MENŞE DEVLETİN KİTLESEL MÜLTECİ AKINLARINDAN SORUMLULUĞU VE ESKİ HALE İADE YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ: SURİYE ÖRNEĞİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİLERİN GÖNÜLLÜ GERİ DÖNÜŞÜ

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 469 - 485, 31.12.2023

Ümmühan Elçin Ertuğrul

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1346169

Abstract

İnsan hakları, birey ile devlet arasında bir bağlantı kurar. Mülteci, kendi ülkesinden kaçmak zorunda kalan ve bir başka ülkeye sığınma talebinde bulunan kişidir. Mülteciler, devletlerin, ülkelerinde insan haklarını ihlal etmelerinin bir sonucudur. Devletlerin insan haklarını koruma konusunda, birbiriyle çok yakın bağlantılı ve esasen birbiriyle yarışan iki yükümlülüğü söz konusudur. Bunlardan biri ve diğerine de kaynaklık eden, varsayımsal toplumsal sözleşmeye dayalı ve devlet egemenliğinden kaynaklanan devletlerin vatandaşlarını koruma yükümlülüğüdür. Diğeri ise devletin, uluslararası bağlayıcı olan ve olmayan hukuki hukuki metinlerde düzenlenen, insan haklarını ayrımcılık yapmadan korumasıdır. Devletlerin, bu yarışan yükümlülüklerini ihlallerinden doğan mültecilerin kitlesel akınları, uluslararası haksız fiildir. Bu durum, Devletin Uluslararası Haksız Fiillerden Dolayı Sorumluluğuna İlişkin Taslak Maddeler’e göre, menşe devletin sorumluluğunu doğurur. Çalışma, Suriye örneği üzerinden menşe devletlerin kitlesel mülteci akınlarına sebep olmak yüzünden uluslararası sorumluluğunu inceler ve bu sorumluluğun sonucu olan onarım şekillerinden “eski hale iade” ye odaklanır. Eski hale iade ile mültecilerin menşe ülkelerine “gönüllü geri dönüş” leri arasında bir bağlantı kurar.

Keywords

Menşe Devlet, Mülteci, Devletin Sorumluluğu, Türkiye, Suriye

Project Number

-

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE OF ORIGIN AND RESTITUTION OBLIGATION DUE TO THE MASS INFLUXES OF REFUGEES: THE CASE OF SYRIA AND THE VOLUNTARY RETURN OF SYRIANS IN TÜRKİYE

Abstract

Human rights establish a connection between individuals and the state. A refugee is someone who has had to flee their country of origin and seeks asylum in another country. Refugees are the result of states violating human rights in their countries. States have two closely interconnected and essentially competing obligations to protect human rights. One of them, which is the resource of the other, is the obligation of states to protect their citizens based on the hypothetical social contract that arises from state sovereignty. The other is that the state protects human rights without discrimination, which is regulated in internationally binding and non-binding legal instruments. A mass influx of refugees resulting from states' violations of these competing obligations is an international wrongful act. The aforementioned situation gives rise to the responsibility of the state of origin, according to the Draft Articles on State Responsibility for International Wrongful Acts. The study examines the international responsibility arising from the mass influx of refugees in the states of origin through the example of Syria and focuses on "restitution", one of the forms of reparation that is the result of responsibility. The study establishes a connection between restitution and the “voluntary return” of refugees to their country of origin.

Keywords

State of Origin, Refugee, States Responsibility, Türkiye, Syria

Project Number

-

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