Research Article
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Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 12 - 22, 27.03.2024

Ali Can Yılmaz Ozlem Erdem

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1376297

Abstract

This experimental study aims to investigate the effects of copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (~50 nm, 99.9% trace metal basis) incorporation in polyalkylene glycol (PAG) lubricant of a compressor included in air-conditioning (AC) system of a light duty passenger car. Observations on fuel consumption in real-world driving tests while the AC system is fully running were conducted. In order to determine the impacts of CuO nanoparticle incorporation in PAG oil, friction (pin-on-disc tribotester) and wear tests were carried out along with surface visualization analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the disc samples laser-cut from the spare AC compressor vanes. Morphology and thermal stability of the CuO nanoparticles were also investigated via SEM and thermal gravimetric (TG) analyses, respectively. Wear rate (WR), average coefficient of friction (µa) and surface roughness analyses on the specimen surfaces were conducted to procure a comprehensive knowledge about the tribological improvement of CuO nanoparticles. All analyses were repeated on the identical metal samples in PAG lubricant bath (PL) and CuO nanolubricant (NL) separately under the same conditions and average of the test results were taken into account to minimize error. The results demonstrate that reductions of 15.5% in average coefficient of friction, 33% in wear rate and 9% in average surface roughness were achieved resulting in a decrease of 7.7% in fuel consumption at designated driving conditions.

Keywords

CuO nanoparticles AC rotary compressor nanolubricant fuel consumption

Supporting Institution

This study was fiscally supported by Cukurova University, Scientific Research Projects (Grant number: FBA-2021-14009).

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Cukurova University, Central Research Laboratory for their technical help in conducting this study.

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Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 12 - 22, 27.03.2024

Ali Can Yılmaz Ozlem Erdem

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1376297

Abstract

References

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  • Y. Huang, N. C. Surawski, B. Organ, J. L. Zhou, O. H. H. Tang, and E. F. C. Chan, “Science of the total environment fuel consumption and emissions performance under real driving : Comparison between hybrid and conventional vehicles,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 659, pp. 275–282, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.349.
  • M. Zhou, H. Jin, and W. Wang, “A review of vehicle fuel consumption models to evaluate eco-driving and eco-routing,” Transp. Res. Part D, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 203–218, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2016.09.008.
  • T. Tang, X. Luo, and K. Liu, “Impacts of the driver’s bounded rationality on the traffic running cost under the car-following model,” Physica A, vol. 457, pp. 316–321, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.03.113.
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  • M. Bentrcia, M. Alshitawi, and H. Omar, “Developments of alternative systems for automotive air conditioning-A review,” J. Mech. Sci. Tech. vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1857–1867, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s12206-018-0342-2.
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  • A. Subiantoro, K. T. Ooi, and U. Stimming, “Energy saving measures for automotive air conditioning (AC) system in the tropics,” 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014.
  • A. Elagouz, M. K. Ahmed, W. H. Azmi, and M. Z. Sharif, “Composite nanolubricants in automotive air conditioning system : An investigation on its performance composite nanolubricants in automotive air conditioning system,” Mat. Sci Tech., vol. 469, 2019. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/469/1/012078.
  • N. N. M. Zawawi, W. H. Azmi, and M. F. Ghazali, “Tribological performance of Al2O3–SiO2/PAG composite nanolubricants for application in air-conditioning compressor,” Wear, vol. 492–493, pp. 204238, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2022.204238.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Automotive Engineering Materials, Automotive Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Article
Authors

Ali Can Yılmaz 0000-0001-9832-9880

Ozlem Erdem 0000-0002-0976-2162

Publication Date March 27, 2024
Submission Date October 15, 2023
Acceptance Date January 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, A. C., & Erdem, O. (2024). Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 13(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1376297
AMA Yılmaz AC, Erdem O. Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. March 2024;13(1):12-22. doi:10.18245/ijaet.1376297
Chicago Yılmaz, Ali Can, and Ozlem Erdem. “Reducing Fuel Consumption of a Light-Duty Vehicle by Incorporating CuO Nanoparticles in Compressor Lubricant of Air-Conditioning System”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 13, no. 1 (March 2024): 12-22. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1376297.
EndNote Yılmaz AC, Erdem O (March 1, 2024) Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 13 1 12–22.
IEEE A. C. Yılmaz and O. Erdem, “Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 12–22, 2024, doi: 10.18245/ijaet.1376297.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Ali Can - Erdem, Ozlem. “Reducing Fuel Consumption of a Light-Duty Vehicle by Incorporating CuO Nanoparticles in Compressor Lubricant of Air-Conditioning System”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 13/1 (March 2024), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1376297.
JAMA Yılmaz AC, Erdem O. Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2024;13:12–22.
MLA Yılmaz, Ali Can and Ozlem Erdem. “Reducing Fuel Consumption of a Light-Duty Vehicle by Incorporating CuO Nanoparticles in Compressor Lubricant of Air-Conditioning System”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024, pp. 12-22, doi:10.18245/ijaet.1376297.
Vancouver Yılmaz AC, Erdem O. Reducing fuel consumption of a light-duty vehicle by incorporating CuO nanoparticles in compressor lubricant of air-conditioning system. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2024;13(1):12-2.
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