Determination of some fuel properties of binary biodiesel and binary biodiesel – diesel blend fuels obtained from camelina oil and waste frying oils

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 27.03.2024

Seda Şahin Rümeysa Ersoy Hakan Okyay Mengeş

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1374662

Abstract

In today's studies on liquid biofuels, it is observed that many of them focus on blends of single biodiesel with diesel. These studies have shown that biodiesel produced from different feedstocks exhibits similar properties to traditional diesel fuel in terms of fuel characteristics and engine performance, indicating the potential of biodiesel to replace diesel fuel. However, recent research has shown limited studies involving the blending of dual biodiesel with traditional diesel fuel.
In this study, high oil content camelina plant, which has an important place in ensuring sustainability in human food production, in other words, it is not suitable for human food and has the potential to significantly increase our domestic biofuel production, and domestic waste frying oil, which significantly reduces the cost of biodiesel raw material production, were selected as biodiesel feedstock. Binary biodiesel fuels (D0C50WF50, D0C75WF25, and D0C25WF75) were obtained by mixing the biodiesel fuels produced from camelina and domestic waste frying oil by transesterification method in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 by volume. Binary biodiesel-diesel blend fuels were obtained by blending binary biodiesel fuels (D75C12.5WF12.5, D50C25WF25 and D25C37.5WF37.5) with conventional diesel fuel (diesel) after blending at 1:1 ratio by volume. As a result of the research, the physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water content, calorific value, cold filter plugging point, cloud and pour point, copper strip corrosion) of the prepared binary biodiesel and binary biodiesel+diesel blend fuels were determined. The results of the analyses of the blend fuels were determined in accordance with the relevant biodiesel standards (EN 14214, ASTM D-6751) and the results were also compared with the reference fuel, diesel fuel.

Keywords

waste frying oil, camelina oil, dual biodiesel, fuel properties

References

• T. Eryilmaz, S. Şahin, M. Ertuğrul, and S. A. Çelik, "Investigation of Physicochemical Properties of Camelina [Camelina Sativa (L.) Crantz] Oil Biodiesel and Mixture Fuels," Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 287-300, 2022.
• Şahin, S., " Determination of The Effects on Fuel Properties, Engine Performance, and Emission Values of Some Additives Added to Diesel and Safflower Biodiesel Mixtures PhD Thesis, Selcuk University, Institute of Sciences, Konya, Türkiye, 2021.
• Kıvrak, A. N., " Investigation of the Effects of Diesel-Biodiesel-Butanol and Diesel-Butanol Mixture on Engine Performance ". Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Institute of Graduate Programs, MsThesis, 2023.
• Kumar, R., & Singh, M., "Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of DI CI engine with dual biodiesel blends of Mexicana Argemone and Mahua", Materials Today: Proceedings, 16, 321-328, 2019.
• Obour, A.K., Sintim, H.Y., Obeng, E. and Jeliazkov, D.V., "Oilseed camelina (Camelina sativa L Crantz): Production systems, prospects and challenges in the USA Great Plains", Adv. Plants Agric. Res, 2(2), p.00043, 2015.
• Moser, Bryan R., "Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) oil as a biofuels feedstock: Golden opportunity or false hope?", Lipid technology 22, no. 12, 270-273, 2010.
• Bilgili, M. E., Sevilmiş, U., Seydoşoğlu, S., Kahraman, Ş., & Sevilmiş, D. " Production method product properties and utilisation of camelina biodisel". Ziraat Mühendisliği (367), 36-53, 2019.
• Örs, İ., Ciniviz, M., & Sayin, B., " Comparison of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel with Cotton Oil and Safflower Oil Biodiesels", Erciyes University, Journal of Institue of Science and Technology Volume 37, Issue 3, 2021.
• Kazanç, A., "Obtaining Biodiesel from Waste Oil and Fusel Oil". Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Advanced Technologies, MsThesis, Karaman, 2022.
• Erol, K. "The Effects of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oils on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions" Afyon Kocatepe University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Machine Engineering, MsThesis, 2019.
• Altarazi, Yazan SM, et al. "A review of engine performance and emissions using single and dual biodiesel fuels: Research paths, challenges, motivations and recommendations." Fuel 326, 125072, 2022.
• Dugala, N. S., Goindi, G. S., & Sharma, A.. Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics of Mahua (Madhuca indica) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) dual biodiesel blends with diesel. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 33(6), 424-436, 2021.
• Saravanan, A., Murugan, M., Reddy, M. S., & Parida, S., "Performance and emission characteristics of variable compression ratio CI engine fueled with dual biodiesel blends of Rapeseed and Mahua", Fuel, 263, 116751, 2020.
• Nalgundwar, A., Paul, B., & Sharma, S. K., "Comparison of performance and emissions characteristics of DI CI engine fueled with dual biodiesel blends of palm and jatropha”, Fuel, 173, 172-179, 2016.
• Eryılmaz, T., Cesur, C., Yesilyurt, M. K., & Aydın, E. "Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), Remzibey-05 Seed Oil Methyl Ester: Fuel Properties for Potential Diesel Engine Application", Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 1(1), 85-90, 2014.
• Balcı, A. B. "I Biyoetanol ile menengiç biyodizelinin motorinle karışımlarının dizel motorda performans, egzoz emisyonları ve yağlama yağına etkilerinin incelenmesi,Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Konya, 2017.
• Öğüt, H., Akınerdem, F., Pehlivan, E., Aydın, M. E., & Oğuz, H., " Investigation of biodiesel production processes from some oil plants in Turkey and its use in diesel engines with agricultural, environmental, food, chemical and technological dimensions" : DPT Project No:2004/7 Bioenergy 2004 Symposium, Izmir, 2004.
• Sirviö, K., Heikkilä, R., Niemi, S., & Hiltunen, E., "Properties of local produced animal-fat based biodiesel and its blend with fossil fuel", Agronomy Research, Vol. 16, Special Issue 1., 2018.
• Yang, J., Caldwell, C., Corscadden, K., He, Q. S., & Li, J., "An evaluation of biodiesel production from Camelina sativa grown in Nova Scotia", Industrial Crops and Products, 81, 162-168, 2016.
• Aydoğan, B., “Investigation of NOx Emissions in Diesel Engines Fuelled with Biodiesel and NOx Reduction Methods”, Pamukkale University, M. Sc. Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Denizli. 2008.
• Yıldız, M. " Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oils ", Namık Kemal University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Main Science Division of Environmental Engineering, MSc. Thesis, 2008.
• Şener, R., "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blend used in a CI Engine". International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 33(2), 299-307, 2021.
• Chhetri, Arjun B., K. Chris Watts, and M. Rafiqul Islam. "Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production." Energies 1, no. 1: 3-18, 2008.
• Singh, N., Agarwal, P., & Porwal, S. K., "Natural antioxidant extracted waste cooking oil as sustainable biolubricant formulation in tribological and rheological applications". Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(7), 3127-3137, 2022.
• Maliyekkal, M. N., & Shaija, A., "Feasibility of Coconut Testa oil and Coconut Waste Cooking oil as Potential Biodiesel Feedstocks", Preprint (Version 1) available at Research Square, 2021.
• Sirviö, K., Niemi, S., Heikkilä, S., Kiijärvi, J., Hissa, M., & Hiltunen, E., "Feasibility of new liquid fuel blends for medium-speed engines", Energies, 12(14), 2799, 2019.
• Monirul, I., Masjuki, H., Kalam, M., Zulkifli, N., Rashedul, H., Rashed, M., . Mosarof, M., "A comprehensive review on biodiesel cold flow properties and oxidation stability along with their improvement processes" RSC advances, 5(105), 86631-86655, 2015.
• Leng, L., Li, W., Li, H., Jiang, S., & Zhou, W., "Cold flow properties of biodiesel and the improvement methods: A review", Energy & Fuels, 34(9), 10364-10383, 2020.
• Jeong, G.-T., Park, J.-H., Park, S.-H., & Park, D.-H., "Estimating and improving cold filter plugging points by blending biodiesels with different fatty acid contents", Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 13, 505-510, 2008.
• Yüce, İ. Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel in Turkey, in Germany and its Utilization in Vehicles, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Sciences, PhD diss., 2008.
• Kumar, S., Yadav, J., Sharma, V., Lim, W., Cho, J. H., Kim, J., & Moon, I., "Physicochemical properties of jatropha curcas biodiesel+ diesel fuel No. 2 binary mixture at T=(288.15 to 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure", Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 56(3), 497-501, 2011.
• Georgogianni, K., Kontominas, M., Tegou, E., Avlonitis, D., & Gergis, V. "Biodiesel production: reaction and process parameters of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of waste frying oils". Energy & Fuels, 21(5), 3023-3027, 2007.
• Fregolente, P., Wolf Maciel, W. M., & Oliveira, L. "Removal of water content from biodiesel and diesel fuel using hydrogel adsorbents", Brazilian Journal of chemical engineering, 32, 895-901, 2015.