Research Article
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The Impact of Economic and Social Factors on Violent Crimes: Panel ARDL Approach

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 13 - 21, 01.05.2025

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between violent crimes, economic growth, and healthcare services at the provincial level in Turkey between 2006 and 2020. Using the Panel ARDL method, the analysis evaluates the effects of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the number of physicians on violent crime rates. The findings indicate that an increase in GDP reduces crime rates, likely due to improved economic prosperity, expanded employment opportunities, and better living conditions. Similarly, the results show that a higher number of physicians also decreases violent crimes. This suggests that greater access to healthcare services, including mental health support and rehabilitation opportunities, may help reduce individuals' tendency to commit crimes. The study's findings highlight the critical role of economic and healthcare improvements in shaping policies aimed at reducing crime rates.

References

  • Armstead, T. L., Wilkins, N., & Nation, M. (2021). Structural and social determinants of inequities in violence risk: A review of indicators. Journal of community psychology, 49(4), 878-906.
  • Becker, G. S. (1996). The economic way of looking at behavior: The Nobel lecture (No. 69). Hoover Press. Berg, M. T., & Huebner, B. M. (2011). Reentry and the ties that bind: An examination of social ties, employment, and recidivism. Justice quarterly, 28(2), 382-410.
  • Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (2010). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach (1979). In Classics in environmental criminology (pp. 203-232). Routledge.
  • Dolan, P., Loomes, G., Peasgood, T., & Tsuchiya, A. (2005). Estimating the intangible victim costs of violent crime. British Journal of Criminology, 45(6), 958-976.
  • Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D., & Loayza, N. (2002). Inequality and violent crime. The journal of Law and Economics, 45(1), 1-39.
  • Gale, L. R., Heath, W. C., & Ressler, R. W. (2002). An economic analysis of hate crime. Eastern Economic Journal, 28(2), 203-216.
  • Heilbrun, A. B. (1979). Psychopathy and violent crime. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 509-516.
  • Henry, B., & Moffitt, T. E. (1997). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of juvenile delinquency and adult criminal behavior. In D. M. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior (pp. 280–288). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hsieh, C. C., & Pugh, M. D. (1993). Poverty, income inequality, and violent crime: a meta-analysis of recent aggregate data studies. Criminal justice review, 18(2), 182-202.
  • Johnson, B. T., Sisti, A., Bernstein, M., Chen, K., Hennessy, E. A., Acabchuk, R. L., & Matos, M. (2021). Community-level factors and incidence of gun violence in the United States, 2014–2017. Social Science & Medicine, 280, 113969.
  • Karaş, E. (2020). Wagner Kanunu’nun BRICS Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Bazında Geçerliliğinin Sınanması. Maliye Dergisi, Ocak-Haziran, 178, 199-223.
  • Light, M. T., & Miller, T. (2018). Does undocumented immigration increase violent crime?. Criminology, 56(2), 370-401.
  • Mughal, N., Zafar, S. Z., Rawoof, H. A., Maria, S. C., Zhilin, Q., Magdalena, R., & Shabbir, M. S. (2024). The dynamic effects of socioeconomic factors on different crime levels: evidence from South Asian countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(3), 12177-12190.
  • Paul, F. H., Saeed, A. F., & Khattak, S. W. (2025). Socio-Economic Determinants Of Crime In Malaysia. Journal of Management & Social Science, 2(1).
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2021). General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels. Empirical economics, 60(1), 13-50.
  • Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. American journal of sociology, 94(4), 774-802.
  • Sikder, M., Wang, C., Yao, X., Huai, X., Wu, L., KwameYeboah, F., ... & Dou, X. (2022). The integrated impact of GDP growth, industrialization, energy use, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in developing countries: evidence from the panel ARDL approach. Science of the Total Environment, 837, 155795.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024). Suç oranları istatistikleri, 2024. TÜİK Resmi Web Sitesi. https://data.tuik.gov.tr
  • Xie, M., & Baumer, E. P. (2019). Neighborhood immigrant concentration and violent crime reporting to the police: A multilevel analysis of data from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology, 57(2), 237-267.

Ekonomik ve Sosyal Faktörlerin Şiddet Suçları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel ARDL Yaklaşımı

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 13 - 21, 01.05.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2006-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de il bazında şiddet içeren suçlar ile ekonomik büyüme ve sağlık hizmetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Panel ARDL yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analizde, kişi başına düşen gayrisafi yurt içi hasıla (GSYİH) ve hekim sayısının şiddet içeren suç oranları üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, GSYİH artışının suç oranlarını azalttığını, bunun muhtemel nedenleri arasında ekonomik refahın yükselmesi, istihdam olanaklarının genişlemesi ve bireylerin daha iyi yaşam koşullarına erişebilmesi olduğunu göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde, hekim sayısındaki artışın da şiddet içeren suçları azalttığı bulunmuştur. Bu durum, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin artmasıyla bireylerin ruh sağlığı desteği ve rehabilitasyon imkanlarından daha fazla yararlanarak suç işleme eğilimlerinin düşebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, suç oranlarını azaltmaya yönelik politika tasarımlarında ekonomik ve sağlık alanındaki iyileştirmelerin önemli rol oynayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Armstead, T. L., Wilkins, N., & Nation, M. (2021). Structural and social determinants of inequities in violence risk: A review of indicators. Journal of community psychology, 49(4), 878-906.
  • Becker, G. S. (1996). The economic way of looking at behavior: The Nobel lecture (No. 69). Hoover Press. Berg, M. T., & Huebner, B. M. (2011). Reentry and the ties that bind: An examination of social ties, employment, and recidivism. Justice quarterly, 28(2), 382-410.
  • Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (2010). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach (1979). In Classics in environmental criminology (pp. 203-232). Routledge.
  • Dolan, P., Loomes, G., Peasgood, T., & Tsuchiya, A. (2005). Estimating the intangible victim costs of violent crime. British Journal of Criminology, 45(6), 958-976.
  • Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D., & Loayza, N. (2002). Inequality and violent crime. The journal of Law and Economics, 45(1), 1-39.
  • Gale, L. R., Heath, W. C., & Ressler, R. W. (2002). An economic analysis of hate crime. Eastern Economic Journal, 28(2), 203-216.
  • Heilbrun, A. B. (1979). Psychopathy and violent crime. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 509-516.
  • Henry, B., & Moffitt, T. E. (1997). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of juvenile delinquency and adult criminal behavior. In D. M. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior (pp. 280–288). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hsieh, C. C., & Pugh, M. D. (1993). Poverty, income inequality, and violent crime: a meta-analysis of recent aggregate data studies. Criminal justice review, 18(2), 182-202.
  • Johnson, B. T., Sisti, A., Bernstein, M., Chen, K., Hennessy, E. A., Acabchuk, R. L., & Matos, M. (2021). Community-level factors and incidence of gun violence in the United States, 2014–2017. Social Science & Medicine, 280, 113969.
  • Karaş, E. (2020). Wagner Kanunu’nun BRICS Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Bazında Geçerliliğinin Sınanması. Maliye Dergisi, Ocak-Haziran, 178, 199-223.
  • Light, M. T., & Miller, T. (2018). Does undocumented immigration increase violent crime?. Criminology, 56(2), 370-401.
  • Mughal, N., Zafar, S. Z., Rawoof, H. A., Maria, S. C., Zhilin, Q., Magdalena, R., & Shabbir, M. S. (2024). The dynamic effects of socioeconomic factors on different crime levels: evidence from South Asian countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(3), 12177-12190.
  • Paul, F. H., Saeed, A. F., & Khattak, S. W. (2025). Socio-Economic Determinants Of Crime In Malaysia. Journal of Management & Social Science, 2(1).
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2021). General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels. Empirical economics, 60(1), 13-50.
  • Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. American journal of sociology, 94(4), 774-802.
  • Sikder, M., Wang, C., Yao, X., Huai, X., Wu, L., KwameYeboah, F., ... & Dou, X. (2022). The integrated impact of GDP growth, industrialization, energy use, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in developing countries: evidence from the panel ARDL approach. Science of the Total Environment, 837, 155795.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024). Suç oranları istatistikleri, 2024. TÜİK Resmi Web Sitesi. https://data.tuik.gov.tr
  • Xie, M., & Baumer, E. P. (2019). Neighborhood immigrant concentration and violent crime reporting to the police: A multilevel analysis of data from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology, 57(2), 237-267.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Microeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ufuk Işik 0000-0002-2097-1627

Early Pub Date April 29, 2025
Publication Date May 1, 2025
Submission Date March 26, 2025
Acceptance Date April 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Işik, U. (2025). Ekonomik ve Sosyal Faktörlerin Şiddet Suçları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel ARDL Yaklaşımı. İşletme Ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 13-21.

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