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Sekiz Haftalık Goalball Antrenmanlarının, Tipik Gelişim Gösteren Çocukların Reaksiyon Zamanı ve Dikkat Performansları Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 53 Issue: 241, 277 - 296, 01.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1213739

Abstract

Goalball oyunu, görme engelliler tarafından oynanan paralimpik bir spor dalıdır. Bu çalışma, sekiz haftalık goalball antrenmanlarının tipik gelişim gösteren çocukların reaksiyon zamanı ve dikkat performanslarına etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, bir ilköğretim okuluna devam eden ve tipik gelişim gösteren 8. sınıf öğrencileri (8 kadın, 9 erkek olmak üzere 17 öğrenci) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Bu öğrenciler, 8 kişi Goalball Grubu (GG) ve 9 kişi Kontrol Grubu (KG) olarak basit rasgele örnekleme yöntemiyle 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. GG’na 8 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün, günde 60 dakika goalball antrenmanı yaptırılmıştır. KG ise bu sürede düzenli bir spor aktivitesine katılmamıştır. Tüm katılımcıların dikkat performansları ve reaksiyon zamanları 8 hafta öncesi ve sonrası ölçülmüştür. Katılımcıların dikkat performanslarında d2 dikkat testi kullanılmıştır. Reaksiyon zaman ölçümlerinde disklere dokunma testi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde, gruplararası karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma öncesi GG ve KG arasında d2 dikkat ve reaksiyon zaman testleri karşılaştırılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir (p>0,05). Ancak 8 hafta sonrasında ise; d2 dikkat testi sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık görülmezken (p>0,05), reaksiyon zamanları yönünden GG katılımcılarının lehine olarak bir gelişme görülmüştür (p=0.004). Sadece görme engelliler tarafından oynanan goalball oyununun beden eğitimi derslerine eklenmesinin, çocukların reaksiyon zaman gelişimlerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

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  • MacDonald, C., Bryan, R., Lieberman, L. J., and Foley, J. T. (2020). “You Think Differently After Playing This Sport”: Experiences of Collegiate Goalball Players. Recreational Sports Journal, 44(2), 139-148.
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Year 2024, Volume: 53 Issue: 241, 277 - 296, 01.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1213739

Abstract

References

  • Baştuğ, G., Mollaoğullari, H., Göral, K., and Kocacan, S. (2016). Investigation of the effect of mental training method on balance and attention of 10-12 years old football players. International Journal of Psychiatry and Psychological Researches, 4:167-76.
  • Barbosa, E.O., de Oliveira Barbosa, E., Sales, D.F.O., de Moraes Pimentel, D., Vaghetti, C.A.O., Carneiro, L.S., Rodrigues-Sobral, M.M. and Monteiro-Junior, R.S. (2020). Virtual reality-based exercise reduces children’s simple reaction time. International Journal of Sports Science. 10(5), 112-116. doi: 10.5923/j.sports.20201005.03.
  • Bednarczuk, G., Molik, B., Morgulec-Adamowicz, N., Kosmol, A., Wiszomirska, I., Rutkowska, I., and Perkowski, K. (2017). Static balance of visually impaired paralympic goalball players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 12(5), 611-617.
  • Bhirud, B. G., and Chandan, L. M. (2017). Comparative study of simple auditory reaction time in blind and blindfolded sighted individuals. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(1), 64.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008). Çakmak, E.K., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F., Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Büyükyazı, G., ve Tatar, A. (2004). Düzenli egzersiz yapan erkeklerin mental reaksiyon zamanı düzeylerinin sedanterlerle karşılaştırılması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(4), 41-50.
  • Chan., Y.S. and Ho, C.S. (2021). Reaction performance improvement in children with adhd through adapted physical activity a pilot study. German Journal of Sports Medicine/Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin, 72(1), 21-27. doi:10.5960/dzsm.2020.470.
  • Çağlar, E. ve Koruç, Z.(2006). D2 dikkat testinin sporcularda güvenirliği ve geçerliği. J. Of Sport Sciences,17 (2), 58-80.
  • Çolak, T., Bamaç, B., Aydin, M., Meriç, B., and Özbek, A. (2004). Physical fitness levels of blind and visually impaired goalball team players. Isokinetics and exercise science, 12(4), 247-252.
  • Deliceoğlu, G., Pehlivan Çavuş, T., Karaman, G., Kocahan, T., Tortu, E. ve Tekçe, A. (2017). Goalball Antrenmanının Kadın Goalball Paralimpik Takımının Kuvvet, Denge ve Esneklik Parametrelerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (1), 74-84. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gaunjss/issue/28492/287784.
  • Doyle, A. E., Biederman, J., Seidman, L. J., Weber, W., and Faraone, S. V. (2000). Diagnostic efficiency of neuropsychological test scores for discriminating boys with and without attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.477.
  • Drahota, A., Sterling, L., Hwang, W. C., and Wood, J. J. (2013). Daily living skills in school‐age children with and without anxiety disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(1), 107-112.
  • Duarte, A., Costa, C.P., and Jose, M. E. C. (2003). Tiempo de reacción en individuos ciegos, practicantes y no practicantes de actividad deportiva. Revista Integración, 41, 7-14.
  • Furtado, O. L. P. C., Murato, M. P., Potenza, M., and Gutierrez, G. L. (2016). Health-related physical fitness among young goalball players with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 110(4), 257–265.
  • Gandhi, P. H., Gokhale, P. A., Mehta, H. B., and Shah, C. J. (2013). A comparative study of simple auditory reaction time in blind (congenitally) and sighted subjects. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine, 35(3), 273-277.
  • Goulart-Siqueira, G., Benítez-Flores, S., Ferreira, A. R., Zagatto, A. M., Foster, C., and Boullosa, D. (2019). Relationships between different field test performance measures in elite goalball players. Sports, 7(1), 6.
  • Howie, E. K., and Pate, R. R. (2012). Physical activity and academic achievement in children: A historical perspective. Journal of Sport And Health Science, 1(3), 160-169.
  • Ince, G. ve Yıldırım, A. (2018). Top ile Oynanan Spor Branşlarında Aparat Kullanımının, Sporcu Dikkat Performansı Üzerine Etkisi: Pilot Çalışma. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 4(4), 122-130. doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.445340.
  • Jakobsen, L.H., Sorensen, J.M., Rask, I.K., Jensen, B.S., and Kondrup, J. (2011). Validation of reaction time as a measure of cognitive function and quality of life in healthy subjects and patients. Nutrition, 27(5), 561-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.08.003.
  • Kaplan, A., ve Elif, A. Ç. I. L. (2015). 6. Sınıf öğrencilerinin bölünebilme kuralları ve asal sayılar alt öğrenme alanındaki başarılarına işbirlikli öğrenme yönteminin etkisinin incelenmesi. Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 7-23.
  • Karakaya, I. C, Aki, E., and Ergun, N. (2009). Physical fitness of visually impaired adolescent goalball players. Perceptual and Motor Skills,108(1), 129–136.
  • Kasozi, K. I., Mbiydzneyuy, N. E., Namubiru, S., Safiriyu, A. A., Sulaiman, S. O., Okpanachi, A. O., and Ninsiima, H. I. (2018). A study on visual, audio and tactile reaction time among medical students at Kampala International University in Uganda. African Health Sciences, 18(3), 828-836. doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v18i3.42.
  • Khodadadi, M., Ahmadi, K., Sahraei, H., Azadmarzabadi, E., and Yadollahi, S. (2014). Relationship between intelligence and reaction time; a review study. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 1(2), 63-69.
  • Kimyon, B., and Ince, G. (2020). The comparison of physical fitness, anthropometric characteristics, and visual acuity of goalball players with their right shot performance. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 114(6), 516-530.
  • Kornev, A. V., and Pravdov, M. A. (2017). Goalball game techniques and tactics. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture, (4), 20-22.
  • Kropf, E., Syan, S. K., Minuzzi, L., and Frey, B. N. (2019). From anatomy to function: the role of the somatosensory cortex in emotional regulation. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 41(3), 261-269. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0183.
  • Lin, H. Y., Hsieh, H. C., Lee, P., Hong, F. Y., Chang, W. D., and Liu, K. C. (2017). Auditory and visual attention performance in children with ADHD: The attentional deficiency of ADHD is modality specific. Journal of attention disorders, 21(10), 856-864.
  • Lindsay, G. W. (2020). Attention in psychology, neuroscience, and machine learning. Frontiers in computational neuroscience, 14, 29.
  • MacDonald, C., Bryan, R., Lieberman, L. J., and Foley, J. T. (2020). “You Think Differently After Playing This Sport”: Experiences of Collegiate Goalball Players. Recreational Sports Journal, 44(2), 139-148.
  • Molik, B., Morgulec–Adamowicz, N., Kosmol, A., Perkowski, K., Bednarczuk, G., Skowron´ski, W., Gomez, M. A., Koc, K., Rutkowska, I., and Szyman, R. J. (2015). Game performance evaluation in male goalball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 48, 43–51.
  • Monezi, L.A., Magalhães, T.P., Morato, M.P., Mercadante, L.A., Furtado, O.L.P.C., and Misuta, M.S. (2019). Time-motion analysis of goalball players in attacks: differences of the player positions and the throwing techniques. Sports biomechanics, 18(5), 470-481. DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1433871.
  • Moradi, A., and Esmaeilzadeh, S. (2015). Association between reaction time, speed and agility in schoolboys. Sport Sciences for Health, 11(3), 251-256.
  • Ng, A.W.Y., and Chan, A.H. (2012). Finger response times to visual, auditory and tactile modality stimuli. In Proceedings of the international multiconference of engineers and computer scientists. 2,1449-1454.
  • Oberauer, K. (2019). Working memory and attention–A conceptual analysis and review. Journal of cognition, 2(1):36, 1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.58.
  • Pace, M., and Bricout, V. A. (2015). Low heart rate response of children with autism spectrum disorders in comparison to controls during physical exercise. Physiology & behavior, 141, 63-68.
  • Petrigna, L., Giustino, V., Zangla, D., Aurea, S., Palma, R., Palma, A., and Battaglia, G. (2020). Physical fitness assessment in Goalball: A scoping review of the literature. Heliyon, 6(7), e04407.
  • Popović, R., Aleksić, A., Stojanović, D., Stefanović, M., Božić, S., and Popović, M. (2017). Evaluation of the Physical Fitness Level in Physical Education Female Students Using “Eurofit-Test”. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 2(1), 1-15.
  • Prabhavathi, K., Hemamalini, R. V., Thilip Kumar, G., Christopher Amalraj, M. K., and Saravanan, A. (2017). A correlational study of visual and auditory reaction time with their academic performance among the first year medical students. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(4), 371-374.
  • Reigal Garrido, R. E., Barrero, S., Martín, I., Morales-Sánchez, V., Juárez, R., and Hernández-Mendo, A. (2019). Relationships between reaction time, selective attention, physical activity and physical fitness in preteens. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2278.
  • Sarıer, Y. (2016). Türkiye’de öğrencilerin akademik başarısını etkileyen faktörler: bir meta-analiz çalışması [The factors that affects students' academic achievement in Turkey: a meta-analysis study]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education]. 31(3): 609-627. DOI:10.16986/HUJE.2016015868
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gonca Ince 0000-0003-3438-3241

Publication Date February 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 53 Issue: 241

Cite

APA Ince, G. (2024). Sekiz Haftalık Goalball Antrenmanlarının, Tipik Gelişim Gösteren Çocukların Reaksiyon Zamanı ve Dikkat Performansları Üzerine Etkisi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 53(241), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1213739