Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Bir Sosyal Hareket Örneği Olarak İran Yeşil Hareketi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 217 - 241, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.1333042

Abstract

1979 yılında toplumsal bir hareket ile kurulan İran İslam Cumhuriyeti, 2009 yılında yine bir toplumsal hareket ile değiştirilmek istendi. Binlerce rejim muhalifi günlerce sokakta yer alarak, mevcut rejimin liberal ve demokratik reformlar yapması gerektiğini, 2009 cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinin yenilenmesini ve İran’ın daha özgürlükçü bir yapıya kavuşması gerektiğini talep etti. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak İran Yeşil Hareketi’ni doğru anlayabilmek için sosyal hareketler literatürü açıklanmaktadır. Sosyal hareketlerin ortaya çıkış sebepleri, gelişimleri ve türleri makalenin ilk kısmında ele alınmaktadır. Makalenin ikinci kısmında ise İran Yeşil Hareketi’nin ortaya çıkışı, yol haritası ve neden başarısız olduğu ilk bölümde anlatılan sosyal hareketler literatürü çerçevesinden ele alınmıştır. Makalede İran Yeşil Hareketi’nin ve başarısızlığının nedenlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması ve sosyal hareketler literatürüne katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Makalenin ilk bölümü sosyal hareketlerin teorik kısmı oluştururken, ikinci kısmı pratik kısmını oluşturmaktadır.

References

  • Abdo, G. (2009, Temmuz 8). Shark Attack. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/07/08/shark-attack
  • Aberle, D. F. (1982). The Peyote religion among the Navaho (2. bs.). University of Chicago.
  • Arıkan-Sinkaya, P. (2011). Ortadoğu'daki halk hareketlerinin İran'a yansımaları. Ortadoğu Analiz, 3(27), 30-37. https://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/ortadogu-daki-halk-hareketlerinin-iran-a-yansimalari/
  • Bayat, A. (1998). Revolution without movement, movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic activism in Iran and Egypt. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40(1), 136–169. http://www.jstor.org/stable/179392
  • Blumer, H. (1995). Social movements. İçinde S. M. Lyman (Ed.), Social movements: Critiques, concepts, case-studies (s. 60-83). New York University. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23747-0_5
  • Cameron, W. B. (1966). Modern social movements: A sociological outline.(1.bs.). Random House.
  • Cavlak, H., & Özbilek, Ü. (2019). Konstrüktivist perspektiften devrim sonrası İran siyasal sistemi. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(16), 129-137. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bsbd/issue/47296/472025
  • Dabashi, H., (2013). Iran, the green movement and the USA: The fox and the paradox (1.bs.). Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social movements: An introduction (2. bs.) Blackwell Publishing.
  • Erinç Bayoğlu, A. H. (2020). Suriye'deki etnik ve mezhepsel yapıların çatışmalardaki rolü [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Çankaya Üniversitesi
  • Esfandiari, G., (2010, Haziran 11). The Myths And Realities of New Media In Iran’s Green Movement. Radio Free Europe. https://www.rferl.org/a/Irans_Green_Movement_And_New_Media/2068714.html
  • Gürakar H. T (2012). Bir toplumsal hareketin anatomisi: İran Yeşil Hareketi. İçinde: B Adıbelli (Ed.), Doğu-Batı Yol Ayrımında İran (s. 1-24). Bilim+Gönül Yayınları.
  • Hannigan, J. A. (1985). Alain Touraine, Manuel Castells and Social Movement Theory a critical appraisal. The Sociological Quarterly, 26(4), 435–454. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4106097
  • Heberle, R. (1995). Social movements and social order. İçinde S. M. Lyman (Ed.), Social movements (s. 49-59). New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23747-0_5
  • Jenkins, J. C. (1983). Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 9, 527–553. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2946077
  • Katzman, K. (2019). The warriors of Islam: Iran's Revolutionary Guard (1.bs.) Routledge.
  • Küpeli, M. Ş. (2016). Dış politika aracı olarak yaptırımlar: İran’a uygulanan yaptırımların etkileri. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 97-135. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tocd/issue/24014/251558
  • Mill, J. S. (1869). The subjection of women (1. bs.). Transaction Publishers.
  • Milani, A. (2010, Ocak 13). The Greening of Islam. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/72369/the-greening-islam
  • Milani, A. (2011, Şubat 25). Iran Green Movement Needs Water. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2011/02/25/134051135/new-republic-iran-green-movement-needs-water
  • Milani, A. (2011, Nisan 29). Is Ahmadinejad Islamic enough for Iran? Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/04/29/is-ahmadinejad-islamic-enough-for-iran-2/
  • Milani, A. (2011, Haziran 16). The Green Movement: Two years later, the Iranian Regime continues to brutalize ıts own people. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/90060/iran-ahmadinejad-green-movement
  • Moqadam, A. (2010). Death to the Dictator!: A young man casts a vote in Iran’s 2009 election and pays a devastating price (1.bs.). Sarah Crichton Books.
  • Moszynski, P. (2009, Aralık 31). Doctor died while assisting inquiry into deaths in Iranian detention centre. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5673
  • Okyar, O. (2015). İran ve Arap Baharı: Çift Taraflı Aynadaki Asimetri mi?. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 12(45), 60-82. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uidergisi/issue/39290/462672
  • Rootes, C. A. (1990). Theory of social Movements: Theory for social movements? Philosophy and Social Action, 16(4), 5-17. https://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Theory-of-Social-Movements.-Theory-for-Social-Movements-by-C.A.-Rootes.pdf
  • Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behaviour (1. bs.). Routledge.
  • Tafesh, A.Q. (2012, Kasım 5). İran’s green movement: Reality and aspirations. Al Jazeera Center for Studies, https://studies.aljazeera.net/en/reports/2012/11/20121159103533337.html
  • Tandoğan, Ş. M. (2021). Yeni Paradigma bağlamında Ortadoğu’daki toplumsal hareketlerin incelenmesi: Mısır ve İran örnekleri. Mülkiye Dergisi, 45(3), 587-616. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2163743
  • Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution (1.bs.). Random House.
  • Tilly, C. (2004). Social movements, 1768- 2004 (1.bs.). Routledge.
  • Wilkinson, P. (1971). Social movement (1.bs.). Pall Mall Press.

The Iranian Green Movement as an Example of a Social Movement

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 217 - 241, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.1333042

Abstract

The Islamic Republic of Iran, which was founded by a social movement in 1979, was tried to be replaced by another social movement in 2009. Thousands of regime opponents took to the streets for days, demanding that the current regime should make liberal and democratic reforms, the 2009 presidential elections should be renewed, and Iran should achieve a more liberal structure. In this study, first, social movement literature is explained to understand the Iranian Green Movement correctly. The reasons for the emergence, development and types of social movements are discussed in the first part of the article. In the second part of the article, the emergence of the Iranian Green Movement, its road map and the reasons for its failure are discussed within the framework of the social movement literature that is explained in the first part. The paper aims to explain the Iranian Green Movement and the reasons behind its failures and contribute to the social movement literature. While the first part of the article constitutes the theoretical part of the social movement, the second part constitutes the practical part.

References

  • Abdo, G. (2009, Temmuz 8). Shark Attack. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/07/08/shark-attack
  • Aberle, D. F. (1982). The Peyote religion among the Navaho (2. bs.). University of Chicago.
  • Arıkan-Sinkaya, P. (2011). Ortadoğu'daki halk hareketlerinin İran'a yansımaları. Ortadoğu Analiz, 3(27), 30-37. https://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/ortadogu-daki-halk-hareketlerinin-iran-a-yansimalari/
  • Bayat, A. (1998). Revolution without movement, movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic activism in Iran and Egypt. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40(1), 136–169. http://www.jstor.org/stable/179392
  • Blumer, H. (1995). Social movements. İçinde S. M. Lyman (Ed.), Social movements: Critiques, concepts, case-studies (s. 60-83). New York University. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23747-0_5
  • Cameron, W. B. (1966). Modern social movements: A sociological outline.(1.bs.). Random House.
  • Cavlak, H., & Özbilek, Ü. (2019). Konstrüktivist perspektiften devrim sonrası İran siyasal sistemi. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(16), 129-137. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bsbd/issue/47296/472025
  • Dabashi, H., (2013). Iran, the green movement and the USA: The fox and the paradox (1.bs.). Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social movements: An introduction (2. bs.) Blackwell Publishing.
  • Erinç Bayoğlu, A. H. (2020). Suriye'deki etnik ve mezhepsel yapıların çatışmalardaki rolü [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Çankaya Üniversitesi
  • Esfandiari, G., (2010, Haziran 11). The Myths And Realities of New Media In Iran’s Green Movement. Radio Free Europe. https://www.rferl.org/a/Irans_Green_Movement_And_New_Media/2068714.html
  • Gürakar H. T (2012). Bir toplumsal hareketin anatomisi: İran Yeşil Hareketi. İçinde: B Adıbelli (Ed.), Doğu-Batı Yol Ayrımında İran (s. 1-24). Bilim+Gönül Yayınları.
  • Hannigan, J. A. (1985). Alain Touraine, Manuel Castells and Social Movement Theory a critical appraisal. The Sociological Quarterly, 26(4), 435–454. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4106097
  • Heberle, R. (1995). Social movements and social order. İçinde S. M. Lyman (Ed.), Social movements (s. 49-59). New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23747-0_5
  • Jenkins, J. C. (1983). Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 9, 527–553. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2946077
  • Katzman, K. (2019). The warriors of Islam: Iran's Revolutionary Guard (1.bs.) Routledge.
  • Küpeli, M. Ş. (2016). Dış politika aracı olarak yaptırımlar: İran’a uygulanan yaptırımların etkileri. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 97-135. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tocd/issue/24014/251558
  • Mill, J. S. (1869). The subjection of women (1. bs.). Transaction Publishers.
  • Milani, A. (2010, Ocak 13). The Greening of Islam. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/72369/the-greening-islam
  • Milani, A. (2011, Şubat 25). Iran Green Movement Needs Water. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2011/02/25/134051135/new-republic-iran-green-movement-needs-water
  • Milani, A. (2011, Nisan 29). Is Ahmadinejad Islamic enough for Iran? Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/04/29/is-ahmadinejad-islamic-enough-for-iran-2/
  • Milani, A. (2011, Haziran 16). The Green Movement: Two years later, the Iranian Regime continues to brutalize ıts own people. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/90060/iran-ahmadinejad-green-movement
  • Moqadam, A. (2010). Death to the Dictator!: A young man casts a vote in Iran’s 2009 election and pays a devastating price (1.bs.). Sarah Crichton Books.
  • Moszynski, P. (2009, Aralık 31). Doctor died while assisting inquiry into deaths in Iranian detention centre. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5673
  • Okyar, O. (2015). İran ve Arap Baharı: Çift Taraflı Aynadaki Asimetri mi?. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 12(45), 60-82. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uidergisi/issue/39290/462672
  • Rootes, C. A. (1990). Theory of social Movements: Theory for social movements? Philosophy and Social Action, 16(4), 5-17. https://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Theory-of-Social-Movements.-Theory-for-Social-Movements-by-C.A.-Rootes.pdf
  • Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behaviour (1. bs.). Routledge.
  • Tafesh, A.Q. (2012, Kasım 5). İran’s green movement: Reality and aspirations. Al Jazeera Center for Studies, https://studies.aljazeera.net/en/reports/2012/11/20121159103533337.html
  • Tandoğan, Ş. M. (2021). Yeni Paradigma bağlamında Ortadoğu’daki toplumsal hareketlerin incelenmesi: Mısır ve İran örnekleri. Mülkiye Dergisi, 45(3), 587-616. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2163743
  • Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution (1.bs.). Random House.
  • Tilly, C. (2004). Social movements, 1768- 2004 (1.bs.). Routledge.
  • Wilkinson, P. (1971). Social movement (1.bs.). Pall Mall Press.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Studies, Middle East Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ali Sarıhan 0000-0002-4136-4404

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sarıhan, A. (2023). Bir Sosyal Hareket Örneği Olarak İran Yeşil Hareketi. İran Çalışmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.1333042

29511 Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY NC) International License.
The Journal of Iranian Studies accepts the Open Access Journal Policy for expanding and flourishing of knowledge.