Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 16 - 31, 31.07.2019

Abstract

References

  • Bouagnimbeck, H. (2013). Latest developments in organic farming in Africa. In: Willer, H., Lernoud, J. & Kilcher, l. (eds) (2013), The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends 2013, pp.164-168. FiBL & IFOAM.
  • Cantrell, R.P. & Hettel, G.P. (2004). The doubly green revolution in rice. In Presentation at the world food prize symposium: rice, biofortification, and enhanced nutrition, Des Moines, Iowa (14-15).
  • Chongtham, I.R., de Neergaard, A. & Pillot, D. (2010). Assessment of the strategies of organic fruit production and fruit drying in Uganda: Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS). Vol. 111(1), 23-34.
  • Chowdhury, M.K. (2016). Agricultural strategy in India: Green revolution (a historical perspective): International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Management Studies. 2(5), 67-79.
  • Collier, P. & Dercon, D. (2014). African agriculture in 50 years: Smallholders in a rapidly changing world? Expert Meeting on How to Feed the World in 2050. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Economic and Social Development Department, University of Oxford.
  • Conway, G.R. & Barbier, E.B. (2013). After the green revolution: sustainable agriculture for development. Routledge.
  • Crinnion, W.J. (2010). Organic foods contain higher levels of certain nutrients, lower levels of pesticides, and may provide health benefits for the consumer: Alternative Medicine Review. 15(1), 4-12.
  • Crowder, D. W., Northfield, T. D., Strand, M. R. & Snyder, W.E. (2010). Organic agriculture promotes evenness and natural pest control. Nature, 466(7302), 109- 112.
  • Curl, C.L., Fenske, R.A. & Elgethun, K. (2003). Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets: Environmental Health Perspectives. 111, 377-382.
  • de Ponti, T., Rijk, B. & van Ittersum, M.K. (2012). The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agriculture Systems 108, 1-9.
  • Dimitri, C. (2012). Organic farming for health and prosperity. New York University: Organic Farming Research Foundation.
  • Evenson, R.E. & Gollin, D. (2003). Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science, 300(5620), 758-762.
  • Frankema, E. (2014). Africa and the Green Revolution A Global Historical Perspective: NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 70, 17-24.
  • Gollin, D., Hansen, C.W. & Wingender, A. (2016). Two blades of grass: The impact of green revolution. University of Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economics.
  • Halberg, N. & Muller, A. (2012). Organic agriculture for sustainable livelihoods. Routledge.
  • Ibrahim, Y.A. (2016). Health and environmental impacts of pesticides: A responsibility principle and two novel systems for hazard classification and external cost determination. Journal of Toxicology and Health, 3(1), 1-11.
  • International Food Policy Research Institute (2002). Green revolution: Curse or blessing? Washington DC: Future Harvest Center.
  • Lu, C., Toepel, K., Irish, R., Fenske, R.A., Barr, D.B. & Bravo, R. (2006). Organic diets significantly lower children’s dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides: Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, 260-263.
  • Lutz, C.G. (2003). Polyculture: principles, practices, problems and promise: Aquaculture Magazine, 29(2), 34-39.
  • Maiangwa, M. G. (2010). Importance, problems, and reform of agricultural research in Africa: Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences. 8(2), 56-65.
  • Matt, D., Rembialkowska, E., Luik, A., Peetsmann, E. & Pehme, S. (2011). Quality of organic vs. conventional food and effects on health. Estonian: Estonian University of Life Science.
  • Misner, S. & Florian T.A. (2013). Organically grown foods versus nonorganically grown foods. Arizona: College of Agriculture and Life Science.
  • Morris, M., Kelly, V. A., Kopicki, R. J., & Byerlee, D. (2007). Fertilizer Use in African agriculture: lessons learned and good practice guidelines. The World Bank: Washington DC.
  • Mosley, P. (2003). A painful ascent: The green revolution in Africa. London: Routledge.
  • Mulvaney, R.L., Khan, S.A. & Ellsworth, T.R. (2009). Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production: Journal of Environmental Quality, 38, 2295-2314.
  • Quinn, L., de Vos, J., Fernandes-Whaley, M., Roos, C., Bouwman, H., Kylin, H., Pieters, R. & van den Berg, J. (2011). Pesticide use in South Africa: one of the largest importers of pesticides in Africa. Indicators. https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/pesticide_usein_sa. Accessed 26 February 2018.
  • Rother, H.A., Hall, R. & London, L. (2008). Pesticide use among emerging farmers in South Africa: contributing factors and stakeholder perspectives: Development Southern Africa, 25(4), 399-424.
  • Shiva, V. (2016). The violence of the green revolution: Third world agriculture, ecology, and politics. University Press of Kentucky.
  • Ssekyewa, C., George, F. & Muller, A. (2012). 11 Research needs for development of organic agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Organic Agriculture for Sustainable Livelihoods, p.247.
  • Suthar, S. (2008). Microbial and decomposition efficiencies of monoculture and polyculture vermireactors, based on epigeic and anecic earthworms: World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(8), 1471-1479.
  • Ton, P. (2013). Productivity and profitability of organic farming systems in East Africa. indicators.http://www.ifoam.bio/sites/default/files/page/files/osea_ii_oa_prod_pro f_report_final. Accessed 23 February 2018.
  • World Health Organization (2005). Modern food biotechnology, human health and development: An evidence-based study. Switzerland: Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases.
  • World Health Organisation (2010). World malaria report: 2010. World Health Organization: Geneva.

THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 16 - 31, 31.07.2019

Abstract

Introduction: The paper provides the discourse of public health in consideration of illnesses, high mortality rate and deterioration of life expectancy in Africa. Thus, the paper is driven by the pre and current food production systems as well as the status of food and public health; looking at the juxtaposition on the effects of the green revolution and organic food production systems. Aim: The aim of this paper is to conceptualise the effects of the green revolution and organic farming respectively looking at the issues of public health disparities in Africa. Notwithstanding other challenges, the paper focuses on one of the challenges that developing countries are fronted with which is public health. Methodology: This paper assembled data in respect of the green revolution and organic farming on the basis of their impact on public health in Africa. Thus, the opinions of scholars are included to substantiate the argument and premise of the paper. The paper framework and methods solely depended on literature based analysis approach (reviewed of secondary sources). Results: The study revealed there is public health issues due to the kind of food consumption in developing countries. The paper upholds the notion that too much consumption of non-nutrients food produced cause illnesses on the human body, predominantly in developing countries. Literature revealed relevant data that aid in drawing the analyses; that is the genetically modified seeds that degrade arable land, health issues and deterioration of life expectancy. Conclusion: The system of public health in the developing countries is affected due to the kind of food consumed. As a result, the public health issues continue to be unabated. There is a need of resources for health purposes, including not only medical care but also health-promoting living on consumption of food.

References

  • Bouagnimbeck, H. (2013). Latest developments in organic farming in Africa. In: Willer, H., Lernoud, J. & Kilcher, l. (eds) (2013), The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends 2013, pp.164-168. FiBL & IFOAM.
  • Cantrell, R.P. & Hettel, G.P. (2004). The doubly green revolution in rice. In Presentation at the world food prize symposium: rice, biofortification, and enhanced nutrition, Des Moines, Iowa (14-15).
  • Chongtham, I.R., de Neergaard, A. & Pillot, D. (2010). Assessment of the strategies of organic fruit production and fruit drying in Uganda: Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS). Vol. 111(1), 23-34.
  • Chowdhury, M.K. (2016). Agricultural strategy in India: Green revolution (a historical perspective): International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Management Studies. 2(5), 67-79.
  • Collier, P. & Dercon, D. (2014). African agriculture in 50 years: Smallholders in a rapidly changing world? Expert Meeting on How to Feed the World in 2050. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Economic and Social Development Department, University of Oxford.
  • Conway, G.R. & Barbier, E.B. (2013). After the green revolution: sustainable agriculture for development. Routledge.
  • Crinnion, W.J. (2010). Organic foods contain higher levels of certain nutrients, lower levels of pesticides, and may provide health benefits for the consumer: Alternative Medicine Review. 15(1), 4-12.
  • Crowder, D. W., Northfield, T. D., Strand, M. R. & Snyder, W.E. (2010). Organic agriculture promotes evenness and natural pest control. Nature, 466(7302), 109- 112.
  • Curl, C.L., Fenske, R.A. & Elgethun, K. (2003). Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets: Environmental Health Perspectives. 111, 377-382.
  • de Ponti, T., Rijk, B. & van Ittersum, M.K. (2012). The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agriculture Systems 108, 1-9.
  • Dimitri, C. (2012). Organic farming for health and prosperity. New York University: Organic Farming Research Foundation.
  • Evenson, R.E. & Gollin, D. (2003). Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science, 300(5620), 758-762.
  • Frankema, E. (2014). Africa and the Green Revolution A Global Historical Perspective: NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 70, 17-24.
  • Gollin, D., Hansen, C.W. & Wingender, A. (2016). Two blades of grass: The impact of green revolution. University of Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economics.
  • Halberg, N. & Muller, A. (2012). Organic agriculture for sustainable livelihoods. Routledge.
  • Ibrahim, Y.A. (2016). Health and environmental impacts of pesticides: A responsibility principle and two novel systems for hazard classification and external cost determination. Journal of Toxicology and Health, 3(1), 1-11.
  • International Food Policy Research Institute (2002). Green revolution: Curse or blessing? Washington DC: Future Harvest Center.
  • Lu, C., Toepel, K., Irish, R., Fenske, R.A., Barr, D.B. & Bravo, R. (2006). Organic diets significantly lower children’s dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides: Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, 260-263.
  • Lutz, C.G. (2003). Polyculture: principles, practices, problems and promise: Aquaculture Magazine, 29(2), 34-39.
  • Maiangwa, M. G. (2010). Importance, problems, and reform of agricultural research in Africa: Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences. 8(2), 56-65.
  • Matt, D., Rembialkowska, E., Luik, A., Peetsmann, E. & Pehme, S. (2011). Quality of organic vs. conventional food and effects on health. Estonian: Estonian University of Life Science.
  • Misner, S. & Florian T.A. (2013). Organically grown foods versus nonorganically grown foods. Arizona: College of Agriculture and Life Science.
  • Morris, M., Kelly, V. A., Kopicki, R. J., & Byerlee, D. (2007). Fertilizer Use in African agriculture: lessons learned and good practice guidelines. The World Bank: Washington DC.
  • Mosley, P. (2003). A painful ascent: The green revolution in Africa. London: Routledge.
  • Mulvaney, R.L., Khan, S.A. & Ellsworth, T.R. (2009). Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production: Journal of Environmental Quality, 38, 2295-2314.
  • Quinn, L., de Vos, J., Fernandes-Whaley, M., Roos, C., Bouwman, H., Kylin, H., Pieters, R. & van den Berg, J. (2011). Pesticide use in South Africa: one of the largest importers of pesticides in Africa. Indicators. https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/pesticide_usein_sa. Accessed 26 February 2018.
  • Rother, H.A., Hall, R. & London, L. (2008). Pesticide use among emerging farmers in South Africa: contributing factors and stakeholder perspectives: Development Southern Africa, 25(4), 399-424.
  • Shiva, V. (2016). The violence of the green revolution: Third world agriculture, ecology, and politics. University Press of Kentucky.
  • Ssekyewa, C., George, F. & Muller, A. (2012). 11 Research needs for development of organic agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Organic Agriculture for Sustainable Livelihoods, p.247.
  • Suthar, S. (2008). Microbial and decomposition efficiencies of monoculture and polyculture vermireactors, based on epigeic and anecic earthworms: World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24(8), 1471-1479.
  • Ton, P. (2013). Productivity and profitability of organic farming systems in East Africa. indicators.http://www.ifoam.bio/sites/default/files/page/files/osea_ii_oa_prod_pro f_report_final. Accessed 23 February 2018.
  • World Health Organization (2005). Modern food biotechnology, human health and development: An evidence-based study. Switzerland: Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases.
  • World Health Organisation (2010). World malaria report: 2010. World Health Organization: Geneva.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Madumetsa Godfrey Manamela This is me

Katlego Kholofelo Molapo This is me

Publication Date July 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Manamela, M. G., & Molapo, K. K. (2019). THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 11(2), 16-31.
AMA Manamela MG, Molapo KK. THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA. IJBMS. July 2019;11(2):16-31.
Chicago Manamela, Madumetsa Godfrey, and Katlego Kholofelo Molapo. “THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA”. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (July 2019): 16-31.
EndNote Manamela MG, Molapo KK (July 1, 2019) THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 11 2 16–31.
IEEE M. G. Manamela and K. K. Molapo, “THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA”, IJBMS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 16–31, 2019.
ISNAD Manamela, Madumetsa Godfrey - Molapo, Katlego Kholofelo. “THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA”. International Journal of Business and Management Studies 11/2 (July 2019), 16-31.
JAMA Manamela MG, Molapo KK. THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA. IJBMS. 2019;11:16–31.
MLA Manamela, Madumetsa Godfrey and Katlego Kholofelo Molapo. “THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA”. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, 2019, pp. 16-31.
Vancouver Manamela MG, Molapo KK. THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND ORGANIC FARMING CONTEXT: EFFECTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DISPARITIES IN AFRICA. IJBMS. 2019;11(2):16-31.