Research Article
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Coping, Positive Growth and Social Support in Turkish Women with Breast Cancer

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 72 - 89, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.61158/saukad.1361374

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the role of social support, coping strategies in fostering positive growth among Turkish women with breast cancer, utilizing a cross-sectional design. Involving 188 women from three hospital centers in Türkiye the research employed standardized measures such as The Ways of Coping Inventory and the Stress Related Growth Scale, alongside collecting socio-demographic and medical information. The results revealed significant positive correlations between social support, problem-solving, religious coping, and seeking social support coping strategies with positive growth (ps < 0.05). Conversely, helplessness coping strategies were inversely correlated with positive growth (ps < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that 61.2% of the positive growth score could be attributed to variables such as the stage of cancer, marital status, social support, problem-solving coping, and religious coping. The perceived availability of emotional support, particularly in the context of benefit finding, plays a crucial role in the patients' emotional adjustment. Conclusively, the findings suggest that enhancing social support, problem-solving, and religious coping could significantly improve the outcomes for Turkish women dealing with breast cancer. This research underscores the need for improvements in healthcare policies, support systems, and educational programs, proposing that such interventions should be integrated into healthcare services to effectively contribute to the positive growth of breast cancer patients.

References

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  • Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. (1996). Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional underpinnings. Journal of Personality, 64, 899-922.
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  • Aflakseir, A., Soltani, S., and Mollazadeh, J. (2018). Posttraumatic growth, meaningfulness, and social support in women with breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer Management. 11:e11469.
  • Andrykowski, M.A., Cordova, M.J., Studts, J. L., & Miller, T. W. (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer: Prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD checklist-Civilian Version (PCLC-C) as a screening instrument. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 586-590.
  • Antoni, M.H., Lehman, J. M., Kilbourn, K. M., Boyers, A. E., Culver, J. L., Alferi, S. M., et al. (2001). Cognitive behavioural stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychology, 20, 203-207.
  • Benson, R. B., Cobbold, B., Boamah, E. O., Akuoko, C. P., & Boateng, D. (2020). Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Social Support among Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana. Advances in Public Health, Article ID 4817932, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4817932
  • Bellizi, K.M. (2004). Generativity and posttraumatic growth in adult cancer survivors. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 58, 247-267.
  • Bellizzi, K.M., Blank, T.O. (2006) Predicting Posttraumatic Growth in Breast Cancer Survivors. Health Psychology Vol (25) pp 47-56.
  • Carver, S., Antoni, M. (2004). Finding benefit in breast cancer during the year after diagnosis predicts better adjustment 5 to 8 years after diagnosis. Health Psychology, vol. 23, no.6, pp. 595-598.
  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., et al. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, pp. 375-390.
  • Cordova, M.J., Cunningham, L.L., Carlson, C.R., Andrykowski, M.A. (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: a controlled comparison study. Health Psychology, May; 20(3):176-85.
  • Cordova, M.J., Cunningham, L.L., Carlson, C.R., Andrykowski, M.A. (2001). Social constraints, cognitive processing, and adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Consult Clinical Psychology, 69(4):706-11.
  • David, D., Montgomery, G. H., Bovbjerg, D. H. (2006). Relations between coping responses and optimism pessimism in predicting anticipatory psychological distress in surgical breast cancer patients. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 40(2), Jan 2006, pp. 203-213.
  • Du, H., Hu, A. N., Han, J. Y., Yuan, F. Z., Chen, C. (2022). Study on status quo of posttraumatic growth in young patients with breast cancer and its influencing factors. Chinese Nursing Research. 36, pp. 1072–1076. doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H. (1995). Perceived social support psychometric properties of MSPSS in normal and pathological groups in a developing country. Psychiatry Epidemiology; 30:121-126.
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  • Hipkins, J., Whitworth, M., Tarrier, N., & Jayson, G. (2004). Social support, anxiety and depression after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: a prospective study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 569-581.
  • Jones, B., Smith, J., & Williams, K. (2019). The protective role of temporary denial in coping with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 176(2), 485-491.
  • Khodaveirdyzadeh, R., Rahimi, R., Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Kodayari, N., & Eivazi, J. (2016). Spiritual/Religious Coping Strategies and their Relationship with Illness Adjustment among Iranian Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 17(8), 4095–4099.
  • Kleinman, R., & Liu, R. (2021). Integrating denial in breast cancer care: A new perspective. Journal of Advanced Oncology Nursing, 3(1), 45-52.
  • Kornblith, A. B., Herndon, J. E., Zuckerman, E., Viscoli, C. M., Horwitz, R. I., Cooper, M. R., ... & Cancer and Leukemia Group B. (2001). Social support as a buffer to the psychological impact of stressful life events in women with breast cancer. Cancer, 91(2), 443-454.
  • Lechner, S. C., Zakowski, S. G., Antoni, M. H., Greenhawt, M., Block, K. (2003). Do sociodemographic and disease-related variables influence benefit-finding in cancer patients? Psycho-Oncology, 12(5), Jul-Aug 2003, pp. 491-499.
  • Liu, Q., Chen, Y., Pan, S. S. (2021). Relationship between social support and post-traumatic growth in patients undergoing breast cancer chemotherapy. Health Research. 41, 519–521.
  • Luszczynska, A., Mohamed, N. E., Schwarzer, R. (2005). Self-efficacy and social support predict benefit finding 12 months after cancer surgery: The mediating role of coping strategies. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 10(4), pp. 365-375.
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  • McFarland, C., & Alvaro, C. (2000). The impact of motivation on temporal comparisons: coping with traumatic events by perceiving personal growth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 327-343.
  • Maghsoodi, S., & Salehinejad, Z. (2020). Relationship Between Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Disease Among the Cancer Patients of the City of Kerman. Journal of Research and Health. 10(6):375-382.
  • Manning‐Walsh, J. (2005). Social support as a mediator between symptom distress and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 34(4), 482-493.
  • McGregor, B. A., Antoni, M. H., Boyers, A., Alferi, S. M., Blomberg, B. B., & Carver, C. S. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral stress management increases benefit finding and immune function among women with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(1), pp. 1-8.
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  • Mols, F., Vingerhoets, Ad., Coebergh, J. W., & Van de Poll Franse, L. (2009). Well-being, posttraumatic growth, and benefit finding in long-term breast cancer survivors. Psychology and Health, 24, 5, pp. 583-595.
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  • Petrie, K.J., Buick, D.L., Weinman, J., & Booth, R.J. (1999). Positive effects of illness reported by myocardial infarction and breast cancer patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 47, 537-543.
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Türk Kadınlarında Meme Kanseri ile Başa Çıkma, Pozitif Büyüme ve Sosyal Desteğin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 72 - 89, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.61158/saukad.1361374

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye de meme kanseri tanısı almış kadınlar arasında sosyal destek ve başa çıkma stratejilerinin pozitif büyümeyi teşvik etmedeki rolünü keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır ve kesitsel bir tasarımla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye'deki üç hastane merkezinden 188 kadın katılım sağlamış, araştırmada Başa Çıkma Stratejileri Envanteri ve Stresle İlgili Büyüme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır; ayrıca sosyo-demografik ve tıbbi bilgiler de toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, sosyal destek, problem çözme, dini başa çıkma ve sosyal destek arama stratejilerinin pozitif büyüme ile önemli pozitif korelasyonlar gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur (p < 0.05). Tersine, çaresizlik başa çıkma stratejileri pozitif büyüme ile ters korelasyon göstermiştir (p < 0.05). Ayrıca, çok değişkenli analiz, pozitif büyüme puanının %61.2'sinin kanserin evresi, medeni durum, sosyal destek, problem çözme ve dini başa çıkma gibi değişkenlere atfedilebileceğini göstermiştir. Bu araştırma, sağlık politikalarında, destek sistemlerinde ve eğitim programlarında iyileştirmelerin gerekliliğini vurgulamakta ve bu tür müdahalelerin meme kanseri hastalarının pozitif büyümesine etkili bir şekilde katkıda bulunmak için sağlık hizmetlerine entegre edilmesi önem taşımaktadır.

References

  • Acquati, C. (2016). A comparison of younger and older couples coping with breast cancer: examining the relationship among mutuality, dyadic coping, and quality of life of patients and partners. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2392. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2392
  • Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. (1996). Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional underpinnings. Journal of Personality, 64, 899-922.
  • Affleck, G., Tennen, H., Croog, S., & Levine, S. (1987). Causal attribution, perceived benefits, and morbidity after a heart attack: an 8-year study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 29.
  • Aflakseir, A., Soltani, S., and Mollazadeh, J. (2018). Posttraumatic growth, meaningfulness, and social support in women with breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer Management. 11:e11469.
  • Andrykowski, M.A., Cordova, M.J., Studts, J. L., & Miller, T. W. (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer: Prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD checklist-Civilian Version (PCLC-C) as a screening instrument. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 586-590.
  • Antoni, M.H., Lehman, J. M., Kilbourn, K. M., Boyers, A. E., Culver, J. L., Alferi, S. M., et al. (2001). Cognitive behavioural stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychology, 20, 203-207.
  • Benson, R. B., Cobbold, B., Boamah, E. O., Akuoko, C. P., & Boateng, D. (2020). Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Social Support among Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana. Advances in Public Health, Article ID 4817932, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4817932
  • Bellizi, K.M. (2004). Generativity and posttraumatic growth in adult cancer survivors. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 58, 247-267.
  • Bellizzi, K.M., Blank, T.O. (2006) Predicting Posttraumatic Growth in Breast Cancer Survivors. Health Psychology Vol (25) pp 47-56.
  • Carver, S., Antoni, M. (2004). Finding benefit in breast cancer during the year after diagnosis predicts better adjustment 5 to 8 years after diagnosis. Health Psychology, vol. 23, no.6, pp. 595-598.
  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., et al. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, pp. 375-390.
  • Cordova, M.J., Cunningham, L.L., Carlson, C.R., Andrykowski, M.A. (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: a controlled comparison study. Health Psychology, May; 20(3):176-85.
  • Cordova, M.J., Cunningham, L.L., Carlson, C.R., Andrykowski, M.A. (2001). Social constraints, cognitive processing, and adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Consult Clinical Psychology, 69(4):706-11.
  • David, D., Montgomery, G. H., Bovbjerg, D. H. (2006). Relations between coping responses and optimism pessimism in predicting anticipatory psychological distress in surgical breast cancer patients. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 40(2), Jan 2006, pp. 203-213.
  • Du, H., Hu, A. N., Han, J. Y., Yuan, F. Z., Chen, C. (2022). Study on status quo of posttraumatic growth in young patients with breast cancer and its influencing factors. Chinese Nursing Research. 36, pp. 1072–1076. doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H. (1995). Perceived social support psychometric properties of MSPSS in normal and pathological groups in a developing country. Psychiatry Epidemiology; 30:121-126.
  • Fernandez, C.,Lee, A., Newhouse, I. (2021). Overcoming denial in breast cancer treatment: Patient engagement strategies. Cancer Nursing, 44(2), E99-E107.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, pp. 150-170.
  • Filazoglu, G., Griva, K. (2008). Coping and social support and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer in Türkiye. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 13(5), pp. 559-573.
  • Greene, A. G., Smith, M., & Hughes, T. (2020). The complexity of emotions in breast cancer: A critical review. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 38(4), 400-417.
  • Gunes, H. (2001). Gender differences in Distress, Coping Strategies, Stress-Related Growth and Factors Associated with Psychological Distress and Perceived growth Following 1999, Marmara Earthquake. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 42, 15-75.
  • Hebert, R., Zdaniuk, B., Schulz, R., & Scheier, M. (2009). Positive and Negative Religious Coping and Well-Being in Women with Breast Cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 12(6), 537-545.
  • Hipkins, J., Whitworth, M., Tarrier, N., & Jayson, G. (2004). Social support, anxiety and depression after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: a prospective study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 569-581.
  • Jones, B., Smith, J., & Williams, K. (2019). The protective role of temporary denial in coping with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 176(2), 485-491.
  • Khodaveirdyzadeh, R., Rahimi, R., Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Kodayari, N., & Eivazi, J. (2016). Spiritual/Religious Coping Strategies and their Relationship with Illness Adjustment among Iranian Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 17(8), 4095–4099.
  • Kleinman, R., & Liu, R. (2021). Integrating denial in breast cancer care: A new perspective. Journal of Advanced Oncology Nursing, 3(1), 45-52.
  • Kornblith, A. B., Herndon, J. E., Zuckerman, E., Viscoli, C. M., Horwitz, R. I., Cooper, M. R., ... & Cancer and Leukemia Group B. (2001). Social support as a buffer to the psychological impact of stressful life events in women with breast cancer. Cancer, 91(2), 443-454.
  • Lechner, S. C., Zakowski, S. G., Antoni, M. H., Greenhawt, M., Block, K. (2003). Do sociodemographic and disease-related variables influence benefit-finding in cancer patients? Psycho-Oncology, 12(5), Jul-Aug 2003, pp. 491-499.
  • Liu, Q., Chen, Y., Pan, S. S. (2021). Relationship between social support and post-traumatic growth in patients undergoing breast cancer chemotherapy. Health Research. 41, 519–521.
  • Luszczynska, A., Mohamed, N. E., Schwarzer, R. (2005). Self-efficacy and social support predict benefit finding 12 months after cancer surgery: The mediating role of coping strategies. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 10(4), pp. 365-375.
  • Ma, X., Wan, X., & Chen, C. (2022). The correlation between posttraumatic growth and social support in people with breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Frontier Psychology. 13:1060150.
  • McFarland, C., & Alvaro, C. (2000). The impact of motivation on temporal comparisons: coping with traumatic events by perceiving personal growth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 327-343.
  • Maghsoodi, S., & Salehinejad, Z. (2020). Relationship Between Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Disease Among the Cancer Patients of the City of Kerman. Journal of Research and Health. 10(6):375-382.
  • Manning‐Walsh, J. (2005). Social support as a mediator between symptom distress and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 34(4), 482-493.
  • McGregor, B. A., Antoni, M. H., Boyers, A., Alferi, S. M., Blomberg, B. B., & Carver, C. S. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral stress management increases benefit finding and immune function among women with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(1), pp. 1-8.
  • McMillen, J.C., Smith, E. M., & Fisher, R. H. (1997). Perceived benefit and mental health after three types of disaster. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 733-739.
  • Mohr, D.C., Dick, L.P., Russo, D., Pinn, J., Boudewyn, A. C., Likosky, W., & Goodkin, D.E. (1999). The psychological impact of multiple sclerosis: Exploring the patient’s perspective. Health Psychology, 18, 376-382.
  • Mols, F., Vingerhoets, Ad., Coebergh, J. W., & Van de Poll Franse, L. (2009). Well-being, posttraumatic growth, and benefit finding in long-term breast cancer survivors. Psychology and Health, 24, 5, pp. 583-595.
  • Moos, R.H., & Schaefer, J. A. (1993). Coping resources and processes: Current concepts and measures. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects (pp. 234-257). New York: Free Press.
  • Ng, C. G., Mohamed, S., See, M. H., Harun, F., Dahlui, M., Sulaiman, A. H., ... & Taib, N. A. (2018). Post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients: A longitudinal study. Psycho-Oncology, 27(3), 1231-1237.
  • Ośmiałowska, E., Misiąg, W., Chabowski, M., & Jankowska-Polańska, B. (2021). Coping strategies, pain, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(19), 4469.
  • Park, C. L., Cohen, L. H., & Murch, R. L. (1996). Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth. Journal of Personality, 64(1), 71-105.
  • Park, C. L., Edmondson, D., & Blank, T. O. (2009). Religious and non-religious pathways to stress-related growth in cancer survivors. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 1(3), 321-335.
  • Patel, S. K., Wong, A. L., & Wong, F. L. (2019). Tailored psychosocial interventions for breast cancer patients in denial. Oncology Nursing Forum, 46(6), 719-726.
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Family Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk 0000-0002-7431-282X

Early Pub Date December 27, 2023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date September 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Filazoğlu Çokluk, G. (2023). Coping, Positive Growth and Social Support in Turkish Women with Breast Cancer. Sakarya Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 72-89. https://doi.org/10.61158/saukad.1361374
30984  The content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.