Research Article
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Instagram’da Yapılan Sosyal Karşılaştırmaların Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolleri

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 106 - 126, 19.07.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Instagram’da Sosyal Karşılaştırma Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği test edilmiş, ardından Instagram’da yakın arkadaşlar ve tanıdıklarla yapılan sosyal karşılaştırmaların üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerini yordayıcı rolleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 248 kadın, 110 erkek olmak üzere toplam 358 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Bulgular, Instagram’da Sosyal Karşılaştırma Ölçeği’nin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğuna ilişkin kanıtlar ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca hem yakın arkadaşlarla hem de tanıdıklarla yapılan yukarı doğru sosyal karşılaştırmalar depresyon ve stresteki artışla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Anksiyetedeki artış sadece tanıdıklarla yapılan yukarı doğru sosyal karşılaştırmalar tarafından yordanmıştır. Instagram’da aşağı doğru sosyal karşılaştırmalar yapmak, karşılaştırmanın kiminle yapıldığından bağımsız olarak, üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyini anlamlı olarak yordamamıştır.

References

  • Akça, Ö. F., Bilgiç, A., Karagöz, H., Çıkılı, Y., Koçak, F., & Sharp, C. (2020). Social media use and personality disorders. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(3), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.58500
  • Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W. ve Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176–181.
  • Aydogan, D., & Buyukyilmaz, O. (2017). The effect of social media usage on students’ stress and anxiety: A Research in Karabuk University Faculty of Business. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Thought, 6(1), 253-260.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate Analysis with latent variables: causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419-456
  • Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2018). Social media use and mental health among young adults. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89(2), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-017-9535-6
  • Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2016). Comparing Facebook users and Facebook non-users: Relationship between personality traits and mental health variables–an exploratory study. PloS one, 11(12), e0166999. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166999
  • Brooks, S. (2015). Does personal social media usage affect efficiency and well-being?. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.053
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (First edition). NY: Guilford Publications, Inc.
  • Burnell, K., George, M. J., Vollet, J. W., Ehrenreich, S. E., & Underwood, M. K. (2019). Passive social networking site use and well-being: The mediating roles of social comparison and the fear of missing out. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(3), article 5. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-3-5
  • Büyükmumcu, S. B., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2020). Sosyal medya kullanıcılarının sosyal karşılaştırma eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 273-302.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
  • Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
  • Cheng, j., Burke, M., & De Gant, B. (2020). Country differences in social comparison on social media. In Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 4, CSCW3, Article 270 (December 2020). ACM, New York, NY. 26 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434179
  • Cramer, E. M., Song, H., & Drent, A. M. (2016). Social comparison on Facebook: Motivation, affective consequences, self-esteem, and Facebook fatigue. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.049
  • Çoban, A. (2020). Sosyal ağ kullanımı davranışlarının beden imgesi ve depresyon ile ilişkisinin sosyal karşılaştırma kuramı bağlamında incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Demirci, İ. (2019). Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması, depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileriyle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20 (Ek Sayı.1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.41585
  • Dikbaş Torun, E. (2019). Sosyal medya davranışları ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi,(32), 217-234. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.620551
  • Ebel, R. L. & Frisbie, D. A. (1986). Essentials of educational measurement. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  • Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033111
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  • Franz, B. (2014). What you don't know can hurt you: Social comparison on Facebook. Undergraduate Research Theses, The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, USA.
  • Gerber, J. P. (2018). Social comparison theory. In V. Zeigler-Hill, T.K. Shackelford (eds.) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp.1-10). USA: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1182-1
  • Gerber, J. P., Wheeler, L. & Suls, J. (2018). A social comparison theory meta-analysis 60+years on. Pyschological Bulletin, 144(2), 177-197. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000127
  • Gerson, J., Plagnol, A. & Corr, P. J. (2016). Subjective well-being and social media use: Do personality traits moderate the impact of social comparison on Facebook?. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, pp. 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.023
  • Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129-142. Helgeson, V. S., & K. D. Mickelson (1995). Motives for Social Comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(11),1200–1209. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952111008
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Jiang, S., & Ngien, A. (2020). The effects of Instagram use, social comparison, and self-esteem on social anxiety: A survey study in Singapore. Social Media+ Society, First published, https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912488.
  • Karadağ, A., & Akçinar, B. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve psikolojik semptomlar arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20(3), 154-166.
  • Kaşdarma, E. (2016). Facebook’taki sosyal karşılaştırma sürecinin ve bu süreçle ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kayış, A. (2014). Güvenirlik analizi. Şerif Kalaycı (ed.) SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri içinde (s. 403-424). Ankara; Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Lee, S. (2020). A study on the effect of comparison with others and social support on life satisfaction of Facebook. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2020.81001
  • Li, Y. (2019). Upward social comparison and depression in social network settings. Internet Research, 29(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-09-2017-0358
  • Liu, J., Li, C., Carcioppolo, N., & North, M. (2016). Do our Facebook friends make us feel worse? A study of social comparison and emotion. Human Communication Research, 42(4), 619-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12090
  • Loi, N. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Ebdell, E. (2020). Social comparison as a potential moderator of the relationship between social media use and psychological wellbeing in young adults. Available at SSRN 3516448.
  • Lovibond, P. F. and Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • McCarthy, P. A., & Morina, N. (2020). Exploring the association of social comparison with depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2452
  • Nesi, J., & Prinstein, M. J. (2015). Using social media for social comparison and feedback-seeking: Gender and popularity moderate associations with depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(8), 1427-1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0020-0
  • Özcan, S. D. (2019). Adolescents’ eating behaviors in the era of social media: the role of social comparison, body satisfaction and need satisfaction. Unpublished master thesis, Ted University, The Graduate School of Social Sciences.
  • Savci, M., & Aysan, F. (2016). Relationship between impulsivity, social media usage and loneliness. Educational Process: International Journal, 5(2), 106-115. https://doi.org/10.12973/edupij.2016.52.2
  • Seldert, S. (2014). Attention and social comparison on Facebook: A quantitative study about adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Unpublished dissertation, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
  • Song, H., Cramer E. M., & Park, N. (2019) Cultural differences in social comparison on Facebook. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(2), 172-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1519037
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 893-898.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson.
  • Wang, W., Wang, M., Hu, Q., Wang, P., Lei, L., & Jiang, S. (2020). Upward social comparison on mobile social media and depression: the mediating role of envy and the moderating role of marital quality. Journal of Affective Disorders, 270,143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.173
  • Warrender, D. and Milne, R. (2020). How use of social media and social comparison affect mental health. Nursing Times, 116(3), 56-59.
  • We Are Social (2020). Digital in 2021 report. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2021/01/digital-2021-the-latest-insights-into-the-state-of-digital
  • Verduyn, P., Gugushvili, N., Massar, K., Täht, K., & Kross, E. (2020). Social comparison on social networking sites. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002
  • Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Okdie, B. M., Eckles, K., & Franz, B. (2015). Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social media use and its outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.026
  • Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000047
  • Yıldırım, A., Boysan, M., ve Kefeli, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). British Journal of Guidance ve Counselling, 46(5), 582-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1442558
  • Zheng, Y., Yang, X., Zhou, R., Niu, G., Liu, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Upward social comparison and state anxiety as mediators between passive socail network site usage and online compulsive buying among women. Addictive Behaviors, 111(106569). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106569
  • Zuo, A. (2014). Measuring up: Social comparisons on Facebook and contributions to self-esteem and mental health. Master thesis, University of Michigan, USA.
Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 106 - 126, 19.07.2022

Abstract

References

  • Akça, Ö. F., Bilgiç, A., Karagöz, H., Çıkılı, Y., Koçak, F., & Sharp, C. (2020). Social media use and personality disorders. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(3), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.58500
  • Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W. ve Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176–181.
  • Aydogan, D., & Buyukyilmaz, O. (2017). The effect of social media usage on students’ stress and anxiety: A Research in Karabuk University Faculty of Business. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Thought, 6(1), 253-260.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate Analysis with latent variables: causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419-456
  • Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2018). Social media use and mental health among young adults. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89(2), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-017-9535-6
  • Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2016). Comparing Facebook users and Facebook non-users: Relationship between personality traits and mental health variables–an exploratory study. PloS one, 11(12), e0166999. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166999
  • Brooks, S. (2015). Does personal social media usage affect efficiency and well-being?. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.053
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (First edition). NY: Guilford Publications, Inc.
  • Burnell, K., George, M. J., Vollet, J. W., Ehrenreich, S. E., & Underwood, M. K. (2019). Passive social networking site use and well-being: The mediating roles of social comparison and the fear of missing out. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(3), article 5. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-3-5
  • Büyükmumcu, S. B., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2020). Sosyal medya kullanıcılarının sosyal karşılaştırma eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 273-302.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
  • Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
  • Cheng, j., Burke, M., & De Gant, B. (2020). Country differences in social comparison on social media. In Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 4, CSCW3, Article 270 (December 2020). ACM, New York, NY. 26 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434179
  • Cramer, E. M., Song, H., & Drent, A. M. (2016). Social comparison on Facebook: Motivation, affective consequences, self-esteem, and Facebook fatigue. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.049
  • Çoban, A. (2020). Sosyal ağ kullanımı davranışlarının beden imgesi ve depresyon ile ilişkisinin sosyal karşılaştırma kuramı bağlamında incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Demirci, İ. (2019). Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması, depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileriyle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20 (Ek Sayı.1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.41585
  • Dikbaş Torun, E. (2019). Sosyal medya davranışları ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi,(32), 217-234. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.620551
  • Ebel, R. L. & Frisbie, D. A. (1986). Essentials of educational measurement. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
  • Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033111
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  • Franz, B. (2014). What you don't know can hurt you: Social comparison on Facebook. Undergraduate Research Theses, The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, USA.
  • Gerber, J. P. (2018). Social comparison theory. In V. Zeigler-Hill, T.K. Shackelford (eds.) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp.1-10). USA: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1182-1
  • Gerber, J. P., Wheeler, L. & Suls, J. (2018). A social comparison theory meta-analysis 60+years on. Pyschological Bulletin, 144(2), 177-197. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000127
  • Gerson, J., Plagnol, A. & Corr, P. J. (2016). Subjective well-being and social media use: Do personality traits moderate the impact of social comparison on Facebook?. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, pp. 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.023
  • Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129-142. Helgeson, V. S., & K. D. Mickelson (1995). Motives for Social Comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(11),1200–1209. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952111008
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Jiang, S., & Ngien, A. (2020). The effects of Instagram use, social comparison, and self-esteem on social anxiety: A survey study in Singapore. Social Media+ Society, First published, https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912488.
  • Karadağ, A., & Akçinar, B. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve psikolojik semptomlar arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 20(3), 154-166.
  • Kaşdarma, E. (2016). Facebook’taki sosyal karşılaştırma sürecinin ve bu süreçle ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kayış, A. (2014). Güvenirlik analizi. Şerif Kalaycı (ed.) SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri içinde (s. 403-424). Ankara; Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Lee, S. (2020). A study on the effect of comparison with others and social support on life satisfaction of Facebook. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2020.81001
  • Li, Y. (2019). Upward social comparison and depression in social network settings. Internet Research, 29(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-09-2017-0358
  • Liu, J., Li, C., Carcioppolo, N., & North, M. (2016). Do our Facebook friends make us feel worse? A study of social comparison and emotion. Human Communication Research, 42(4), 619-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12090
  • Loi, N. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Ebdell, E. (2020). Social comparison as a potential moderator of the relationship between social media use and psychological wellbeing in young adults. Available at SSRN 3516448.
  • Lovibond, P. F. and Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • McCarthy, P. A., & Morina, N. (2020). Exploring the association of social comparison with depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2452
  • Nesi, J., & Prinstein, M. J. (2015). Using social media for social comparison and feedback-seeking: Gender and popularity moderate associations with depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(8), 1427-1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0020-0
  • Özcan, S. D. (2019). Adolescents’ eating behaviors in the era of social media: the role of social comparison, body satisfaction and need satisfaction. Unpublished master thesis, Ted University, The Graduate School of Social Sciences.
  • Savci, M., & Aysan, F. (2016). Relationship between impulsivity, social media usage and loneliness. Educational Process: International Journal, 5(2), 106-115. https://doi.org/10.12973/edupij.2016.52.2
  • Seldert, S. (2014). Attention and social comparison on Facebook: A quantitative study about adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Unpublished dissertation, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
  • Song, H., Cramer E. M., & Park, N. (2019) Cultural differences in social comparison on Facebook. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(2), 172-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1519037
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 893-898.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson.
  • Wang, W., Wang, M., Hu, Q., Wang, P., Lei, L., & Jiang, S. (2020). Upward social comparison on mobile social media and depression: the mediating role of envy and the moderating role of marital quality. Journal of Affective Disorders, 270,143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.173
  • Warrender, D. and Milne, R. (2020). How use of social media and social comparison affect mental health. Nursing Times, 116(3), 56-59.
  • We Are Social (2020). Digital in 2021 report. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2021/01/digital-2021-the-latest-insights-into-the-state-of-digital
  • Verduyn, P., Gugushvili, N., Massar, K., Täht, K., & Kross, E. (2020). Social comparison on social networking sites. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002
  • Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Okdie, B. M., Eckles, K., & Franz, B. (2015). Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social media use and its outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.026
  • Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000047
  • Yıldırım, A., Boysan, M., ve Kefeli, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). British Journal of Guidance ve Counselling, 46(5), 582-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1442558
  • Zheng, Y., Yang, X., Zhou, R., Niu, G., Liu, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Upward social comparison and state anxiety as mediators between passive socail network site usage and online compulsive buying among women. Addictive Behaviors, 111(106569). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106569
  • Zuo, A. (2014). Measuring up: Social comparisons on Facebook and contributions to self-esteem and mental health. Master thesis, University of Michigan, USA.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Asıcı

Publication Date July 19, 2022
Submission Date March 24, 2022
Acceptance Date May 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Asıcı, E. (2022). Instagram’da Yapılan Sosyal Karşılaştırmaların Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolleri. Muallim Rıfat Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 106-126.






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