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Endodontide Dental Lazerler ve Uygulama Alanları

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 01.04.2017

Abstract

1971’de Weichman tarafından endodonti alanında ilk lazer uygulanmasının ardından, lazer teknolojisinin hızlı gelişimi ile yeni lazer cihazları ile ilgili çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, endodontide lazer uygulama alanlarıyla ilgili bilgileri güncellemek ve lazer cihazlarının avantaj ve kısıtlamaları hakkında bilgi vermektir

References

  • 1. Myers TD. Lasers in dentistry. J J Am Dent Assoc 1991; 122: 46- 50.
  • 2. Miller M, Truhe T. Lasers in dentistry; an overview. J Am Dent Assoc 1993; 124: 32-5.
  • 3. Anic I, Tachibana H, Maumoto K, Qi P. Permeability, morphologic and temperature changes of canal dentine walls induced by Nd: YAG, CO2 and Argon lasers. Int Endod J 1996; 29: 13-22.
  • 4. American Academy of Periodontology. The American Academy of Periodontology statement regarding gingival curettage. J Periodontol 2002; 73: 1229-30.
  • 5. Judy MM, Matthews JL, Aronoff BL, Hults DF. Soft tissue studies with 805 nm diode laser radiation: thermal effects with contact tips and comparison with effects of 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser radiation. Lasers Surg Med 1993; 13: 528-36.
  • 6. Anic I, Dzubur A, Vidovic D, Tudja M. Temperature and surface changes of dentine and cementum induced by CO2 laser exposure. Int Endod J 1993; 26: 284-93.
  • 7. Zakariasen KL, Dederich DN. Dental Lasers and science. J Can Dent Assoc 1991; 57: 570-3.
  • 8. Gerschman JA, Ruben J, Gerbart-Eaglenont J. Low level laser therapy for dentinat tooth hypersensitivity. Aust Dent J 1994; 39: 353-7.
  • 9. Matsumoto K, Funai H, Shirasuka T, Wakabayashi H. Effects of Nd:YAG-laser in treatment of cervical hypersensitive dentine. Jpn J Conserv Dent 1985; 28: 760-5.
  • 10. Rosenthal MW. Historic review of the management of tooth hypersensitivity. Dent Clin North Am 1990; 34: 403-27.
  • 11. Brännström M, Linden LA, Aström A. The hydrodynamics of dental tubule and pulp fluid. Caries Res 1967; 1: 310-7.
  • 12. Cohen SP, Burns RC. Pathways of the pulp. 8th Edition, Mosby, 2002: 36, 593.
  • 13. Trushkowsky R, Oquendo A. Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Dent Clin North Am 2011; 55: 599-608.
  • 14. Kimura Y, Wilder-Smith P, Yonaga K, Matsumoto K. Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity by lasers: a review. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27: 715-21.
  • 15. Matsumoto K, Kimura Y. Laser Therapy of Dentin Hypersensitivity. J Oral Laser Application 2007; 7: 7-25.
  • 16. Ladalardo TC, Pinheiro A, Campos RA, Brugnera Junior A, Zanin F, Albernaz PL, et al. Laser therapy in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Braz Dent J 2004; 15: 144-50.
  • 17. Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Ebrahim D, Wernisch J, et al. The advantage of CO2- treated dental necks, in comparison with a standard method: Results of an in vivo study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1996; 14: 27-32.
  • 18. Lan WH, Liu HC. Sealing of human dentinal tubules by Nd:YAG laser. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 1995; 13: 329- 33.
  • 19. Grag N, Grag A. Text book of endodontics. 1st Edition, 2007: 421.
  • 20. Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Gatto R, Monaco A. Effectiveness of laser in dentinal hypersensitivity treatment: a systematic review. J Endod 2011; 37: 297-303.
  • 21. Orchardson R, Gillam DR. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137: 990-8; quiz 1028-9.
  • 22. Orchardson R, Gangarosa LP, Holland GR, Pashley DH, Trowbridge HO, Ashley FP, et al. Dentine hypersensitivity into the 21st century. Arch Oral Biol 1994; 39 (Suppl): 113S-9S.
  • 23. Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the pulp. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.
  • 24. Petersson K, Soderstrom C, Kiani-Anaraki M, Levy G. Evaluation of the ability of thermal and electrical tests to register pulp vitality. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 127-31.
  • 25. Radhakrishnan S, Munshi AK, Hegde AM. Pulse oximetry: a diagnostic instrument in pulpal vitality testing. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002; 26: 141-5.
  • 26. Noblett WC, Wilcox LR, Scamman F, Johnson WT, Diaz-Arnold A. Detection of pulpal circulation in vitro by pulse oximetry. J Endod 1996; 22: 1-5.
  • 27. Klein H. Pulp responses to an electric pulp stimulator in the developing permanent anterior dentition. ASDC J Dent Child 1978; 45: 199-202.
  • 28. Andreasen FM, Zhijie Y, Thomsen BL, Andersen PK. Occurrence of pulp canal obliteration after luxation injuries in the permanent dentition. Endod Dent Traumatol 1987; 3:103-15.
  • 29. Andreasen FM. Histological and bacteriological study of pulps extirpated after luxation injuries. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988; 4: 170-81.
  • 30. Bhaskar SN, Rappaport HM. Dental vitality tests and pulp status. J Am Dent Assoc 1973; 86: 409-11.
  • 31. Chambers IG. The role and methods of pulp testing in oral diagnosis: a review. Int Endod J 1982; 15: 1-15.
  • 32. Sasano T, Onodera D, Hashimoto K, Iikubo M, Satoh-Kuriwada S, Shoji N, et al. Possible application of transmitted laser light for the assessment of human pulp vitality. Part 2. Increased laser power for enhanced detection of pulpal blood flow. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 37-41.
  • 33. Rowe AH, Pitt Ford TR. The assessment of pulpal vitality. Int Endod J 1990; 23: 77-83.
  • 34. Nanci A, Ten Cate AR. Ten Cate’s Oral histology: development, structure, and function. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003.
  • 35. Edwall L, Kindlova M. The effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on the rate of disappearance of tracers from various oral tissues. Acta Odontol Scand 1971; 29: 387-400.
  • 36. Tonder KH, Aukland K. Blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs measured by local H2 gas desaturation technique. Arch Oral Biol 1975; 20: 73-9. 37. Kim S. Regulation of pulpal blood flow. J Dent Res 1985; 64: 590-6.
  • 38. Nissan R, Trope M, Zhang CD, Chance B. Dual wavelength spectrophotometry as a diagnostic test of the pulp chamber contents. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 74: 508-14.
  • 39. Schnapp LM, Cohen NH. Pulse oximetry. Uses and abuses. Chest 1990; 98: 1244-50.
  • 40. Schmitt JM, Webber RL, Walker EC. Optical determination of dental pulp vitality. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991; 38: 346-52.
  • 41. Gopikrishna V, Tinagupta K, Kandaswamy D. Comparison of electrical, thermal, and pulse oximetry methods for assessing pulp vitality in recently traumatized teeth. J Endod 2007; 33: 531-5.
  • 42. Gazelius B, Olgart L, Edwall B, Edwall L. Non-invasive recording of blood flow in human dental pulp. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986; 2: 219-21.
  • 43. Olgart L, Gazelius B, Lindh-Stromberg U. Laser Doppler flowmetry in assessing vitality in luxated permanent teeth. Int Endod J 1988; 21: 300-6.
  • 44. Ingolfsson AE, Tronstad L, Riva CE. Reliability of laser Doppler flowmetry in testing vitality of human teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994; 10: 185-7.
  • 45. Yanpiset K, Vongsavan N, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Efficacy of laser Doppler flowmetry for the diagnosis of revascularization of reimplanted immature dog teeth. Dent Traumatol 2001; 17: 63-70.
  • 46. Pettersson H, Öberg PA. Pulp blood flow assessment in human teeth by laser Doppler flowmetry. Lasers in Orthopedic, Dental, and Veterinary Medicine. 1991; (SPIE)1424: 116-9.
  • 47. Wilder-Smith PE. A new method for the non-invasive measurement of pulpal blood flow. Int Endod J 1988; 21: 307-12.
  • 48. Kimura Y, Wilder-Smith P, Matsumoto K. Lasers in endodontics: a review. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 173-85.
  • 49. Fogel HM, Pashley DH. Dentin permeability: effects of endodontic procedure on root slabs. J Endod 1990; 16: 442-5.
  • 50. Weichman JA, Johnson FM. Laser use in endodontics. A preliminary investigation. Oral Surg 1971; 31: 416-20.
  • 51. Pashley EL, Horner JA, Liu M, Kim S, Pashley DH. Effects of CO2 laser energy on dentin permeability. J Endod 1992; 18: 257-62.
  • 52. Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Comparative study about the removal of smear layer by three types of laser devices. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1998; 16: 117-22.
  • 53. Pecora JD, Brugnera-Junior A, Cussioli AL, Zanin F, Silva R. Evaluation of dentin root canal permeability after instrumentation and Er: YAG laser application. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 26: 277-81.
  • 54. Schoop U, Moritz A, Kluger W, Patruta S, Goharkhay K, Sperr W, et al. The Er:YAG laser in endodontics: results of an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 30: 360-4.
  • 55. Gordon W, Atabakhsh VA, Meza F, Doms A, Nissan R, Rizoiu I, et al. The antimicrobial efficacy of the erbium, chromium: yttriumscandiumgallium-garnet laser with radial emitting tips on root canal dentin walls infected with Enterococcus faecalis. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138: 992-1002.
  • 56. Wang Q, Zhang C, Yin X. Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of Er, Cr: YSGG, and Nd: YAG lasers in experimentally infected root canals. J Endod 2007; 33: 830-2.
  • 57. Coluzzi DJ. Fundamentals of dental lasers: science and instruments. Dent Clin North Am 2004; 48: 751-70.
  • 58. Seal GJ, Ng YL, Spratt D, Bhatti M, Gulabivala K. An in vitro comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of lethal photo - sensitization or sodium hyphochlorite irrigation on Streptococcus intermedius biofilms in root canals. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 268-74.
  • 59. George R, Meyers IA, Walsh LJ. Laser activation of endodontic irrigants with improved conical laser fiber tips for removing smear layer in the apical third of the root canal. J Endod 2008; 34: 1524-7.
  • 60. Blanken J, De Moor RJ, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 1: a visualization study. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41: 514-9.
  • 61. De Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-activated irrigation within root canals: cleaning efficacy and flow visualization. Int Endod J 2009; 42: 1077-83.
  • 62. De Moor RJ, Blanken J, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 2: evaluation of the efficacy. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41: 520-3.
  • 63. DiVito E, Peters OA, Olivi G. Effectiveness of the erbium: YAG laser and new design radial and stripped tips in removing the smear layer after root canal instrumentation. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 273-80.
  • 64. Basrani B. Irrigation in endodontic treatments. Alpha Omegan 2011; 104: 18-25.
  • 65. Dostalova T, Jelinkova H, Housova D, Sulc J, Nemec M, Miyagi M, et al. Diode-laser activated bleaching. Braz Dent J 2004; 15: SI3-8.
  • 66. Sun G. The role of lasers in cosmetic dentistry. Dent Clin North Am 2000; 44: 831-49.
  • 67. Wetter NU, Barrose MC, Pelino JE. Dental bleaching efficacy with diode laser and LED irradiation: an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 35: 254-8.
  • 68. Zhang C, Wang X, Kinoshita J, Zhao B, Toko T, Kimura Y, et al. Effects of KTP laser irradiation, diode laser, and LED on tooth bleaching: a comparative study. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25: 91-5.

Dental Lasers and Application Fields in Endodontics

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 01.04.2017

Abstract

Since the first laser application in endodontics by Weichman in 1971, search for new laser devices is being proposed with the rapid development of laser technology. The purpose of this article is to update the information on laser application fields in endodontics and give information regarding the advantages and limitations of the laser devices.

References

  • 1. Myers TD. Lasers in dentistry. J J Am Dent Assoc 1991; 122: 46- 50.
  • 2. Miller M, Truhe T. Lasers in dentistry; an overview. J Am Dent Assoc 1993; 124: 32-5.
  • 3. Anic I, Tachibana H, Maumoto K, Qi P. Permeability, morphologic and temperature changes of canal dentine walls induced by Nd: YAG, CO2 and Argon lasers. Int Endod J 1996; 29: 13-22.
  • 4. American Academy of Periodontology. The American Academy of Periodontology statement regarding gingival curettage. J Periodontol 2002; 73: 1229-30.
  • 5. Judy MM, Matthews JL, Aronoff BL, Hults DF. Soft tissue studies with 805 nm diode laser radiation: thermal effects with contact tips and comparison with effects of 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser radiation. Lasers Surg Med 1993; 13: 528-36.
  • 6. Anic I, Dzubur A, Vidovic D, Tudja M. Temperature and surface changes of dentine and cementum induced by CO2 laser exposure. Int Endod J 1993; 26: 284-93.
  • 7. Zakariasen KL, Dederich DN. Dental Lasers and science. J Can Dent Assoc 1991; 57: 570-3.
  • 8. Gerschman JA, Ruben J, Gerbart-Eaglenont J. Low level laser therapy for dentinat tooth hypersensitivity. Aust Dent J 1994; 39: 353-7.
  • 9. Matsumoto K, Funai H, Shirasuka T, Wakabayashi H. Effects of Nd:YAG-laser in treatment of cervical hypersensitive dentine. Jpn J Conserv Dent 1985; 28: 760-5.
  • 10. Rosenthal MW. Historic review of the management of tooth hypersensitivity. Dent Clin North Am 1990; 34: 403-27.
  • 11. Brännström M, Linden LA, Aström A. The hydrodynamics of dental tubule and pulp fluid. Caries Res 1967; 1: 310-7.
  • 12. Cohen SP, Burns RC. Pathways of the pulp. 8th Edition, Mosby, 2002: 36, 593.
  • 13. Trushkowsky R, Oquendo A. Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Dent Clin North Am 2011; 55: 599-608.
  • 14. Kimura Y, Wilder-Smith P, Yonaga K, Matsumoto K. Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity by lasers: a review. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27: 715-21.
  • 15. Matsumoto K, Kimura Y. Laser Therapy of Dentin Hypersensitivity. J Oral Laser Application 2007; 7: 7-25.
  • 16. Ladalardo TC, Pinheiro A, Campos RA, Brugnera Junior A, Zanin F, Albernaz PL, et al. Laser therapy in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Braz Dent J 2004; 15: 144-50.
  • 17. Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Ebrahim D, Wernisch J, et al. The advantage of CO2- treated dental necks, in comparison with a standard method: Results of an in vivo study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1996; 14: 27-32.
  • 18. Lan WH, Liu HC. Sealing of human dentinal tubules by Nd:YAG laser. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 1995; 13: 329- 33.
  • 19. Grag N, Grag A. Text book of endodontics. 1st Edition, 2007: 421.
  • 20. Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Gatto R, Monaco A. Effectiveness of laser in dentinal hypersensitivity treatment: a systematic review. J Endod 2011; 37: 297-303.
  • 21. Orchardson R, Gillam DR. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137: 990-8; quiz 1028-9.
  • 22. Orchardson R, Gangarosa LP, Holland GR, Pashley DH, Trowbridge HO, Ashley FP, et al. Dentine hypersensitivity into the 21st century. Arch Oral Biol 1994; 39 (Suppl): 113S-9S.
  • 23. Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the pulp. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.
  • 24. Petersson K, Soderstrom C, Kiani-Anaraki M, Levy G. Evaluation of the ability of thermal and electrical tests to register pulp vitality. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999; 15: 127-31.
  • 25. Radhakrishnan S, Munshi AK, Hegde AM. Pulse oximetry: a diagnostic instrument in pulpal vitality testing. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002; 26: 141-5.
  • 26. Noblett WC, Wilcox LR, Scamman F, Johnson WT, Diaz-Arnold A. Detection of pulpal circulation in vitro by pulse oximetry. J Endod 1996; 22: 1-5.
  • 27. Klein H. Pulp responses to an electric pulp stimulator in the developing permanent anterior dentition. ASDC J Dent Child 1978; 45: 199-202.
  • 28. Andreasen FM, Zhijie Y, Thomsen BL, Andersen PK. Occurrence of pulp canal obliteration after luxation injuries in the permanent dentition. Endod Dent Traumatol 1987; 3:103-15.
  • 29. Andreasen FM. Histological and bacteriological study of pulps extirpated after luxation injuries. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988; 4: 170-81.
  • 30. Bhaskar SN, Rappaport HM. Dental vitality tests and pulp status. J Am Dent Assoc 1973; 86: 409-11.
  • 31. Chambers IG. The role and methods of pulp testing in oral diagnosis: a review. Int Endod J 1982; 15: 1-15.
  • 32. Sasano T, Onodera D, Hashimoto K, Iikubo M, Satoh-Kuriwada S, Shoji N, et al. Possible application of transmitted laser light for the assessment of human pulp vitality. Part 2. Increased laser power for enhanced detection of pulpal blood flow. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 37-41.
  • 33. Rowe AH, Pitt Ford TR. The assessment of pulpal vitality. Int Endod J 1990; 23: 77-83.
  • 34. Nanci A, Ten Cate AR. Ten Cate’s Oral histology: development, structure, and function. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003.
  • 35. Edwall L, Kindlova M. The effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on the rate of disappearance of tracers from various oral tissues. Acta Odontol Scand 1971; 29: 387-400.
  • 36. Tonder KH, Aukland K. Blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs measured by local H2 gas desaturation technique. Arch Oral Biol 1975; 20: 73-9. 37. Kim S. Regulation of pulpal blood flow. J Dent Res 1985; 64: 590-6.
  • 38. Nissan R, Trope M, Zhang CD, Chance B. Dual wavelength spectrophotometry as a diagnostic test of the pulp chamber contents. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 74: 508-14.
  • 39. Schnapp LM, Cohen NH. Pulse oximetry. Uses and abuses. Chest 1990; 98: 1244-50.
  • 40. Schmitt JM, Webber RL, Walker EC. Optical determination of dental pulp vitality. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991; 38: 346-52.
  • 41. Gopikrishna V, Tinagupta K, Kandaswamy D. Comparison of electrical, thermal, and pulse oximetry methods for assessing pulp vitality in recently traumatized teeth. J Endod 2007; 33: 531-5.
  • 42. Gazelius B, Olgart L, Edwall B, Edwall L. Non-invasive recording of blood flow in human dental pulp. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986; 2: 219-21.
  • 43. Olgart L, Gazelius B, Lindh-Stromberg U. Laser Doppler flowmetry in assessing vitality in luxated permanent teeth. Int Endod J 1988; 21: 300-6.
  • 44. Ingolfsson AE, Tronstad L, Riva CE. Reliability of laser Doppler flowmetry in testing vitality of human teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994; 10: 185-7.
  • 45. Yanpiset K, Vongsavan N, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Efficacy of laser Doppler flowmetry for the diagnosis of revascularization of reimplanted immature dog teeth. Dent Traumatol 2001; 17: 63-70.
  • 46. Pettersson H, Öberg PA. Pulp blood flow assessment in human teeth by laser Doppler flowmetry. Lasers in Orthopedic, Dental, and Veterinary Medicine. 1991; (SPIE)1424: 116-9.
  • 47. Wilder-Smith PE. A new method for the non-invasive measurement of pulpal blood flow. Int Endod J 1988; 21: 307-12.
  • 48. Kimura Y, Wilder-Smith P, Matsumoto K. Lasers in endodontics: a review. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 173-85.
  • 49. Fogel HM, Pashley DH. Dentin permeability: effects of endodontic procedure on root slabs. J Endod 1990; 16: 442-5.
  • 50. Weichman JA, Johnson FM. Laser use in endodontics. A preliminary investigation. Oral Surg 1971; 31: 416-20.
  • 51. Pashley EL, Horner JA, Liu M, Kim S, Pashley DH. Effects of CO2 laser energy on dentin permeability. J Endod 1992; 18: 257-62.
  • 52. Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Comparative study about the removal of smear layer by three types of laser devices. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1998; 16: 117-22.
  • 53. Pecora JD, Brugnera-Junior A, Cussioli AL, Zanin F, Silva R. Evaluation of dentin root canal permeability after instrumentation and Er: YAG laser application. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 26: 277-81.
  • 54. Schoop U, Moritz A, Kluger W, Patruta S, Goharkhay K, Sperr W, et al. The Er:YAG laser in endodontics: results of an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 30: 360-4.
  • 55. Gordon W, Atabakhsh VA, Meza F, Doms A, Nissan R, Rizoiu I, et al. The antimicrobial efficacy of the erbium, chromium: yttriumscandiumgallium-garnet laser with radial emitting tips on root canal dentin walls infected with Enterococcus faecalis. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138: 992-1002.
  • 56. Wang Q, Zhang C, Yin X. Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of Er, Cr: YSGG, and Nd: YAG lasers in experimentally infected root canals. J Endod 2007; 33: 830-2.
  • 57. Coluzzi DJ. Fundamentals of dental lasers: science and instruments. Dent Clin North Am 2004; 48: 751-70.
  • 58. Seal GJ, Ng YL, Spratt D, Bhatti M, Gulabivala K. An in vitro comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of lethal photo - sensitization or sodium hyphochlorite irrigation on Streptococcus intermedius biofilms in root canals. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 268-74.
  • 59. George R, Meyers IA, Walsh LJ. Laser activation of endodontic irrigants with improved conical laser fiber tips for removing smear layer in the apical third of the root canal. J Endod 2008; 34: 1524-7.
  • 60. Blanken J, De Moor RJ, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 1: a visualization study. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41: 514-9.
  • 61. De Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-activated irrigation within root canals: cleaning efficacy and flow visualization. Int Endod J 2009; 42: 1077-83.
  • 62. De Moor RJ, Blanken J, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 2: evaluation of the efficacy. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41: 520-3.
  • 63. DiVito E, Peters OA, Olivi G. Effectiveness of the erbium: YAG laser and new design radial and stripped tips in removing the smear layer after root canal instrumentation. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 273-80.
  • 64. Basrani B. Irrigation in endodontic treatments. Alpha Omegan 2011; 104: 18-25.
  • 65. Dostalova T, Jelinkova H, Housova D, Sulc J, Nemec M, Miyagi M, et al. Diode-laser activated bleaching. Braz Dent J 2004; 15: SI3-8.
  • 66. Sun G. The role of lasers in cosmetic dentistry. Dent Clin North Am 2000; 44: 831-49.
  • 67. Wetter NU, Barrose MC, Pelino JE. Dental bleaching efficacy with diode laser and LED irradiation: an in vitro study. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 35: 254-8.
  • 68. Zhang C, Wang X, Kinoshita J, Zhao B, Toko T, Kimura Y, et al. Effects of KTP laser irradiation, diode laser, and LED on tooth bleaching: a comparative study. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25: 91-5.
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA94ZM75YU
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Emrah Çetin This is me

Hicran Dönmez Özkan This is me

Senem Gökçen This is me

Yiğit Özer This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Çetin E, Özkan HD, Gökçen S, Özer Y (April 1, 2017) Dental Lasers and Application Fields in Endodontics. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 18 1 1–7.