Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

A Qualitative Research on the Process of Drug Addict Individuals Accessing Substances

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 17 - 31, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1407945

Abstract

This study aims to thoroughly examine the processes through which individuals who use substances access these substances. The main focuses of the study are the channels and locations of substance access, the process leading from substance use to procurement, communication with sellers, and applied privacy strategies. This research is designed according to qualitative research methods. During data collection, a semi-structured interview form was preferred, and interviews were conducted with 10 substance users. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods, and the results were interpreted. The findings are presented under four themes: "Initiation of Substance Use, Methods of Accessing Substances and Privacy Strategies, Language and Trust Relationships in the Substance Acquisition Process, Locations for Substance Procurement, Risky Situations, and Social Consequences." According to the results of the study, it is highlighted that the process of starting substance use due to curiosity and experimentation, often influenced by social environment and friendships, turns into addiction, and individuals usually begin using substances between the ages of 14 and 18. The study finds that while experienced users resort to traditional neighborhood channels like street dealers, the new generation prefers social media platforms (such as Telegram, Instagram, WhatsApp, Facebook) and certain games (like PUBG mobile, Minecraft) as covert channels. It has also been determined that the language and communication methods used in the process of procuring substances are developed using various names and jargons specific to different substances. On the other hand, the need to secure financial resources for continuous consumption and procurement during the transition from substance use to procurement often leads individuals to illegal actions such as theft, robbery, and violence, as well as to dangerous and risky behaviors.

References

  • Acar, B., Semerci, M. ve Yaman, M. (2022). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde alkol ve madde bağımlılarının kullanım ve tedavi deneyimleri, Bağımlılık Dergisi, 23(3), 338-350.
  • Aldridge, J.,et al. (2017). Will growth in crypto market drug buying increase the harms of illicit drugs?, Addiction, 113(5):789-796. doi: 10.1111/add.13899.
  • Alhamad, B. M., Twaissi, N., Alabaddi, Z., & Masa’deh, R. (2021). Customer’s Decision to Shift to e-Purchase Through Social Media in COVID-19 Pandemic. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67151-8_9.
  • Atkyns, R.L., Hanneman, G.J. (1974). Illicit drug distribution and dealer communication behavior, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 15(1), 36-43.
  • Bachhuber, M.A. and Merchant, R. (2017). Buying drugs online in the age of social media, American Journal Public Health, 107(12): 1858-1859.
  • Baggio, S., Mohler‐Kuo, M., Dupuis, M., Henchoz, Y., Studer, J., N’Goran, A.,& Gmel, G. (2016). Substance use capital: social resources enhancing youth substance use. Revue d'Épidémiologie Et De Santé Publique, 64(4), 255-262.
  • Bahar, A. (2018). Uyuşturucu madde kullanımının nedenleri ve bağımlılık oluşum sürecinde iletişimsel yaklaşımların rolü ve önemi: polis kayıtları üzerinden olgusal bir inceleme. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 55, 1-36.
  • Bhaskar, V. ve Roketskiy, N. (2021). Consumer privacy and serial monopoly, The Rand Journal Economics, 52(4), 912- 944.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of Practice. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bozkurt, O. (2015). Madde bağımlısı bireylerin bağımlılık süreçlerinde ailenin etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Briand, L. A. and Blendy, J. A. (2010). Molecular and genetic substrates linking stress and addiction. Brain Research, 1314, 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.002.
  • Cousijn, J., Luijten, M., & Ewing, S. (2018). Adolescent resilience to addiction: a social plasticity hypothesis. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(17)30148-7.
  • Danışmaz Sevin, M.ve Erbay, E. (2021). Eroin arkadaşlığı: çevresi içerisinde birey perspektifi ile madde bağımlılarının yaşam deneyimleri, Journal Of Dependence, 22(1):65-75.
  • Degenhardt, L., et al. (2010). Evaluating the drug use “gateway” theory using cross-national data: Consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 108(1-2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.001.
  • Denton, B., O’Malley, P. (1999). Gender, trust and business: women drug dealers in the illicit economy. British Journal of Criminology, 39 (4), 513-530.
  • Ebersole, D. S., Miller-Day, M., & Raup-Krieger, J. (2014). Do actions speak louder than words? adolescent interpretations of parental substance use. Journal of Family Communication, 14(4), 328-351.
  • Evren, C ve Çakmak, D. (2002). Damar yolu ile eroin kullananlarda enjektör paylaşımı ve ilişkili özellikler. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 3(1), 21-26.
  • Fairlie, R.W. (2002). Drug dealing and legitimate self-employment, Journal of Labor Economics, 20(3), pp.538-567.
  • Goffman, A. (2014), On the run: fugitive life in an american city. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Gresko, S. A., et al. (2022). Associations between parenting characteristics and adolescent substance use: A genetically informed, longitudinal adoption study. Development and Psychopathology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422000748.
  • Guy, R., and Chomczyński, P. (2023). Urban marginality, neighborhood dynamics, and the illicit drug trade in mexico city. Qualitative Sociology.
  • Hser, Y.-I., Longshore, D., & Anglin, M. D. (2007). The life course perspective on drug use. Evaluation review, 31(6), 515-547.
  • Hunt, D. E. (1990). Drugs and consensual crimes: Drug dealing and prostitution. Crime and Justice, 13, 159–202. https://doi.org/10.1086/449175.
  • Jackson, K., Janssen, T., & Gabrielli, J. (2018). Media/Marketing influences on adolescent and young adult substance abuse. Current Addiction Reports, 5(2), 146-157. doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0199-6.
  • Kahya, Y., Özerkmen, N. (2007). Organize suç örgütleri ve mafia, Ankara: Adalet Yayınları.
  • Kramer, T., Han, X., Leukefeld, C., Booth, B., & Edlund, C. (2009). Childhood conduct problems and other early risk factors in rural adult stimulant users. The Journal of Rural Health, 25(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00198.x.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2015). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları Lisdahl, K. M, vd. (2021). Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 227.
  • Litman, J., Hutchins, T., & Russon, R. (2005). Epistemic curiosity, feeling-of-knowing, and exploratory behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 19(4), 559–582.
  • Macit, R. (2018) Becoming a drug dealer in turkey. Journal of Drug Issues, 1-12.
  • Nurco DN et al. (1984). Trends in the commission of crime among narcotic addicts over successive periods of addiction. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 10,481-489.
  • Nurco DN. (1998). A long-term program research on drug use and crime. Substance Use And Misuse, 33( 9): 1817-1837.
  • Patton,M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Evulation And Research Methods (3rd ed.).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Preble, E., Casey, J.J. (1969). Taking care of business: the heroin user's life on the street. International Journal of the Addictions, 4 (12), 1-24.
  • Premnath, D.& Nateson, C. (2021). Applications of neuromarketing sciences on digital marketing models - a theoretical frame work, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(7), 3127-3132.
  • Rhee, S. H., et al. (2003). Genetic and environmental influences on substance initiation, use, and problem use in adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(12), 1256. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1256.
  • Rosenberg, C. M. (1971). The young addict and his family. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 118(545), 469–470.
  • Rusby, J. C., et al. (2018). Influence of parent–youth relationship, parental monitoring, and parent substance use on adolescent substance use onset. Journal of Family Psychology, 32(3), 310–320.
  • Sandberg, S. (2008). Black drug delares in a white welfare state. Advance Access Publication. Scott S, Muirhead C, Shucksmith J, Tyrrell R, Kaner E. (2016). Does industry-driven alcohol marketing influence adolescent drinking behaviour? A systematic review. Alcohol, 52(1):84–94.
  • Sheehan, M., Oppenheimer, E., Taylor, C., 1988. Who comes for treatment: drug misusers at three London agencies. Br. J. Addict. 83, 311-320.
  • Smith, M. A. (2020). Nonhuman animal models of substance use disorders: Translational value and utility to basic science. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 206,107733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107733.
  • Spohr, S. A., Livingston, M. D., Taxman, F. S., & Walters, S. T. (2019). What’s the influence of social interactions on substance use and treatment initiation? a prospective analysis among substance-using probationers. Addictive Behaviors, 89, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.036.
  • Stager MM, et al. (2016). Textbook of pediatrics. 20nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 947-962.
  • Tofighi, B., Perna, M., Desai, A., Grov, C., & Lee, J. D. (2016). Craigslist as a source for heroin: a report of two cases, Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 543-546.
  • TUBIM (Türkiye Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi). (2010). 2009 national report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point, Ankara.
  • Urbanik, M.M ve Haggerty, K.D (2018). ‘It’s dangerous’: the online world of drug dealers, rappers and the street code, The British Journal of Criminology, 58(6), 1343-1360, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azx083.
  • Ünlü, A., & Demir, O. Ömer. (2012). Addict and non-addict drug dealers in Istanbul, Turkey: Profiles and differences. International Journal of Human Sciences, 9(2), 161–175.
  • Van der Sanden, R., Wilkins, C., Romeo, J. S., Rychert, M., & Barratt, M. (2021). Predictors of using social media to purchase drugs in New Zealand: Findings from a large-scale online survey. International Journal of Drug Policy, 98 (2021) 103430.
  • Van Hout, M. C. (2010). Differentiated normalization and drug transitions among rural youth in Ireland. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 18(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687631003649371.
  • Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1511480.
  • Wu, L.T. (2011). Racial/Ethnic variations in substance-related disorders among adolescents in the united states. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(11), 1176. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.120.
  • Yaman, Ö. M. (2012). Gençlerin toplumsal davranış ve yönelimleri: İstanbul’da “apaçi” altkültür grupları üzerine nitel bir çalışma, (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi), Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Madde Kullanıcısı Bireylerin Maddeye Ulaşma Sürecine Dair Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 17 - 31, 31.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1407945

Abstract

Bu çalışma, madde kullanıcısı bireylerin maddeye erişim süreçlerini derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın odaklandığı başlıca konular; maddeye erişim kanalları ve mekanları, madde kullanımından temin etmeye götüren süreç, satıcılarla kurulan iletişim ve uygulanan gizlilik stratejileridir. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemine uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde yarı yapılandırılmış bir mülakat formu tercih edilmiş ve 10 madde kullanıcısı ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular ise “Madde Kullanımına Başlangıç, Maddeye Erişim Yolları ve Gizlilik Stratejileri, Madde Edinim Sürecinde Kullanılan Dil ve Güven İlişkisi, Madde Temin Yerleri, Riskli Durumlar ve Sosyal Sonuçlar olmak üzere 4 tema ile adlandırılarak verilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; sosyal çevre ve arkadaşlık ilişkileri, merak ve denemeyle madde kullınımına başlanan sürecin, bağımlılığa dönüştüğü, kişinin madde kullanımına 14-18 yaş aralığında başladığı öne çıkmaktadır. Araştırmada, madde teminindeki yöntemlere bakıldığında; deneyimli kullanıcılar, sokak satıcıları gibi geleneksel mahalle kanallarına başvururken, yeni nesil kullanıcılar ise sosyal medya platformları (Telegram, İnstagram, Whatsapp ve Facebook) ve bazı oyunları (PUBG mobile, Minecraft gibi) gizli kanal olarak kullanmayı tercih etmektedirler. Ayrıca bağımlı bireylerin madde temin etme sürecindeki dil ve iletişim yöntemleri, çeşitli maddelere özgü farklı isimler ve jargonlar kullanılarak oluşturulduğu saptanmıştır. Öte yandan madde kullanımından temine geçiş aşamasında, sürekli tüketim ve temin için gerekli maddi kaynakların sağlanması zorunluluğu, bireyleri hırsızlık, gasp ve şiddet gibi yasa dışı eylemlere, aynı zamanda tehlikeli ve riskli davranışlara ittiği görülmektedir.

References

  • Acar, B., Semerci, M. ve Yaman, M. (2022). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde alkol ve madde bağımlılarının kullanım ve tedavi deneyimleri, Bağımlılık Dergisi, 23(3), 338-350.
  • Aldridge, J.,et al. (2017). Will growth in crypto market drug buying increase the harms of illicit drugs?, Addiction, 113(5):789-796. doi: 10.1111/add.13899.
  • Alhamad, B. M., Twaissi, N., Alabaddi, Z., & Masa’deh, R. (2021). Customer’s Decision to Shift to e-Purchase Through Social Media in COVID-19 Pandemic. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67151-8_9.
  • Atkyns, R.L., Hanneman, G.J. (1974). Illicit drug distribution and dealer communication behavior, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 15(1), 36-43.
  • Bachhuber, M.A. and Merchant, R. (2017). Buying drugs online in the age of social media, American Journal Public Health, 107(12): 1858-1859.
  • Baggio, S., Mohler‐Kuo, M., Dupuis, M., Henchoz, Y., Studer, J., N’Goran, A.,& Gmel, G. (2016). Substance use capital: social resources enhancing youth substance use. Revue d'Épidémiologie Et De Santé Publique, 64(4), 255-262.
  • Bahar, A. (2018). Uyuşturucu madde kullanımının nedenleri ve bağımlılık oluşum sürecinde iletişimsel yaklaşımların rolü ve önemi: polis kayıtları üzerinden olgusal bir inceleme. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 55, 1-36.
  • Bhaskar, V. ve Roketskiy, N. (2021). Consumer privacy and serial monopoly, The Rand Journal Economics, 52(4), 912- 944.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of Practice. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bozkurt, O. (2015). Madde bağımlısı bireylerin bağımlılık süreçlerinde ailenin etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Briand, L. A. and Blendy, J. A. (2010). Molecular and genetic substrates linking stress and addiction. Brain Research, 1314, 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.002.
  • Cousijn, J., Luijten, M., & Ewing, S. (2018). Adolescent resilience to addiction: a social plasticity hypothesis. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(17)30148-7.
  • Danışmaz Sevin, M.ve Erbay, E. (2021). Eroin arkadaşlığı: çevresi içerisinde birey perspektifi ile madde bağımlılarının yaşam deneyimleri, Journal Of Dependence, 22(1):65-75.
  • Degenhardt, L., et al. (2010). Evaluating the drug use “gateway” theory using cross-national data: Consistency and associations of the order of initiation of drug use among participants in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 108(1-2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.001.
  • Denton, B., O’Malley, P. (1999). Gender, trust and business: women drug dealers in the illicit economy. British Journal of Criminology, 39 (4), 513-530.
  • Ebersole, D. S., Miller-Day, M., & Raup-Krieger, J. (2014). Do actions speak louder than words? adolescent interpretations of parental substance use. Journal of Family Communication, 14(4), 328-351.
  • Evren, C ve Çakmak, D. (2002). Damar yolu ile eroin kullananlarda enjektör paylaşımı ve ilişkili özellikler. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 3(1), 21-26.
  • Fairlie, R.W. (2002). Drug dealing and legitimate self-employment, Journal of Labor Economics, 20(3), pp.538-567.
  • Goffman, A. (2014), On the run: fugitive life in an american city. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Gresko, S. A., et al. (2022). Associations between parenting characteristics and adolescent substance use: A genetically informed, longitudinal adoption study. Development and Psychopathology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422000748.
  • Guy, R., and Chomczyński, P. (2023). Urban marginality, neighborhood dynamics, and the illicit drug trade in mexico city. Qualitative Sociology.
  • Hser, Y.-I., Longshore, D., & Anglin, M. D. (2007). The life course perspective on drug use. Evaluation review, 31(6), 515-547.
  • Hunt, D. E. (1990). Drugs and consensual crimes: Drug dealing and prostitution. Crime and Justice, 13, 159–202. https://doi.org/10.1086/449175.
  • Jackson, K., Janssen, T., & Gabrielli, J. (2018). Media/Marketing influences on adolescent and young adult substance abuse. Current Addiction Reports, 5(2), 146-157. doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0199-6.
  • Kahya, Y., Özerkmen, N. (2007). Organize suç örgütleri ve mafia, Ankara: Adalet Yayınları.
  • Kramer, T., Han, X., Leukefeld, C., Booth, B., & Edlund, C. (2009). Childhood conduct problems and other early risk factors in rural adult stimulant users. The Journal of Rural Health, 25(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00198.x.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2015). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları Lisdahl, K. M, vd. (2021). Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 227.
  • Litman, J., Hutchins, T., & Russon, R. (2005). Epistemic curiosity, feeling-of-knowing, and exploratory behaviour. Cognition & Emotion, 19(4), 559–582.
  • Macit, R. (2018) Becoming a drug dealer in turkey. Journal of Drug Issues, 1-12.
  • Nurco DN et al. (1984). Trends in the commission of crime among narcotic addicts over successive periods of addiction. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 10,481-489.
  • Nurco DN. (1998). A long-term program research on drug use and crime. Substance Use And Misuse, 33( 9): 1817-1837.
  • Patton,M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Evulation And Research Methods (3rd ed.).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Preble, E., Casey, J.J. (1969). Taking care of business: the heroin user's life on the street. International Journal of the Addictions, 4 (12), 1-24.
  • Premnath, D.& Nateson, C. (2021). Applications of neuromarketing sciences on digital marketing models - a theoretical frame work, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(7), 3127-3132.
  • Rhee, S. H., et al. (2003). Genetic and environmental influences on substance initiation, use, and problem use in adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(12), 1256. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1256.
  • Rosenberg, C. M. (1971). The young addict and his family. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 118(545), 469–470.
  • Rusby, J. C., et al. (2018). Influence of parent–youth relationship, parental monitoring, and parent substance use on adolescent substance use onset. Journal of Family Psychology, 32(3), 310–320.
  • Sandberg, S. (2008). Black drug delares in a white welfare state. Advance Access Publication. Scott S, Muirhead C, Shucksmith J, Tyrrell R, Kaner E. (2016). Does industry-driven alcohol marketing influence adolescent drinking behaviour? A systematic review. Alcohol, 52(1):84–94.
  • Sheehan, M., Oppenheimer, E., Taylor, C., 1988. Who comes for treatment: drug misusers at three London agencies. Br. J. Addict. 83, 311-320.
  • Smith, M. A. (2020). Nonhuman animal models of substance use disorders: Translational value and utility to basic science. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 206,107733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107733.
  • Spohr, S. A., Livingston, M. D., Taxman, F. S., & Walters, S. T. (2019). What’s the influence of social interactions on substance use and treatment initiation? a prospective analysis among substance-using probationers. Addictive Behaviors, 89, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.036.
  • Stager MM, et al. (2016). Textbook of pediatrics. 20nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 947-962.
  • Tofighi, B., Perna, M., Desai, A., Grov, C., & Lee, J. D. (2016). Craigslist as a source for heroin: a report of two cases, Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 543-546.
  • TUBIM (Türkiye Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi). (2010). 2009 national report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point, Ankara.
  • Urbanik, M.M ve Haggerty, K.D (2018). ‘It’s dangerous’: the online world of drug dealers, rappers and the street code, The British Journal of Criminology, 58(6), 1343-1360, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azx083.
  • Ünlü, A., & Demir, O. Ömer. (2012). Addict and non-addict drug dealers in Istanbul, Turkey: Profiles and differences. International Journal of Human Sciences, 9(2), 161–175.
  • Van der Sanden, R., Wilkins, C., Romeo, J. S., Rychert, M., & Barratt, M. (2021). Predictors of using social media to purchase drugs in New Zealand: Findings from a large-scale online survey. International Journal of Drug Policy, 98 (2021) 103430.
  • Van Hout, M. C. (2010). Differentiated normalization and drug transitions among rural youth in Ireland. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 18(2), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687631003649371.
  • Volkow, N. D., Koob, G. F., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1511480.
  • Wu, L.T. (2011). Racial/Ethnic variations in substance-related disorders among adolescents in the united states. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(11), 1176. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.120.
  • Yaman, Ö. M. (2012). Gençlerin toplumsal davranış ve yönelimleri: İstanbul’da “apaçi” altkültür grupları üzerine nitel bir çalışma, (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi), Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Counselling, Wellbeing and Community Services, Clinical Social Work Practice, Social Work (Other), Disabled Groups
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Musa Gürel 0000-0003-4132-1700

Emre Bilgiseven 0009-0004-0390-5101

İlker Aktürk 0000-0001-9626-3275

Ömer Miraç Yaman 0000-0001-9989-8575

Early Pub Date January 31, 2024
Publication Date January 31, 2024
Submission Date December 21, 2023
Acceptance Date January 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gürel, M., Bilgiseven, E., Aktürk, İ., Yaman, Ö. M. (2024). A Qualitative Research on the Process of Drug Addict Individuals Accessing Substances. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 21(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1407945