Toprak İşleme ve Anız Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Toprağın Fiziksel Kalite İndikatörlerine Etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 36 Issue: 3, 464 - 477, 12.10.2021

Elif Günal İsmail Celik

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.933444

Abstract

Bitkisel üretimde tohum yatağı hazırlığı ve yabancı ot mücadelesi amacı ile kullanılan toprak işleme, sağladığı faydanın yanında sebep olduğu tahribat nedeniyle her zaman araştırmacıların çok fazla ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu çalışma, 11 yıldır devam eden ve 2 geleneksel, 3 azaltılmış ve 2 sıfır toprak işleme yönteminin toprak kalitesine etkisinin araştırıldığı bir deneme alanında, uygulamaların toprağın fiziksel kalite (FTK) indikatörlerine ve genel olarak FTK’ne etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, kışlık buğday-mısır/soya fasulyesi rotasyonunda bitkisel üretim yapılmıştır. 2017 yılı Kasım ayında, mısır hasadından sonra, her parselden 0-10, 10-20 ve 20-30 cm derinliklerden bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak örnekleri alınmış ve her parselde penetrasyon direnci (PD) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Toprak fiziksel kalitesini değerlendirmek amacı ile agregat stabilitesi (AS), hacim ağırlığı (HA), yarayışlı su içeriği ve su dolu gözenek hacmi belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan skorlama eğrileri kullanılarak, elde edilen değerler 0 ile 1.0 arasında skorlara dönüştürülmüştür. Skorların birleştirilmesi ile her toprak işleme yöntemi için bir TFK indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Toprak işleme yöntemlerinin tamamı, FTK indikatörleri ve indeksi üzerine önemli düzeyde etki etmiştir. Her üç derinlikte de en düşük AS skorları, anızların yakıldığı geleneksel uygulamada elde edilmiş, AS skorları derinlikle birlikte artmıştır. En düşük HA skorları, azaltılmış ve sıfır toprak işleme yöntemleri için hesaplanmıştır. Tüm toprak işleme uygulamalarında derinlikle birlikte PD skorları önemli düzeyde artmıştır. Korumalı işleme uygulamalarda tespit edilen sıkışma, su dolu gözenek hacminin önemi miktarda artışına neden olmuştur. Yüzey ve işleme derinliği altındaki sıkışma nedeniyle, korumalı yöntemlerde TFK skorları daha düşüktür. Ancak stratejik toprak işleme uygulamasının, sıfır toprak işleme altında gerçekleşen sıkışıklığı gidermede önemli düzeyde etkili olmuştur.

Keywords

İndikatör, Agregat Stabilitesi, Yarayışlı Su, Sıkışma, Su Dolu Gözenek Hacmi

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

TOVAG 115O353

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknoloji Kurumunun TOVAG 115O353 nolu projesi kapsamında sağlanan maddi destek ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

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