Algılanan Toksik Liderliğin Fırsatçı Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisinde Örgütsel Politikanın ve Ahlaki Çözülmenin Aracılık Rolü

Nuri Karaca; Ali Aksoy

doi:10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1419081

Research Article

The Mediating Role of Organizational Policy and Moral Dissolution in the Effect of Perceived Toxic Leadership on Opportunistic Silence

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 134 - 151, 30.04.2024

Nuri Karaca Ali Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1419081

Abstract

In today's modern world, qualified human resources play an important role in the success of organisations. The leadership styles of managers are important in the correct and efficient use of qualified human resources. As a matter of fact, managers' leadership styles can positively or negatively affect employees' effort, motivation, performance and creativity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of organisational politics and moral dissolution in the effect of perceived toxic leadership on opportunistic silence. For this purpose, 500 technical personnel of a state-owned thermal power plant were determined as the main population of the research. Data were collected by questionnaire technique from a sample of 227 technical personnel determined by random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed with the help of AMOS and SPSS package programs. According to the results of the analysis, the dimensions of toxic leadership (unappreciation, self-interest, selfishness, negative mental state), which is the independent variable, positively and significantly affect organisational politics, moral dissolution and opportunistic silence. Among the toxic leadership dimensions, it was observed that only the dimension of value ignorance did not have a significant effect on opportunistic silence. Again, according to the results of the analysis, organisational politics and moral dissolution have a significant positive effect on opportunistic silence. According to another analysis result, organisational politics and moral dissolution mediate the relationship between toxic leadership and opportunistic silence.

Keywords

Toxic Leadership, Organisational Politics, Moral Dissolution, Organisational Silence, Opportunistic Silence

References

Adeoye, S. O., Egbuta, O. U., & Ayeni, D. (2020). Toxic Leadership and Organisational Silence: An Appraisal of Selected Faith-Based Organisations in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 67, 37-47.
Akbulut, D., & Yavuz, E. (2022). Örgütlerde Toksik Liderlik Davranışı: Betimsel İçerik Analizi. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama, 5(2), 107-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52848/ijls.1097752
Akdoğan, A., & Demirtaş, Ö. (2014). Etik Liderlik Davranışlarının Etik İklim Üzerindeki Etkisi: Örgütsel Politik Algılamaların Aracı Rolü. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 107-124.
Aquino, K., Reed II, A., Thau, S., & Freeman, D. (2007). A Grotesque and Dark Beauty: How Moral Identity and Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Influence Cognitive and Emotional Reactions to War. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 385-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.013
Aykanat, Z., & Yıldız, T. (2022). Ahlaki Çözülmenin Bir Öncülü Olarak Karanlık Üçlü: Bir Alan Araştırması. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(43), 891-909.
Ballı, E. (2014). Otel İşletmelerinde Karanlık Liderliğin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Mersin Üniversitesi.
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101-119.
Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., & Zsolnai, L. (2000). Corporate Transgressions Through Moral Disengagement. Journal of Human Values, 6(1), 57-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/097168580000600106
Başar, U., & Varoğlu, A. K. (2016). Örgütsel Politika Algısının İhmalkârlık Üzerindeki Etkisinde İşten Ayrılma Niyetinin Aracı Rolü. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 23(3), 751-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.281961
Başar, U., Alan, H., Topçu, M. K., & Aksoy, S. (2015). Örgütsel Politika Algısının Ardılları Üzerine Görgül Bir Araştırma. In Proceeding Presented at the 3rd Organizational Behavior Congress, Tokat, Turkey.
Bedi, A., & Schat, A. C. (2013). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Meta-Analysis of its Attitudinal, Health, and Behavioral Consequences. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 54(4), 246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034549
Befu, H. (1977). Social Exchange. Annual Review of Anthropology, 6(1), 255-281.
Benligiray, S., & Demirci, U. (2020). Özel Güvenlik Sektöründe Çalışanların Örgütsel Politika Algıları ile İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Arasındaki İlişkiye İş Doyumlarının Aracılık Etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(4), 23-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.845695
Bonner, J. M., Greenbaum, R. L., & Mayer, D. M. (2016). My Boss is Morally Disengaged: The Role of Ethical Leadership in Explaining the Interactive Effect of Supervisor and Employee Moral Disengagement on Employee Behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 137, 731-742.
Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The Dynamic Effects of Diversity on Organizational Voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00385
Bozeman, D. P., Hochwarier, W. A., Perrewe, P. L., & Brymer, R. A. (2001). Organizational Politics, Perceived Control, and Work Outcomes: Boundary Conditions on the Effects of Politics. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(3), 486-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02052.x
Brouwers, M., & Paltu, A. (2020). Toxic Leadership: Effects on Job Satisfaction, Commitment, Turnover İntention and Organisational Culture Within the South African Manufacturing Industry. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-11. DOI: https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1fa457614d
Burakova, M., Mcdowall, A., & Bianvet, C. (2022). Are Organisational Politics Responsible for Turnover İntention in French Firefighters? European Review of Applied Psychology, 72(5), 100764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2022.100764
Burns Jr, W. A. (2017). A Descriptive Literature Review of Harmful Leadership Styles: Definitions, Commonalities, Measurements, Negative Impacts, and Ways to Improve These Harmful Leadership Styles. Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership, 3(1), 33-52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17062/CJIL.v3i1.53
Cao, W., Li, P., C. van der Wal, R., & W. Taris, T. (2023). Leadership and Workplace Aggression: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 186(2), 347-367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05184-0
Chen, L., Liu, Y., Hu, S., & Zhang, S. (2022). Perception of Organizational Politics and İnnovative Behavior in the Workplace: The Roles of Knowledge-Sharing Hostility and Mindfulness. Journal of Business Research, 145, 268-276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.006
Chen, Y. Y., & Fang, W. (2008). The Moderating Effect of İmpression Management on the Organizational Politics–Performance Relationship. Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 263-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9379-3
Cheng, K., Guo, L., & Luo, J. (2021). The More You Exploit, the More Expedient I will be: A Moral Disengagement and Chinese Traditionality Examination of Exploitative Leadership and Employee Expediency. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09781-x
Chou, S. Y., & Chang, T. (2020). Employee Silence and Silence Antecedents: A Theoretical Classification. International Journal of Business Communication, 57(3), 401-426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488417703301
Chugh, D., Kern, M. C., Zhu, Z., & Lee, S. (2014). Withstanding Moral Disengagement: Attachment Security as an Ethical İntervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 88-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.11.005
Cook, G. H., Ferris, G. R., & Dulebohn, J. H. (1999). Political Behavior as Moderators of The Perceptions of Organizational Politics-Work Outcomes Relationship. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1093-1105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199912)20:7%3C1093::AID-JOB945%3E3.0.CO;2-%23
Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., & Toth, P. (1997). The Relationship of Organizational Politics and Support to Work Behaviors, Attitudes, and Stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(2), 159-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199703)18:2%3C159::AID-JOB795%3E3.0.CO;2-D
Çakıcı, A. (2007). Örgütlerde Sessizlik: Sessizliğin Teorik Temelleri ve Dinamikleri. Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 16(1).
Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2019). Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 365-387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v19i47045.485266
Çelebi, N., Güner, A. G. H., & Yildiz, V. (2015). Toksik Liderlik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(1), 249-268.
Çetinkaya, F. F., & Gülbahar, H. O. (2021). Algılanan Örgütsel Politikanın Örgütsel Güven ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye-Romanya Karşılaştırması. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics, 16(1). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47644/TurkishStudies.47675
Dehkharghani, L. L., Paul, J., Maharati, Y., & Menzies, J. (2022). Employee Silence in an Organizational Context: A Review and Research Agenda. European Management Journal, 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.12.004
Demir, B. (2019). Toksik Liderlik Algısının Örgütsel Sessizlik, Duygusal Bağlılık ile Görev Performansı Arasındaki İlişki [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Beykent Üniversitesi.
Diab Ghanem Atalla, A., & Hassan Mostafa, W. (2023). Relationship between Toxic Leadership and Work Outcomes: A Cross-sectional Study. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 14(1), 199-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/EJHC.2023.280739
Dirik, D., & Yeloğlu, H. O. (2020). Algılanan örgütsel politikanın ardılları üzerine ulusal yazın bağlamında bir metaanaliz çalışması. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 475-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.485570
Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
Egan, V., Hughes, N., & Palmer, E. J. (2015). Moral Disengagement, the Dark Triad, and Unethical Consumer Attitudes. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 123-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.054
Erbaş, E., & Perçin, N. Ş. (2017). Ahlaki Çözülme (Moral Disengagement) Ölçeği Türkçe Geçerlemesi ve Kişi-Çevre Uyumu İlişkisi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(1), 177-190.
Eriş, Y., & Arun, K. (2020). Liderin Karanlık Yüzü: Toksik Liderlik Davranışlarının Çalışanların İş Tatminine Etkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1861-1877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.949
Fahri, J., Alting, H., Syahdan, R., Asril Arilaha, M., & Buamonabot, I. (2021). Paternalistic Leadership, Perceived Organizational Politics, and Job Satisfaction: Mediation and Moderation Model. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Communication and Management, 52-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3484399.3484407
Fayganoğlu, P., Yalçın, R. C., & Begenirbaş, M. (2022). Toksik Liderlik Örgütsel Esneklik ve İş Biçimlendirmeyi Etkiler Mi?: Hizmet Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 260-285.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management, 18(1), 93-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800107
Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Theory and Research Directions. The Many Faces of Multi-Level İssues, 179-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1475-9144(02)01034-2
Fida, R., Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2015). An İntegrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotions, and Moral Disengagement. Journal of Business Ethics, 130, 131-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2209-5
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fosse, T. H., Skogstad, A., Einarsen, S. V., & Martinussen, M. (2019). Active and Passive Forms of Destructive Leadership in a Military Context: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(5), 708-722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1634550
Gallus, J. A., Walsh, B. M., van Driel, M., Gouge, M. C., & Antolic, E. (2013). Intolerable Cruelty: A Multilevel Examination of the İmpact of Toxic Leadership on US Military Units and Service Members. Military Psychology, 25(6), 588-601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000022
Guo, G., Cheng, B., Tian, J., Ma, J., & Gong, C. (2022). Effects of Negative Workplace Gossip on Unethical Work Behavior in the hospitality industry: The Roles of Moral Disengagement and Self-Construal. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(3), 290-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2021.1961111
Günay, E., & Köroğlu, A. (2013). Liderlik Tarzları ve Örgütsel Sessizlik İlişkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 10(3).
Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Temel İlkeler ve Uygulamalı Analizler (IBM AMOS Ugulamalı, Örnek Veri Setleri). 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis, 7th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Hao, L., Zhu, H., He, Y., Duan, J., Zhao, T., & Meng, H. (2022). When is Silence Golden? A Meta-Analysis on Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Silence. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(5), 1039-1063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09788-7
Harris, R. B., Harris, K. J., & Harvey, P. (2007). A Test of Competing Models of the Relationships Among Perceptions of Organizational Politics, Perceived Organizational Support, and İndividual Outcomes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(6), 631-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.6.631-656
Hattab, S., Wirawan, H., Salam, R., Daswati, D., & Niswaty, R. (2022). The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Turnover İntention and Counterproductive Work Behaviour in Indonesia Public Organisations. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(3), 317-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2021-0142
He, P., Peng, Z., Zhao, H., & Estay, C. (2019). How and When Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Leads to Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model Based on Moral Disengagement and Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi Views. Journal of Business Ethics, 155, 259-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3550-2
Hill, J. R., Song, L., & West, R. E. (2009). Social Learning Theory and Web-Based Learning Environments: A review of research and Discussion of İmplications. The Amer. Jrnl. of Distance Education, 23(2), 88-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640902857713
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The İnfluence of Culture, Community, and the Nested‐Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewé, P. L., Ferris, G. R., & Guercio, R. (1999). Commitment as an Antidote to the Tension and Turnover Consequences of Organizational Politics. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(3), 277-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1684
Hsieh, H. H., Hsu, H. H., Kao, K. Y., & Wang, C. C. (2020). Ethical Leadership and Employee Unethical ProOrganizational Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Coworker Ethical Behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(6), 799-812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2019-0464
Indradevi, R. (2016). Toxic leadership Over the Years–A Review. PURUSHARTHA-A Journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality, 9(1), 106-110.
Jeong, Y., & Kim, M. (2022). Effects of Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Organizational Politics on Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Differential Treatment. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27(3), 190-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.08.002
John, S. P., & Manikandan, K. (2019). Employee Silence: A Meta-Analytic Review. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 7(1), 354-366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25215/0701.040
Johnson, J. F., & Ronald Buckley, M. (2015). Multi-Level Organizational Moral Disengagement: Directions for Future İnvestigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 130, 291-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2220-x
Kacmar, K. M., & Baron, R. A. (1999). Organizational Politics: The State of the Field, Links to Related Processes, and an Agenda for Future Research. Research in Human Resources Management, 17, 1-39.
Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Harris, K. J., & Tepper, B. J. (2013). Ethical Leadership and Subordinate Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Organizational Politics and the Moderating Role of Political Skill. Journal of Business Ethics, 115, 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1373-8
Karim, D. N., Majid, A. H. A., Omar, K., & Aburumman, O. J. (2021). The Mediating Effect of İnterpersonal Distrust on the Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Politics and Workplace Ostracism in Higher Education İnstitutions. Heliyon, 7(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07280
Kaya, N., Göncü, F. T., & Erarslan, İ. (2021). Yöneticilerin Toksik Liderlik Davranışlarının Örgütsel Sinizm ve Çalışan Sessizliği Üzerine Etkileri (Kamu Sektörüne Yönelik Bir Araştırma). Journal of Life Economics, 8(1), 111-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.8.1.11
Khaled Abd El-Aziz Zaki, A., & Samir Abd El-Aziz Elsaiad, H. (2021). Toxic Leadership and its Relation to Nurses' Absenteeism and Their Deviant Behaviors. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 12(4), 1304-1322.
Khan, M. R., Khan, M. S., Khan, M. A., Siraji, M. J., & Director, I. A. (2021). The Toxic Leadership and Employee Performance: Mediating Effects of Employee Commitment. Ilkogretim Online, 20(1), 4613-4625.
Kılıç, R., Keklik, B., & Yıldız, H. (2014). Dönüştürücü, Etkileşimci ve Tam Serbesti Tanıyan Liderlik Tarzlarının Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerindeki Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Journal of Management ve Economics, 21(2), 149-169.
Kırca, M. Y. (2021). Çalışanlardaki Toksik Liderlik Algısının Örgütsel Sessizlik ve İş Motivasyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Pozitif Psikolojik Sermayenin Düzenleyici Rolü [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi].
Knoll, M., & Van Dick, R. (2013a). Authenticity, Employee Silence, Prohibitive Voice, and the Moderating Effect of Organizational İdentification. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(4), 346-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.804113
Knoll, M., & Van Dick, R. (2013b). Do I Hear the Whistle? A First Attempt to Measure Four Forms of Employee Silence and Their Correlates. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 349-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1308-4
Knoll, M., Wegge, J., Unterrainer, C., Silva, S., & Jønsson, T. (2016). Is Our Knowledge of Voice and Silence in Organizations Growing? Building Bridges and (re) Discovering Opportunities. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(3-4), 161-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216649857
Kürü, S. A., & Kayış, A. (2020). Örgütsel Politika Algısı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Örgütsel Yalnızlığın Aracılık Etkisi. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(38), 41-57. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.2021.153
Labrague, L. J., Nwafor, C. E., & Tsaras, K. (2020). Influence of Toxic and Transformational Leadership Practices on Nurses' Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Absenteeism and Turnover İntention: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1104-1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13053
Lian, H., Huai, M., Farh, J. L., Huang, J. C., Lee, C., & Chao, M. M. (2022). Leader Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior and Employee Unethical Conduct: Social Learning of Moral Disengagement as a Behavioral Principle. Journal of Management, 48(2), 350-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320959699
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). The Allure of Toxic Leaders: Why Followers Rarely Escape Their Clutches. Ivey Business Journal, 69(3), 1-40.
Mackey, J. D., Ellen III, B. P., McAllister, C. P., & Alexander, K. C. (2021). The Dark Side of Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Destructive Leadership Research. Journal of Business Research, 132, 705-718. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.037
Maftei, A., Holman, A. C., & Elenescu, A. G. (2022). The Dark Web of Machiavellianism and Psychopathy: Moral Disengagement in IT Organizations. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.4011
Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi: AMOS Uygulamaları (2. Basım). Detay Yayıncılık.
Miller, B. K., Rutherford, M. A., & Kolodinsky, R. W. (2008). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 209-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-008-9061-5
Mintzberg, H. (1985). The Organization as Political Arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1985.tb00069.x
Moore, C. (2008). Moral Disengagement in Processes of Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business ethics, 80, 129-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9447-8
Moore, C., Detert, J. R., Klebe Treviño, L., Baker, V. L., & Mayer, D. M. (2012). Why Employees do Bad Things: Moral Disengagement and Unethical Organizational Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 65(1), 1-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01237.x
Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3707697
Munyon, T. P., Houghton, J. D., Simarasl, N., Dawley, D. D., & Howe, M. (2021). Limits of Authenticity: How Organizational Politics Bound the Positive Effects of Authentic Leadership on Follower Satisfaction and Performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 51(6), 594-609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12762
O'connor, W. E., & Morrison, T. G. (2001). A Comparison of Situational and Dispositional Predictors of Perceptions of Organizational Politics. The Journal of Psychology, 135(3), 301-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603700
O'Reilly, C. A., & Pfeffer, J. (2021). Why are Grandiose Narcissists More Effective at Organizational Politics? Means, Motive, and Opportunity. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110557
Oruç, Ş. (2021). Toksik Liderlik Algısının Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisinde Metanetin Düzenleyici Rolü [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Aksaray Üniversitesi].
Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee Silence: Quiescence and Acquiescence as Responses to Perceived İnjustice. In Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 331-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military review, 84(4), 67-71.
Reyhanoglu, M., & Akin, O. (2022). Impact of Toxic Leadership on the İntention to Leave: A Research on Permanent and Contracted Hospital Employees. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 38(1), 156-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0076
Reyhanoğlu, M., & Akın, Ö. (2016). Toksik Liderlik Örgütsel Sağlığı Olumsuz Yönde Tetikler Mi? İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 442-459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.41373
Rosen, C. C., Harris, K. J., & Kacmar, K. M. (2009). The Emotional İmplications of Organizational Politics: A Process Model. Human Relations, 62(1), 27-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708099836
Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Malik, M. K. (2021). Toxic Leadership and Safety Performance: Does Organizational Commitment Act as Stress Moderator? Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1960246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1960246
Samnani, A. K., Salamon, S. D., & Singh, P. (2014). Negative Affect and Counterproductive Workplace Behavior: The Moderating Role of Moral Disengagement And Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 119, 235-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1635-0
Saqib, A., & Arif, M. (2017). Employee Silence as Mediator in the Relationship between Toxic Leadership Behavior and Organizational Learning. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 294-310.
Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and Validation of The Toxic Leadership Scale [Unpublished Master Theses, Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland].
Seçkin, Ş. N., & Tikici, M. (2021). Tepe Yöneticilerin Kişisel Güç Kaynakları ve Kullandıkları Sert Etkileme Taktiklerinin Algılanan Örgütsel Politika Üzerine Etkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(4), 3755-3769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1354
Son, S., Yang, T. S., & Park, J. (2023). How Organizational Politics and Subjective Social Status Moderate Job İnsecurity–Silence Relationships. Journal of Management & Organization, 29(2), 266-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2022.54
Song, B., Qian, J., Wang, B., Yang, M., & Zhai, A. (2017). Are You Hiding From Your Boss? Leader's Destructive Personality and Employee Silence. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 45(7), 1167-1174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6421
Şengüllendi, M. F., Şehitoğlu, Y., & Kurt, E. (2020). Toksik Liderlik ve Üretkenlik Karşıtı İş Davranışları İlişkisinde Kariyerizmin Aracı Etkisi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 743-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2020.032
Ünlüönen, K., & Çatır, O. (2016). Dönüşümcü ve Etkileşimci Liderliğin Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 13(2), 69-88.
Ünüvar, H. (2023). Türkiye'de Toksik Liderlik Alanında Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İçerik Analizi. Dynamics in Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 31-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/OJFHSS.2022.230424
Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., & Zivnuska, S. (2019). Understanding the Effects of Political Environments on Unethical Behavior in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 156, 173-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3576-5
Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., Zivnuska, S., & Harting, T. (2019). Abusive Supervision, Leader-Member Exchange, And moral Disengagement: A Moderated-Mediation Model of Organizational Deviance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(3), 299-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1466776
Vigoda, E. (2000). Organizational Politics, Job Attitudes, and Work Outcomes: Exploration and İmplications for the Public Sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(3), 326-347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1742
Vigoda, E., & Cohen, A. (2002). Influence Tactics and Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Business Research, 55(4), 311-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00134-X
Walker, S. M., & Watkins, D. (2022). Toxic Leadership: Research and Cases. Taylor & Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767333.2023.2264014
Welsh, D. T., Baer, M. D., Sessions, H., & Garud, N. (2020). Motivated to Disengage: The Ethical Consequences of Goal Commitment and Moral Disengagement in Goal Setting. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(7), 663-677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.14127abstract
Wijewantha, P., Jusoh, M., Azam, S. F., & Sudasinghe, S. R. S. N. (2020). Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Politics (POPs) and Employee Well-Being (EWB). IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 22(5), 30-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2205013038
Williams, D. F. (2005). Toxic Leadership in the U.S. Army [Unpublished Master Thesis, U.S. Army War College, ABD.]
Williams, K. R. (2018). Toxic Leadership in Defense and Federal Workplaces: Sabotaging the Mission and İnnovation. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(3), 179-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-04-2018-0023
Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership, Inc, 1, 2016.
Witt, L. A., Andrews, M. C., & Kacmar, K. M. (2000). The Role of Participation in Decision-Making in the Organizational Politics-Job Satisfaction Relationship. Human Relations, 53(3), 341-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533003
Witt, L. A., Treadway, D. C., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). The Role of Age in Reactions to Organizational Politics Perceptions. Organizational Analysis, 12(1), 39-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028985
Wu, W., Su, Y., Huang, X., Liu, W., & Jiang, X. (2020). The Dark Triad, Moral Disengagement, and Social Entrepreneurial İntention: Moderating Roles of Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01520
Xu, A. J., Loi, R., & Lam, L. W. (2015). The Bad Boss Takes it All: How Abusive Supervision and Leader–Member Exchange İnteract to İnfluence Employee Silence. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 763-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.002
Yağcı, E. (2020). Toksik Liderliğin Yöneticiye Güven Aracılığı ile Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerindeki Etkisi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
Yeşilaydın, G., & Bayın, G. (2015). Türkiye’de Örgütsel Sessizlik ile İlgili Yapılan Araştırmalara Yönelik Literatür İncelemesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(4), 103-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.54497
Zhang, P., Li, S., Liu, W., Han, Y., & Muhammad, N. A. (2018). Exploring the Role of Moral Disengagement in the Link between Perceived Narcissistic Supervision and Employees' Organizational Deviance: A Moderated Mediation Model. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 21(4), 223-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12323
Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace Ostracism and Knowledge Hiding in Service Organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.09.009
Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Fatima, S. F., & Zia, M. (2022). Toxic Leadership and Employee Silence (ES): The Role of Courageous Followership (CF): Toxic Leadership and Employee Silence. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(1), 90-106.

Algılanan Toksik Liderliğin Fırsatçı Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisinde Örgütsel Politikanın ve Ahlaki Çözülmenin Aracılık Rolü

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 134 - 151, 30.04.2024

Nuri Karaca Ali Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1419081

Abstract

Günümüz modern dünyasında örgütlerin başarılarında sahip olunan nitelikli insan kaynağı önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Nitelikli insan kaynağının doğru ve verimli şekilde kullanılmasında, yöneticilerin sahip oldukları liderlik tarzları önem arz etmektedir. Nitekim yöneticilerin liderlik tarzları çalışanların gayretlerini, motivasyonlarını, performanslarını ve yaratıcılıklarını olumlu veya olumsuz olarak etkileyebilmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı algılanan toksik liderliğin fırsatçı sessizlik üzerine etkisinde örgütsel politikanın ve ahlaki çözülmenin aracılık rolünü tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla kamuya bağlı bir termik santralin 500 teknik personeli araştırmanın ana kütlesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen 227 teknik personelin oluşturduğu örneklemden anket tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler AMOS ve SPSS paket programları yardımlıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre bağımsız değişken olan toksik liderliğin boyutları (değer bilmezlik, çıkarcılık, bencillik, olumsuz ruhsal durum); örgütsel politikayı, ahlaki çözülmeyi ve fırsatçı sessizliği pozitif yönde anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Toksik liderlik boyutlarından sadece değer bilmezlik boyutunun fırsatçı sessizlik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Yine analiz sonuçlarına göre örgütsel politika ve ahlaki çözülme, fırsatçı sessizliği pozitif yönde anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Diğer bir analiz sonucuna göre ise örgütsel politika ve ahlaki çözülme, toksik liderlik ile fırsatçı sessizlik arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etmektedirler.

Keywords

Toksik Liderlik, Örgütsel Politika, Ahlaki Çözülme, Örgütsel Sessizlik, Fırsatçı Sessizlik

References

Adeoye, S. O., Egbuta, O. U., & Ayeni, D. (2020). Toxic Leadership and Organisational Silence: An Appraisal of Selected Faith-Based Organisations in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 67, 37-47.
Akbulut, D., & Yavuz, E. (2022). Örgütlerde Toksik Liderlik Davranışı: Betimsel İçerik Analizi. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama, 5(2), 107-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52848/ijls.1097752
Akdoğan, A., & Demirtaş, Ö. (2014). Etik Liderlik Davranışlarının Etik İklim Üzerindeki Etkisi: Örgütsel Politik Algılamaların Aracı Rolü. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 107-124.
Aquino, K., Reed II, A., Thau, S., & Freeman, D. (2007). A Grotesque and Dark Beauty: How Moral Identity and Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Influence Cognitive and Emotional Reactions to War. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 385-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.013
Aykanat, Z., & Yıldız, T. (2022). Ahlaki Çözülmenin Bir Öncülü Olarak Karanlık Üçlü: Bir Alan Araştırması. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(43), 891-909.
Ballı, E. (2014). Otel İşletmelerinde Karanlık Liderliğin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Mersin Üniversitesi.
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101-119.
Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., & Zsolnai, L. (2000). Corporate Transgressions Through Moral Disengagement. Journal of Human Values, 6(1), 57-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/097168580000600106
Başar, U., & Varoğlu, A. K. (2016). Örgütsel Politika Algısının İhmalkârlık Üzerindeki Etkisinde İşten Ayrılma Niyetinin Aracı Rolü. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 23(3), 751-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.281961
Başar, U., Alan, H., Topçu, M. K., & Aksoy, S. (2015). Örgütsel Politika Algısının Ardılları Üzerine Görgül Bir Araştırma. In Proceeding Presented at the 3rd Organizational Behavior Congress, Tokat, Turkey.
Bedi, A., & Schat, A. C. (2013). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Meta-Analysis of its Attitudinal, Health, and Behavioral Consequences. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 54(4), 246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034549
Befu, H. (1977). Social Exchange. Annual Review of Anthropology, 6(1), 255-281.
Benligiray, S., & Demirci, U. (2020). Özel Güvenlik Sektöründe Çalışanların Örgütsel Politika Algıları ile İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Arasındaki İlişkiye İş Doyumlarının Aracılık Etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(4), 23-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.845695
Bonner, J. M., Greenbaum, R. L., & Mayer, D. M. (2016). My Boss is Morally Disengaged: The Role of Ethical Leadership in Explaining the Interactive Effect of Supervisor and Employee Moral Disengagement on Employee Behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 137, 731-742.
Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The Dynamic Effects of Diversity on Organizational Voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00385
Bozeman, D. P., Hochwarier, W. A., Perrewe, P. L., & Brymer, R. A. (2001). Organizational Politics, Perceived Control, and Work Outcomes: Boundary Conditions on the Effects of Politics. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(3), 486-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02052.x
Brouwers, M., & Paltu, A. (2020). Toxic Leadership: Effects on Job Satisfaction, Commitment, Turnover İntention and Organisational Culture Within the South African Manufacturing Industry. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-11. DOI: https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1fa457614d
Burakova, M., Mcdowall, A., & Bianvet, C. (2022). Are Organisational Politics Responsible for Turnover İntention in French Firefighters? European Review of Applied Psychology, 72(5), 100764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2022.100764
Burns Jr, W. A. (2017). A Descriptive Literature Review of Harmful Leadership Styles: Definitions, Commonalities, Measurements, Negative Impacts, and Ways to Improve These Harmful Leadership Styles. Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership, 3(1), 33-52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17062/CJIL.v3i1.53
Cao, W., Li, P., C. van der Wal, R., & W. Taris, T. (2023). Leadership and Workplace Aggression: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 186(2), 347-367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05184-0
Chen, L., Liu, Y., Hu, S., & Zhang, S. (2022). Perception of Organizational Politics and İnnovative Behavior in the Workplace: The Roles of Knowledge-Sharing Hostility and Mindfulness. Journal of Business Research, 145, 268-276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.006
Chen, Y. Y., & Fang, W. (2008). The Moderating Effect of İmpression Management on the Organizational Politics–Performance Relationship. Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 263-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9379-3
Cheng, K., Guo, L., & Luo, J. (2021). The More You Exploit, the More Expedient I will be: A Moral Disengagement and Chinese Traditionality Examination of Exploitative Leadership and Employee Expediency. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09781-x
Chou, S. Y., & Chang, T. (2020). Employee Silence and Silence Antecedents: A Theoretical Classification. International Journal of Business Communication, 57(3), 401-426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488417703301
Chugh, D., Kern, M. C., Zhu, Z., & Lee, S. (2014). Withstanding Moral Disengagement: Attachment Security as an Ethical İntervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 88-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.11.005
Cook, G. H., Ferris, G. R., & Dulebohn, J. H. (1999). Political Behavior as Moderators of The Perceptions of Organizational Politics-Work Outcomes Relationship. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1093-1105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199912)20:7%3C1093::AID-JOB945%3E3.0.CO;2-%23
Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., Grandey, A. A., & Toth, P. (1997). The Relationship of Organizational Politics and Support to Work Behaviors, Attitudes, and Stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(2), 159-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199703)18:2%3C159::AID-JOB795%3E3.0.CO;2-D
Çakıcı, A. (2007). Örgütlerde Sessizlik: Sessizliğin Teorik Temelleri ve Dinamikleri. Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 16(1).
Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2019). Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 365-387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v19i47045.485266
Çelebi, N., Güner, A. G. H., & Yildiz, V. (2015). Toksik Liderlik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(1), 249-268.
Çetinkaya, F. F., & Gülbahar, H. O. (2021). Algılanan Örgütsel Politikanın Örgütsel Güven ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye-Romanya Karşılaştırması. Turkish Studies-Economics, Finance, Politics, 16(1). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47644/TurkishStudies.47675
Dehkharghani, L. L., Paul, J., Maharati, Y., & Menzies, J. (2022). Employee Silence in an Organizational Context: A Review and Research Agenda. European Management Journal, 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.12.004
Demir, B. (2019). Toksik Liderlik Algısının Örgütsel Sessizlik, Duygusal Bağlılık ile Görev Performansı Arasındaki İlişki [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Beykent Üniversitesi.
Diab Ghanem Atalla, A., & Hassan Mostafa, W. (2023). Relationship between Toxic Leadership and Work Outcomes: A Cross-sectional Study. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 14(1), 199-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/EJHC.2023.280739
Dirik, D., & Yeloğlu, H. O. (2020). Algılanan örgütsel politikanın ardılları üzerine ulusal yazın bağlamında bir metaanaliz çalışması. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 475-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.485570
Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing Employee Silence and Employee Voice as Multidimensional Constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
Egan, V., Hughes, N., & Palmer, E. J. (2015). Moral Disengagement, the Dark Triad, and Unethical Consumer Attitudes. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 123-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.054
Erbaş, E., & Perçin, N. Ş. (2017). Ahlaki Çözülme (Moral Disengagement) Ölçeği Türkçe Geçerlemesi ve Kişi-Çevre Uyumu İlişkisi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(1), 177-190.
Eriş, Y., & Arun, K. (2020). Liderin Karanlık Yüzü: Toksik Liderlik Davranışlarının Çalışanların İş Tatminine Etkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1861-1877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.949
Fahri, J., Alting, H., Syahdan, R., Asril Arilaha, M., & Buamonabot, I. (2021). Paternalistic Leadership, Perceived Organizational Politics, and Job Satisfaction: Mediation and Moderation Model. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Communication and Management, 52-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3484399.3484407
Fayganoğlu, P., Yalçın, R. C., & Begenirbaş, M. (2022). Toksik Liderlik Örgütsel Esneklik ve İş Biçimlendirmeyi Etkiler Mi?: Hizmet Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 260-285.
Ferris, G. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (1992). Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management, 18(1), 93-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800107
Ferris, G. R., Adams, G., Kolodinsky, R. W., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ammeter, A. P. (2002). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: Theory and Research Directions. The Many Faces of Multi-Level İssues, 179-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1475-9144(02)01034-2
Fida, R., Paciello, M., Tramontano, C., Fontaine, R. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Farnese, M. L. (2015). An İntegrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotions, and Moral Disengagement. Journal of Business Ethics, 130, 131-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2209-5
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fosse, T. H., Skogstad, A., Einarsen, S. V., & Martinussen, M. (2019). Active and Passive Forms of Destructive Leadership in a Military Context: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(5), 708-722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2019.1634550
Gallus, J. A., Walsh, B. M., van Driel, M., Gouge, M. C., & Antolic, E. (2013). Intolerable Cruelty: A Multilevel Examination of the İmpact of Toxic Leadership on US Military Units and Service Members. Military Psychology, 25(6), 588-601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000022
Guo, G., Cheng, B., Tian, J., Ma, J., & Gong, C. (2022). Effects of Negative Workplace Gossip on Unethical Work Behavior in the hospitality industry: The Roles of Moral Disengagement and Self-Construal. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(3), 290-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2021.1961111
Günay, E., & Köroğlu, A. (2013). Liderlik Tarzları ve Örgütsel Sessizlik İlişkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 10(3).
Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Temel İlkeler ve Uygulamalı Analizler (IBM AMOS Ugulamalı, Örnek Veri Setleri). 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis, 7th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Hao, L., Zhu, H., He, Y., Duan, J., Zhao, T., & Meng, H. (2022). When is Silence Golden? A Meta-Analysis on Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Silence. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(5), 1039-1063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09788-7
Harris, R. B., Harris, K. J., & Harvey, P. (2007). A Test of Competing Models of the Relationships Among Perceptions of Organizational Politics, Perceived Organizational Support, and İndividual Outcomes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(6), 631-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.6.631-656
Hattab, S., Wirawan, H., Salam, R., Daswati, D., & Niswaty, R. (2022). The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Turnover İntention and Counterproductive Work Behaviour in Indonesia Public Organisations. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(3), 317-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2021-0142
He, P., Peng, Z., Zhao, H., & Estay, C. (2019). How and When Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Leads to Employee Silence: A Moderated Mediation Model Based on Moral Disengagement and Supervisor–Subordinate Guanxi Views. Journal of Business Ethics, 155, 259-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3550-2
Hill, J. R., Song, L., & West, R. E. (2009). Social Learning Theory and Web-Based Learning Environments: A review of research and Discussion of İmplications. The Amer. Jrnl. of Distance Education, 23(2), 88-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640902857713
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The İnfluence of Culture, Community, and the Nested‐Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewé, P. L., Ferris, G. R., & Guercio, R. (1999). Commitment as an Antidote to the Tension and Turnover Consequences of Organizational Politics. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(3), 277-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1684
Hsieh, H. H., Hsu, H. H., Kao, K. Y., & Wang, C. C. (2020). Ethical Leadership and Employee Unethical ProOrganizational Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Coworker Ethical Behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(6), 799-812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2019-0464
Indradevi, R. (2016). Toxic leadership Over the Years–A Review. PURUSHARTHA-A Journal of Management, Ethics and Spirituality, 9(1), 106-110.
Jeong, Y., & Kim, M. (2022). Effects of Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Organizational Politics on Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Differential Treatment. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27(3), 190-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.08.002
John, S. P., & Manikandan, K. (2019). Employee Silence: A Meta-Analytic Review. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 7(1), 354-366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25215/0701.040
Johnson, J. F., & Ronald Buckley, M. (2015). Multi-Level Organizational Moral Disengagement: Directions for Future İnvestigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 130, 291-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2220-x
Kacmar, K. M., & Baron, R. A. (1999). Organizational Politics: The State of the Field, Links to Related Processes, and an Agenda for Future Research. Research in Human Resources Management, 17, 1-39.
Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Harris, K. J., & Tepper, B. J. (2013). Ethical Leadership and Subordinate Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Organizational Politics and the Moderating Role of Political Skill. Journal of Business Ethics, 115, 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1373-8
Karim, D. N., Majid, A. H. A., Omar, K., & Aburumman, O. J. (2021). The Mediating Effect of İnterpersonal Distrust on the Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Politics and Workplace Ostracism in Higher Education İnstitutions. Heliyon, 7(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07280
Kaya, N., Göncü, F. T., & Erarslan, İ. (2021). Yöneticilerin Toksik Liderlik Davranışlarının Örgütsel Sinizm ve Çalışan Sessizliği Üzerine Etkileri (Kamu Sektörüne Yönelik Bir Araştırma). Journal of Life Economics, 8(1), 111-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.8.1.11
Khaled Abd El-Aziz Zaki, A., & Samir Abd El-Aziz Elsaiad, H. (2021). Toxic Leadership and its Relation to Nurses' Absenteeism and Their Deviant Behaviors. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 12(4), 1304-1322.
Khan, M. R., Khan, M. S., Khan, M. A., Siraji, M. J., & Director, I. A. (2021). The Toxic Leadership and Employee Performance: Mediating Effects of Employee Commitment. Ilkogretim Online, 20(1), 4613-4625.
Kılıç, R., Keklik, B., & Yıldız, H. (2014). Dönüştürücü, Etkileşimci ve Tam Serbesti Tanıyan Liderlik Tarzlarının Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerindeki Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Journal of Management ve Economics, 21(2), 149-169.
Kırca, M. Y. (2021). Çalışanlardaki Toksik Liderlik Algısının Örgütsel Sessizlik ve İş Motivasyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi: Pozitif Psikolojik Sermayenin Düzenleyici Rolü [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi].
Knoll, M., & Van Dick, R. (2013a). Authenticity, Employee Silence, Prohibitive Voice, and the Moderating Effect of Organizational İdentification. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(4), 346-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.804113
Knoll, M., & Van Dick, R. (2013b). Do I Hear the Whistle? A First Attempt to Measure Four Forms of Employee Silence and Their Correlates. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 349-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1308-4
Knoll, M., Wegge, J., Unterrainer, C., Silva, S., & Jønsson, T. (2016). Is Our Knowledge of Voice and Silence in Organizations Growing? Building Bridges and (re) Discovering Opportunities. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(3-4), 161-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216649857
Kürü, S. A., & Kayış, A. (2020). Örgütsel Politika Algısı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Örgütsel Yalnızlığın Aracılık Etkisi. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(38), 41-57. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.2021.153
Labrague, L. J., Nwafor, C. E., & Tsaras, K. (2020). Influence of Toxic and Transformational Leadership Practices on Nurses' Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Absenteeism and Turnover İntention: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1104-1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13053
Lian, H., Huai, M., Farh, J. L., Huang, J. C., Lee, C., & Chao, M. M. (2022). Leader Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior and Employee Unethical Conduct: Social Learning of Moral Disengagement as a Behavioral Principle. Journal of Management, 48(2), 350-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320959699
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). The Allure of Toxic Leaders: Why Followers Rarely Escape Their Clutches. Ivey Business Journal, 69(3), 1-40.
Mackey, J. D., Ellen III, B. P., McAllister, C. P., & Alexander, K. C. (2021). The Dark Side of Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Destructive Leadership Research. Journal of Business Research, 132, 705-718. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.037
Maftei, A., Holman, A. C., & Elenescu, A. G. (2022). The Dark Web of Machiavellianism and Psychopathy: Moral Disengagement in IT Organizations. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.4011
Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi: AMOS Uygulamaları (2. Basım). Detay Yayıncılık.
Miller, B. K., Rutherford, M. A., & Kolodinsky, R. W. (2008). Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 209-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-008-9061-5
Mintzberg, H. (1985). The Organization as Political Arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1985.tb00069.x
Moore, C. (2008). Moral Disengagement in Processes of Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business ethics, 80, 129-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9447-8
Moore, C., Detert, J. R., Klebe Treviño, L., Baker, V. L., & Mayer, D. M. (2012). Why Employees do Bad Things: Moral Disengagement and Unethical Organizational Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 65(1), 1-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01237.x
Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3707697
Munyon, T. P., Houghton, J. D., Simarasl, N., Dawley, D. D., & Howe, M. (2021). Limits of Authenticity: How Organizational Politics Bound the Positive Effects of Authentic Leadership on Follower Satisfaction and Performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 51(6), 594-609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12762
O'connor, W. E., & Morrison, T. G. (2001). A Comparison of Situational and Dispositional Predictors of Perceptions of Organizational Politics. The Journal of Psychology, 135(3), 301-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603700
O'Reilly, C. A., & Pfeffer, J. (2021). Why are Grandiose Narcissists More Effective at Organizational Politics? Means, Motive, and Opportunity. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110557
Oruç, Ş. (2021). Toksik Liderlik Algısının Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisinde Metanetin Düzenleyici Rolü [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Aksaray Üniversitesi].
Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee Silence: Quiescence and Acquiescence as Responses to Perceived İnjustice. In Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 331-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
Reed, G. E. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military review, 84(4), 67-71.
Reyhanoglu, M., & Akin, O. (2022). Impact of Toxic Leadership on the İntention to Leave: A Research on Permanent and Contracted Hospital Employees. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 38(1), 156-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0076
Reyhanoğlu, M., & Akın, Ö. (2016). Toksik Liderlik Örgütsel Sağlığı Olumsuz Yönde Tetikler Mi? İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 442-459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.41373
Rosen, C. C., Harris, K. J., & Kacmar, K. M. (2009). The Emotional İmplications of Organizational Politics: A Process Model. Human Relations, 62(1), 27-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708099836
Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Malik, M. K. (2021). Toxic Leadership and Safety Performance: Does Organizational Commitment Act as Stress Moderator? Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1960246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1960246
Samnani, A. K., Salamon, S. D., & Singh, P. (2014). Negative Affect and Counterproductive Workplace Behavior: The Moderating Role of Moral Disengagement And Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 119, 235-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1635-0
Saqib, A., & Arif, M. (2017). Employee Silence as Mediator in the Relationship between Toxic Leadership Behavior and Organizational Learning. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 294-310.
Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and Validation of The Toxic Leadership Scale [Unpublished Master Theses, Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland].
Seçkin, Ş. N., & Tikici, M. (2021). Tepe Yöneticilerin Kişisel Güç Kaynakları ve Kullandıkları Sert Etkileme Taktiklerinin Algılanan Örgütsel Politika Üzerine Etkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(4), 3755-3769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1354
Son, S., Yang, T. S., & Park, J. (2023). How Organizational Politics and Subjective Social Status Moderate Job İnsecurity–Silence Relationships. Journal of Management & Organization, 29(2), 266-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2022.54
Song, B., Qian, J., Wang, B., Yang, M., & Zhai, A. (2017). Are You Hiding From Your Boss? Leader's Destructive Personality and Employee Silence. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 45(7), 1167-1174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6421
Şengüllendi, M. F., Şehitoğlu, Y., & Kurt, E. (2020). Toksik Liderlik ve Üretkenlik Karşıtı İş Davranışları İlişkisinde Kariyerizmin Aracı Etkisi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(22), 743-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2020.032
Ünlüönen, K., & Çatır, O. (2016). Dönüşümcü ve Etkileşimci Liderliğin Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 13(2), 69-88.
Ünüvar, H. (2023). Türkiye'de Toksik Liderlik Alanında Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İçerik Analizi. Dynamics in Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 31-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/OJFHSS.2022.230424
Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., & Zivnuska, S. (2019). Understanding the Effects of Political Environments on Unethical Behavior in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 156, 173-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3576-5
Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., Zivnuska, S., & Harting, T. (2019). Abusive Supervision, Leader-Member Exchange, And moral Disengagement: A Moderated-Mediation Model of Organizational Deviance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(3), 299-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1466776
Vigoda, E. (2000). Organizational Politics, Job Attitudes, and Work Outcomes: Exploration and İmplications for the Public Sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(3), 326-347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1742
Vigoda, E., & Cohen, A. (2002). Influence Tactics and Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Business Research, 55(4), 311-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00134-X
Walker, S. M., & Watkins, D. (2022). Toxic Leadership: Research and Cases. Taylor & Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767333.2023.2264014
Welsh, D. T., Baer, M. D., Sessions, H., & Garud, N. (2020). Motivated to Disengage: The Ethical Consequences of Goal Commitment and Moral Disengagement in Goal Setting. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(7), 663-677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.14127abstract
Wijewantha, P., Jusoh, M., Azam, S. F., & Sudasinghe, S. R. S. N. (2020). Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Politics (POPs) and Employee Well-Being (EWB). IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 22(5), 30-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2205013038
Williams, D. F. (2005). Toxic Leadership in the U.S. Army [Unpublished Master Thesis, U.S. Army War College, ABD.]
Williams, K. R. (2018). Toxic Leadership in Defense and Federal Workplaces: Sabotaging the Mission and İnnovation. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(3), 179-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-04-2018-0023
Wilson-Starks, K. Y. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership, Inc, 1, 2016.
Witt, L. A., Andrews, M. C., & Kacmar, K. M. (2000). The Role of Participation in Decision-Making in the Organizational Politics-Job Satisfaction Relationship. Human Relations, 53(3), 341-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533003
Witt, L. A., Treadway, D. C., & Ferris, G. R. (2004). The Role of Age in Reactions to Organizational Politics Perceptions. Organizational Analysis, 12(1), 39-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028985
Wu, W., Su, Y., Huang, X., Liu, W., & Jiang, X. (2020). The Dark Triad, Moral Disengagement, and Social Entrepreneurial İntention: Moderating Roles of Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01520
Xu, A. J., Loi, R., & Lam, L. W. (2015). The Bad Boss Takes it All: How Abusive Supervision and Leader–Member Exchange İnteract to İnfluence Employee Silence. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 763-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.002
Yağcı, E. (2020). Toksik Liderliğin Yöneticiye Güven Aracılığı ile Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerindeki Etkisi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
Yeşilaydın, G., & Bayın, G. (2015). Türkiye’de Örgütsel Sessizlik ile İlgili Yapılan Araştırmalara Yönelik Literatür İncelemesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(4), 103-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.54497
Zhang, P., Li, S., Liu, W., Han, Y., & Muhammad, N. A. (2018). Exploring the Role of Moral Disengagement in the Link between Perceived Narcissistic Supervision and Employees' Organizational Deviance: A Moderated Mediation Model. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 21(4), 223-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12323
Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace Ostracism and Knowledge Hiding in Service Organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 59, 84-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.09.009
Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Fatima, S. F., & Zia, M. (2022). Toxic Leadership and Employee Silence (ES): The Role of Courageous Followership (CF): Toxic Leadership and Employee Silence. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(1), 90-106.

There are 125 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Leadership
Journal Section	Original Research Articles
Authors	Nuri Karaca 0000-0002-6735-9574 Ali Aksoy 0000-0001-6234-0631
Publication Date	April 30, 2024
Submission Date	January 13, 2024
Acceptance Date	March 14, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Karaca, N., & Aksoy, A. (2024). Algılanan Toksik Liderliğin Fırsatçı Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisinde Örgütsel Politikanın ve Ahlaki Çözülmenin Aracılık Rolü. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 27(1), 134-151. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1419081

Article Files

Full Text

Journal of Selçuk University Social Sciences Vocational School is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).