PRE-OXIDATION APPLICATIONS TO HOSPITAL WASTEWATER (O3, O3/H2O2): FATE OF PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (PhACs) AND CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 98 - 108, 25.03.2024

Havva Ateş Mahammad Mansımlı

https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1288924

Abstract

In this study, the occurrence of four psychiatric drugs and nerve stimulants (carbamazepine (CBZ), primidone (PRM), caffeine (CAF) and nicotine (NCT)) and six metabolites belonging to CBZ and CAF (cbz-diol, carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide, 2-hydroxy carbamazepine, 3-hydroxy carbamazepine, trans-3'-hydroxy cotinine and N-formylnornicotine) in hospital wastewater and their fate in ozonation (O3) and peroxon (O3/H2O2) processes were determined. In this context, selected drugs analyzed with HPLC/MS-MS. According to obtained results, while removal efficiency of CBZ reached 99.7% in the only ozonation application even lower ozone dose (0.5 mg O3/mg COD), the same removal efficiency for CAF was obtained in higher ozone dose (1,5 mg O3/mg COD). Although peroxon process provided a relatively positive contribution for CBZ removal (%20), the results were not the same for CAF. Considering the oxygen ratios per mg COD of both processes, it was determined that the ozonation process was a more effective process for the removal of the detected drugs compared to peroxon. Additionally, removal efficiencies of COD were determined as 48% in the ratio of 1,5 mg O3/mg COD with the only ozonation process. In this context, obtained results show that both COD and PhAC loads could decrease in important levels with pre-oxidaiton of hospital wastewater without being included to the treatment process in wastewater treatment plants.

Keywords

Hospital wastewater, Advanced oxidation, O3/H2O2, O3, Pharmaceutical active compounds.

HASTANE ATIKSUYUNA ÖN OKSİDASYON UYGULAMALARI (O3, O3/H2O2): İLAÇ ETKEN MADDELER VE KLASİK KİRLETİCİLERİN AKIBETİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada psikiyatrik ilaç ve sinir uyarıcılardan dört (karbamazepin (CBZ), primidone (PRM), kafein (CAF), nikotin (NCT)) ve CBZ ve CAF’a ait altı metabolitin (karbamazepin-diol, karbamazepin 10,11-epoksid, 2-hidroksi karbamazepin ve 3-hidroksi karbamazepin, trans-3'-hidroksi kotinin ve N-formilnornikotin) hastane atıksularındaki varlığı ve ozonlama (O3) ve perokson (O3/H2O2) prosesleri ile akıbetleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda ilaçların analizi HPLC/MS-MS cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre düşük oranda (0,5 mg O3/mg KOİ) sadece ozon dozunda dahi karbamazepin (CBZ) %99,7 oranlarında giderilirken, CAF için benzer giderim verimlilikleri daha yüksek ozon dozlarında (1,5 mg O3/mg KOİ) elde edilmiştir. Perokson prosesinde ise CBZ giderim verimliliği nispeten artış gösterse de (%20), CAF giderimi için benzer pozitif etki gözlemlenmemiştir. İki prosesin mg KOİ başına oksijen oranları dikkate alındığında ozonlama prosesinin tespit edilen ilaçların gideriminde daha etkili bir proses olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sadece ozonlama uygulaması ile 1,5 mg O3/mg KOİ oranında %48 KOİ giderimi elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, hastane atıksularının ön oksidasyonunun hem KOİ hem ilaç yüklerinin atıksu arıtma tesislerinde arıtma süreçlerine girmeden önemli seviyelerde azaltılabileceği görülmektedir.

Keywords

Hastane Atıksukarı, İleri Oksidasyon, O3/H2O2, O3, İlaç Etken Maddeler.

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