Orta ve Doğu Avrupa Ülkeleri Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörlerinde Dikey Uzmanlaşma

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 490 - 508, 31.12.2023

Şahin Nas Maya Moalla

Abstract

Küreselleşme ile dünya ticaretinde üretimin uluslararası parçalanması gündeme gelmiş ve artık üretim sürecinin her bir aşaması farklı bir ülkede gerçekleşmiştir. Ülkeler nihai bir mal veya hizmet üretmekten ziyade üretim sürecinin belirli bir aşamasında uzmanlaşma politikası izlemiştir. 2000’li yıllarda düşük maliyet sağlayan teknolojik gelişmeler ve ICT alanındaki gelişmeler ile üretimin uluslararası parçalanma süreci daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı 2004 yılında AB’ye üye olan CEE ülkeleri ICT sektörlerinin küresel üretim ağı içindeki konumunu analiz etmektedir. Bu amaçla Hummels, Rapoport & Yi (1998) ve Hummels, Ishii & Yi (2001) tarafından geliştirilen HIY yöntemi ile dikey uzmanlaşma oranı hesaplanmıştır. Analizde WIOD’da yer alan 2000-2014 dönemini kapsayan girdi-çıktı tabloları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, CEE ülkelerinin ICT sektöründe 2000-2014 döneminde dikey uzmanlaşma oranı Çek Cumhuriyeti, Litvanya ve Polonya’da yükselmiş, Estonya, Macaristan, Slovakya ve Slovenya’da düşmüştür. Letonya’da ise dalgalı bir seyir izlemektedir. ICT alt sektörleri için elde edilen bulgulara göre; 2000-2014 döneminde dikey uzmanlaşmanın en yüksek olduğu sektörler Çek Cumhuriyeti, Estonya, Letonya, Slovakya’da yayıncılık faaliyetleri (J58), Polonya ve Slovenya’da telekomünikasyon (J61), Macaristan’da sinema filmi, video ve televizyon programı yapımı, ses kaydı ve müzik yayıncılığı faaliyetleri; programlama ve yayın faaliyetleri (J59_J60) ve Litvanya’da ise bilgisayar programlama, danışmanlık ve ilgili faaliyetler; bilgi hizmeti faaliyetleri (J62_J63)’dır.

Keywords

Dikey Uzmanlaşma, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT), Girdi-Çıktı Analizi, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa Ülkeleri (ODA), Küresel Üretim Ağı.

The Vertical Specialisation in the Information and Communication Technologies Sectors of Central and Eastern European Countries

Abstract

With globalisation, the international fragmentation of production in world trade has come to the fore, and now different production stages occurred in different countries. Countries specialised at a certain stage of the production process rather than producing a final good or service. In the 2000s, the international fragmentation process of production gained more importance concomitant with the technological developments that provide low cost and the developments in ICT. In this context, the study’s main purpose is to analyse the position of the ICT sub-sectors in the CEE countries, that joined the EU in 2004, in the global production network. Based on WIOD, the HIY method proposed by Hummels, Ishii & Yi (2001) was applied to the input-output tables of CEE countries to appraise the vertical specialisation rate in ICT sub-sectors during the period from 2000 to 2014. The outcomes revealed that the ICT sectors’ vertical specialisation rate in CEE countries increased in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Poland. However, it decreased in Estonia, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia during the studied interval. In Latvia, the rate of vertical specialisation follows a fluctuating course. The highest vertical specialisation was accounted for the (J58) sector in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, and Slovakia, for the (J61) sector in Poland and Slovenia, for the (J59_J60) sector in Hungry, and for the (J62_J63) sector in Lithuania.

Keywords

Vertical Specialisation, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Input-Output Analysis, Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEs), Global Production Network.

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