00970.x
  • Chigozie, O. (2020). The implication of TALC to tourism planning and development in the global south: Examples from Nigeria. J. of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 8, 68–86. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328- 2169/2020.02.003
  • Choy, D. J. L. (1992). Life cycle models for Pacific Island Destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 30(3), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759203000304
  • Cooper, C. (1992). The Life Cycle Concept and Strategic Planning for Coastal Resorts. Built Environment (1978-), 18(1), 57–66.
  • Crompton, J., Reid, I. S., & Uysal, M. (1987). Empirical identification of product life-cycle patterns in the delivery of municipal park and recreation service. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 5, 17–34.
  • Cruz-Milán, O. (2019). Integrating venturesomeness and consumption needs: Effects on destination choice along the TALC. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(6), 747.
  • Çorum Müze Müdürlüğü. (2022). Çorum Boğazköy Hattuşa ören yeri 2005-2022 yılları arası istatistik tablosu.
  • DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2), e000057. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch- 2018-000057
  • Formica, S., & Uysal, M. (1995). A Market Segmentation of Festival Visitors: Umbria Jazz Festival in Italy. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 3, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.3727/106527095792232523
  • Garay, L., & Cànoves, G. (2011) Six decades of contemporary tourism development in Catalonia. An analysis from the perspective of destination life cycle and regulation theories. A Martins, María Manuela i Calado, Álvaro (Coords.). Economics and management of tourism. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://www.academia.edu/4982745/Garay_Llu%C3%ADs_C%C3%A0noves_Gemma_2011_Six_decades_of _contemporary_tourism_development_in_Catalonia_An_analysis_from_the_perspective_of_destinatio n_life_cycle_and_regulation_theories_A_Martins_Mar%C3%ADa_Manuela_i_Calado_%C3%81lvaro_Coor ds_2011_Economics_and_management_of_tourism
  • Getz, D. (1992). Tourism planning and destination life cycle. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 752–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90065-W
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. A. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research, 2, 163-194.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How Many Interviews Are Enough? Field Methods, 18, 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
  • Gülenç Birsen, A. (2017). Destinasyon yaşam döngüsü modeliyle eski ve yeni destinasyonların gelişim süreçlerinin incelenmesi: Yerel halk algısına dayalı planlama önerileri. (Doktora tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya). https://acikerisim.erbakan.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12452/3411
  • Gümüşçü, O. (1994). Boğazkale ilçesi Çorum coğrafyası. (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara).
  • Güney, İ., & Somuncu, M. (2018). Kuşadası İlçesi’nde turizmin yaşam döngüsü: Mekânsal ve toplumsal öğeler üzerinden bir değerlendirme. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (71), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.440799
  • Hovinen, G. R. (1981). A Tourist Cycle in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Canadian Geographies / Géographies Canadiennes, 25(3), 283–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1981.tb01649.x
  • Klaus Meyer-Arendt. (1985). The Grand Isle, Louisiana Resort Cycle. Annals of Tourism Research. 12, 449–465. https://www.academia.edu/20947029/Barrier_Island_Settlement_and_Landuse_Evolution_A_Gulf_Coast_ Model_in_Estuarine_and_Coastal_Management_Tools_of_the_Trade
  • Kozak, M., & Martin, D. (2012). Tourism life cycle and sustainability analysis: Profit-focused strategies for mature destinations. Tourism Management, 33, 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.001
  • Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in qualitative research: The assessment of trustworthiness. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45, 214-222.
  • Lee, Y., & Weaver, D. (2014). The tourism area life cycle in Kim Yujeong Literary Village, Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.735681
  • Marsiglio, S. (2018). On the implications of tourism specialization and structural change in tourism destinations. Tourism Economics, 24(8), 945–962. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618784788
  • Martin, B., & Uysal, M. (1990). An examination of the relationship between carrying capacity and the tourism lifecycle: Management and policy implications. Journal of Environmental Management, 31, 327–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80061-1
  • Meng, Z., Wei, Y., & Yu, Y. (2011). On Life cycle of cultural heritage engineering tourism: A case study of Macau. Systems Engineering Procedia, 1, 351–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.08.053
  • Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. (Çev: S. Turan). (9. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2016). Genişletilmiş bir kaynak kitap: Nitel veri analizi (Çev: S. Akbaba-Altun & A. Ersoy). (3. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Noy, C. (2008). Sampling knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 327.
  • Oppermann, M. (1995). Travel life cycle. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00004-P
  • Richards, G. (2001). Cultural attractions and European tourism. Wallingford: CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994406.0000
  • Richards, G. (2003). What is cultural tourism? Van Maaren, A. (Ed.), Erfgoed voor Toerisme. Nationaal Contact Monumenten.
  • Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16870.27203
  • Singal, M., & Uysal, M. (2009). Resource commitment in destination management: The case of Abingdon, Virginia. Tourism, 57, 329–344.
  • Şahin, S. Z. (2021). Hatuşşa’da miras turizm. Sevim, Kül Avan, Erkan Kadir Şimşek, Özgür Yayla, Muhammer Cenk Birinci (Ed.). Rekreasyon ve Turizm Araştırmaları içinde (s. 125-136). Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi.
  • Timothy, D. J., & Boyd, S. W. (2003). Heritage tourism. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Tooman. (1997). Tourism and Development—L. Alex Tooman, 1997. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004728759703500305
  • TÜİK. (2022). Turizm istatistikleri, II. çeyrek: Nisan-Haziran 2022. 1 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turizm-Istatistikleri-II.-Ceyrek:-Nisan-Haziran-2022-45787 erişim sağlandı.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Recreation, Leisure and Tourism Geography
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Cemal Kaleli 0000-0001-8267-2641

Tamer Özlü 0000-0002-8847-7967

Publication Date January 25, 2024
Submission Date October 12, 2023
Acceptance Date December 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 51

Cite

APA Kaleli, C., & Özlü, T. (2024). The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education(51), 68-84. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1375082
AMA Kaleli C, Özlü T. The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale. IGGE. January 2024;(51):68-84. doi:10.32003/igge.1375082
Chicago Kaleli, Cemal, and Tamer Özlü. “The Life Cycle of a Cultural Heritage Tourism Destination: The Case of Boğazkale”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, no. 51 (January 2024): 68-84. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1375082.
EndNote Kaleli C, Özlü T (January 1, 2024) The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 51 68–84.
IEEE C. Kaleli and T. Özlü, “The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale”, IGGE, no. 51, pp. 68–84, January 2024, doi: 10.32003/igge.1375082.
ISNAD Kaleli, Cemal - Özlü, Tamer. “The Life Cycle of a Cultural Heritage Tourism Destination: The Case of Boğazkale”. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 51 (January 2024), 68-84. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1375082.
JAMA Kaleli C, Özlü T. The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale. IGGE. 2024;:68–84.
MLA Kaleli, Cemal and Tamer Özlü. “The Life Cycle of a Cultural Heritage Tourism Destination: The Case of Boğazkale”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, no. 51, 2024, pp. 68-84, doi:10.32003/igge.1375082.
Vancouver Kaleli C, Özlü T. The life cycle of a cultural heritage tourism destination: The case of Boğazkale. IGGE. 2024(51):68-84.